Elasticsearch浅尝搜索

快来打我* 2022-05-15 12:52 225阅读 0赞

# 一、场景简述 #

既然是说Elasticsearch全文搜索引擎，那么笔者就在Elasticsearch中的一些简单的搜索来入门Elasticsearch，借用官网的一句话“你知道的，为了搜索...”

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# 二、场景实现 #

进行搜索前，先下载安装Sense，可参考该篇文章[https://www.cnblogs.com/cnjavahome/p/9124584.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_cnjavahome_p_9124584.html]

当然！记得启动Elasticsearch

其次在来看一张图，理解什么是ES集群、索引、文档、属性，方便后文的理解

![70][]

### 1、插入数据 ###

*  PUT：向ES中添加文档
 *  myindex：索引名称
 *  mydoc：文档名称
 *  1 2 3..：特定用户的编号

PUT /myindex/mydoc/1
    {
        "name":"qianran",
        "age":20,
        "work":"java",
        "about":"I love to go rock climbing"
    }
    PUT /myindex/mydoc/2
    {
        "name":"linjie",
        "age":29,
        "work":"java",
        "about":"I want to climbing"
    }
    PUT /myindex/mydoc/3
    {
        "name":"jay",
        "age":23,
        "work":"C++",
        "about":"happy.."
    }
    PUT /myindex/mydoc/4
    {
        "name":"lucy",
        "age":22,
        "work":"java",
        "about":"xixi.."
    }

若返回结果如下，即代表添加数据成功

{
       "_index": "myindex",
       "_type": "mydoc",
       "_id": "4",
       "_version": 1,
       "result": "created",
       "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "created": true
    }

--------------------

### 2、GET简单搜索 ###

GET /myindex/mydoc/1

即可返回相应的文档

{
       "_index": "myindex",
       "_type": "mydoc",
       "_id": "1",
       "_version": 1,
       "found": true,
       "_source": {
          "name": "qianran",
          "age": 20,
          "work": "java",
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
       }
    }

--------------------

### 3、GET搜索所有文档 ###

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search

即可返回所有文档

{
       "took": 168,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 4,
          "max_score": 1,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "lucy",
                   "age": 22,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "xixi.."
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "qianran",
                   "age": 20,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "jay",
                   "age": 23,
                   "work": "C++",
                   "about": "happy.."
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 4、GET条件搜索 ###

使用\_search端点，并将查询本身赋值给参数q

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search?q=work:java

即可返回work是java的文档

{
       "took": 61,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 3,
          "max_score": 0.2876821,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "qianran",
                   "age": 20,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "lucy",
                   "age": 22,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "xixi.."
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 5、GET表达式搜索 ###

它支持构建更加复杂和健壮的查询

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match": {
                "work":"java"
            }
        }
    }

即可返回work是java的文档

{
       "took": 17,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 3,
          "max_score": 0.2876821,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "qianran",
                   "age": 20,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "lucy",
                   "age": 22,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "xixi.."
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 6、GET表达式搜索多条件 ###

work:java       age大于25

gt：\_great than 表示大于

**当然还有许多，如下：**

eq相等   ne、neq不相等，   gt大于， lt小于 gte、ge大于等于   lte、le 小于等于   not非   mod求模   is \[not\] div by是否能被某数整除   is \[not\] even是否为偶数   is \[not\] even by $b即($a / $b) % 2 == 0   is \[not\] odd是否为奇   is not odd by $b即($a / $b) % 2 != 0

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "bool": {
                "must": {
                    "match" : {
                        "work" : "java" 
                    }
                },
                "filter": {
                    "range" : {
                        "age" : { "gt" : 25 } 
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

即可返回age大于25，并且work是java的文档

{
       "took": 70,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 1,
          "max_score": 0.18232156,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.18232156,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 7、GET全文搜索 ###

在全文中搜索某句，得到文档结果 结果会有\_score属性，即相关性得分，得到分数越高，匹配程度越高

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match": {
                "about":"climbing"
            }
        }
    }

即可返回about属性中有climbing的文档，并且有\_score属性来显示相关性得分

{
       "took": 23,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 2,
          "max_score": 0.5565415,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.5565415,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             },
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.26742277,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "qianran",
                   "age": 20,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 8、GET短语搜索 ###

精确搜索某短语，需要将match改成match\_phrase

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match_phrase": {
                "about":"I want"
            }
        }
    }

即可返回有about中有I want，如果是全文搜索，只要有I的也会被搜索出来，这就是短语搜索和全文搜素的区别

{
       "took": 28,
       "timed_out": false,
       "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "failed": 0
       },
       "hits": {
          "total": 1,
          "max_score": 1.113083,
          "hits": [
             {
                "_index": "myindex",
                "_type": "mydoc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.113083,
                "_source": {
                   "name": "linjie",
                   "age": 29,
                   "work": "java",
                   "about": "I want to climbing"
                }
             }
          ]
       }
    }

--------------------

### 9、GET高亮搜索 ###

让用户知道为何该文档符合查询结果

GET /myindex/mydoc/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match": {
                "about":"I want"
            }
        },
        "highlight": {
            "fields": {
                "about":{}
            }
        }
    }

即可返回有I  或者有want 的文档，并且通过标签进行高亮

{
 "took": 56,
 "timed_out": false,
 "_shards": {
 "total": 5,
 "successful": 5,
 "failed": 0
 },
 "hits": {
 "total": 2,
 "max_score": 1.113083,
 "hits": [
 {
 "_index": "myindex",
 "_type": "mydoc",
 "_id": "2",
 "_score": 1.113083,
 "_source": {
 "name": "linjie",
 "age": 29,
 "work": "java",
 "about": "I want to climbing"
 },
 "highlight": {
 "about": [
 "I want to climbing"
 ]
 }
 },
 {
 "_index": "myindex",
 "_type": "mydoc",
 "_id": "1",
 "_score": 0.26742277,
 "_source": {
 "name": "qianran",
 "age": 20,
 "work": "java",
 "about": "I love to go rock climbing"
 },
 "highlight": {
 "about": [
 "I love to go rock climbing"
 ]
 }
 }
 ]
 }