Druid 介绍及配置

亦凉 2022-05-14 14:53 240阅读 0赞

转自：[https://www.cnblogs.com/niejunlei/p/5977895.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_niejunlei_p_5977895.html]

# [Druid 介绍及配置][https_www.cnblogs.com_niejunlei_p_5977895.html] #

# 1. Druid是什么？ #

Druid是Java语言中最好的数据库连接池。Druid能够提供强大的监控和扩展功能。

# 2. 在哪里下载druid #

*  正式版本下载：  
    maven中央仓库: [http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/druid/][http_central.maven.org_maven2_com_alibaba_druid]

# 3. 怎么获取Druid的源码 #

Druid是一个开源项目，源码托管在github上，源代码仓库地址是 [https://github.com/alibaba/druid][https_github.com_alibaba_druid]。同时每次Druid发布正式版本和快照的时候，都会把源码打包，你可以从上面的下载地址中找到相关版本的源码

# 4. 怎么配置maven #

Druid 0.1.18 之后版本都发布到maven中央仓库中，所以你只需要在项目的pom.xml中加上dependency就可以了。例如：

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>${druid-version}</version>
        </dependency>

也可以选择 Maven仓库查找公共的仓库地址:[http://www.mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid][http_www.mvnrepository.com_artifact_com.alibaba_druid]

# 5. 怎么打开Druid的监控统计功能 #

Druid的监控统计功能是通过filter-chain扩展实现，如果你要打开监控统计功能，配置StatFilter，具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_StatFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_StatFilter]

# 6. 怎样使用Druid的内置监控页面 #

内置监控页面是一个Servlet，具体配置看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_StatViewServlet%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_StatViewServlet_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]

# 7. 内置监控中的Web和Spring关联监控怎么配置？ #

*  Web关联监控配置   
    [https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEWebStatFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AEWebStatFilter]
 *  Spring关联监控配置   
    [https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_Druid%E5%92%8CSpring%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_Druid_E5_92_8CSpring_E5_85_B3_E8_81_94_E7_9B_91_E6_8E_A7_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]

# 8. 怎么配置防御SQL注入攻击 #

Druid提供了WallFilter，它是基于SQL语义分析来实现防御SQL注入攻击的。具体配置看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-wallfilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE-wallfilter]

# 9. Druid有没有参考配置 #

不同的业务场景需求不同，你可以使用我们的参考配置，但建议你仔细阅读相关文档，了解清楚之后做定制配置。[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_DruidDataSource%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_DruidDataSource_E5_8F_82_E8_80_83_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]

# 10. 我想日志记录JDBC执行的SQL，如何配置 #

Druid提供了Log4jFilter、CommonsLogFilter和Slf4jFilter，具体配置看这里[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_LogFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_LogFilter]

# 11. 我的程序可能产生连接泄漏了，有什么办法？ #

Druid提供了多种监测连接泄漏的手段，具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E8_BF_9E_E6_8E_A5_E6_B3_84_E6_BC_8F_E7_9B_91_E6_B5_8B]

# 12. 在Druid中使用PSCache会有内存占用过大问题么？ #

连接Oracle数据库，打开PSCache，在其他的数据库连接池都会存在内存占用过多的问题，Druid是唯一解决这个问题的连接池。具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/Oracle%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%B8%8BPreparedStatementCache%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_Oracle_E6_95_B0_E6_8D_AE_E5_BA_93_E4_B8_8BPreparedStatementCache_E5_86_85_E5_AD_98_E9_97_AE_E9_A2_98_E8_A7_A3_E5_86_B3_E6_96_B9_E6_A1_88]

# 13. 有没有和其他数据库连接池的对比？ #

*  各种数据库连接池对比[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%B1%A0%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E5_90_84_E7_A7_8D_E6_95_B0_E6_8D_AE_E5_BA_93_E8_BF_9E_E6_8E_A5_E6_B1_A0_E5_AF_B9_E6_AF_94]

# 14. 从其他连接池迁移要注意什么？ #

*  不同连接池的参数参照对比： [http://code.alibabatech.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=6947005][http_code.alibabatech.com_wiki_pages_viewpage.action_pageId_6947005]
 *  DBCP迁移 [https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/DBCP%E8%BF%81%E7%A7%BB][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_DBCP_E8_BF_81_E7_A7_BB]

# 15. Druid中有没有类似Jboss DataSource中的ExceptionSorter #

ExceptionSorter是JBoss DataSource中的优秀特性，Druid也有一样功能的ExceptionSorter，但不用手动配置，自动识别生效的。具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/ExceptionSorter\_cn][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_ExceptionSorter_cn]

# 16. Druid中的maxIdle为什么是没用的？ #

maxIdle是Druid为了方便DBCP用户迁移而增加的，maxIdle是一个混乱的概念。连接池只应该有maxPoolSize和minPoolSize，druid只保留了maxActive和minIdle，分别相当于maxPoolSize和minPoolSize。

# 17. 我的应用配置的是JNDI数据源，可以用DruidDataSource么？ #

DruidDataSource支持JNDI配置，具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_JNDI\_Tomcat][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_JNDI_Tomcat]   
具体实现的类是这个：com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory，你可以阅读代码加深理解。

# 18. 我的应用已使用DBCP，是代码中写死的，怎样更换为Druid？ #

可以的，Druid提供了一个中完全平滑迁移DBCP的办法。

*  1) 从[http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/druid/druid-wrapper/][http_repo1.maven.org_maven2_com_alibaba_druid_druid-wrapper] 下载druid-wrapper-xxx.jar 
 *  2) 加入druid-xxx.jar 
 *  3) 从你的WEB-INF/lib/中删除dbcp-xxx.jar 
 *  4) 按需要加上配置，比如JVM启动参数加上-Ddruid.filters=stat，动态配置druid的filters

这种用法，使得可以在一些非自己开发的应用中使用Druid，例如在sonar中部署druid，sonar是一个使用jruby开发的web应用，写死了DBCP，只能够通过这种方法来更换。

# 19. 我想试用快照版本，怎么获取？ #

直接获取快照版本的地址是：[http://code.alibabatech.com/mvn/snapshots/com/alibaba/druid/][http_code.alibabatech.com_mvn_snapshots_com_alibaba_druid] ，使用快照版本建议加入我们QQ群 92748305，遇到问题直接反馈给我们。

# 20. 有一些SQL执行很慢，我希望日志记录下来，怎么设置？ #

在StatFilter配置中有慢SQL执行日志记录，看这里[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_StatFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_StatFilter]

# 21. 我希望加密我的数据库密码怎么办？ #

运维和DBA都不希望把密码明文直接写在配置文件中，Druid提供了数据库秘密加密的功能。具体看这里：[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ConfigFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E4_BD_BF_E7_94_A8ConfigFilter]

# 22. 如何参与Druid的开发 #

Druid是一个通过github开源的项目，github的特性，使得你很容易参与其中。这里有详细说明[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E5_A6_82_E4_BD_95_E5_8F_82_E4_B8_8E]

# 23. Druid的发布周期是怎样？ #

Druid是一个活跃的项目，长期维护。每个月有一个发布窗口，除非遇到重大bug和非常紧急的需求，否则都是每个月最多发布一次。如果没有足够多的需求，发布窗口就不会被使用。

# 24. 如果DruidDataSource在init的时候失败了，不再使用，是否需要close #

是的，如果DruidDataSource不再使用，必须调用close来释放资源，释放的资源包括关闭Create和Destory线程。

# 25. DruidDataSource支持哪些数据库？ #

理论上说，支持所有有jdbc驱动的数据库。实际测试过的有

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>数据库</td> 
   <td>支持状态</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mysql</td> 
   <td>支持，大规模使用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>oracle</td> 
   <td>支持，大规模使用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sqlserver</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>postgres</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>db2</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>h2</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>derby</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sqlite</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sybase</td> 
   <td>支持</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 26. Oracle下jdbc executeBatch时，更新行数计算不正确 #

使用jdbc的executeBatch 方法，如果数据库为oracle，则无论是否成功更新到数据，返回值都是-2，而不是真正被sql更新到的记录数，这是Oracle JDBC Driver的问题，Druid不作特殊处理。

# 27. Druid如何自动根据URL自动识别DriverClass的 #

Druid是根据url前缀来识别DriverClass的，这样使得配置更方便简洁。

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>前缀</td> 
   <td>DriverCLass</td> 
   <td>描述信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:odps</td> 
   <td>com.aliyun.odps.jdbc.OdpsDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:derby</td> 
   <td>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:mysql</td> 
   <td>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:oracle</td> 
   <td>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:microsoft</td> 
   <td>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:sybase:Tds</td> 
   <td>com.sybase.jdbc2.jdbc.SybDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:jtds</td> 
   <td>net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:postgresql</td> 
   <td>org.postgresql.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:fake</td> 
   <td>com.alibaba.druid.mock.MockDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:mock</td> 
   <td>com.alibaba.druid.mock.MockDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:hsqldb</td> 
   <td>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:db2</td> 
   <td>COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver</td> 
   <td>DB2的JDBC Driver十分混乱，这个匹配不一定对</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:sqlite</td> 
   <td>org.sqlite.JDBC</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:ingres</td> 
   <td>com.ingres.jdbc.IngresDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:h2</td> 
   <td>org.h2.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:mckoi</td> 
   <td>com.mckoi.JDBCDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:cloudscape</td> 
   <td>COM.cloudscape.core.JDBCDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:informix-sqli</td> 
   <td>com.informix.jdbc.IfxDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:timesten</td> 
   <td>com.timesten.jdbc.TimesTenDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:as400</td> 
   <td>com.ibm.as400.access.AS400JDBCDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:sapdb</td> 
   <td>com.sap.dbtech.jdbc.DriverSapDB</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:JSQLConnect</td> 
   <td>com.jnetdirect.jsql.JSQLDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:JTurbo</td> 
   <td>com.newatlanta.jturbo.driver.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:firebirdsql</td> 
   <td>org.firebirdsql.jdbc.FBDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:interbase</td> 
   <td>interbase.interclient.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:pointbase</td> 
   <td>com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:edbc</td> 
   <td>ca.edbc.jdbc.EdbcDriver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdbc:mimer:multi1</td> 
   <td>com.mimer.jdbc.Driver</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 28. 如何保存监控记录 #

[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98Druid%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E6_80_8E_E4_B9_88_E4_BF_9D_E5_AD_98Druid_E7_9A_84_E7_9B_91_E6_8E_A7_E8_AE_B0_E5_BD_95]

# 29. 我想Log输出SQL执行的信息怎么办？ #

[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE\_LogFilter][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_LogFilter]

# 30. 如何配置Druid内置的log实现 #

[https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEdruid%E5%86%85%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84log%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0][https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AEdruid_E5_86_85_E7_BD_AE_E7_9A_84log_E5_AE_9E_E7_8E_B0]

## **附：示例项目：** ##

https://github.com/windwant/spring-dubbo-service.git

https://github.com/windwant/spring-boot-service.git

https://github.com/windwant/spring-cloud-service.git

[https_www.cnblogs.com_niejunlei_p_5977895.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/niejunlei/p/5977895.html
[http_central.maven.org_maven2_com_alibaba_druid]: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/druid/
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid
[http_www.mvnrepository.com_artifact_com.alibaba_druid]: http://www.mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_StatFilter]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_StatFilter
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_StatViewServlet_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_StatViewServlet%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AEWebStatFilter]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEWebStatFilter
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_Druid_E5_92_8CSpring_E5_85_B3_E8_81_94_E7_9B_91_E6_8E_A7_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_Druid%E5%92%8CSpring%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE-wallfilter]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE-wallfilter
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_DruidDataSource_E5_8F_82_E8_80_83_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_DruidDataSource%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E9_85_8D_E7_BD_AE_LogFilter]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE_LogFilter
[https_github.com_alibaba_druid_wiki_E8_BF_9E_E6_8E_A5_E6_B3_84_E6_BC_8F_E7_9B_91_E6_B5_8B]: https://github.com/alibaba/druid/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B
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[http_repo1.maven.org_maven2_com_alibaba_druid_druid-wrapper]: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/druid/druid-wrapper/
[http_code.alibabatech.com_mvn_snapshots_com_alibaba_druid]: http://code.alibabatech.com/mvn/snapshots/com/alibaba/druid/
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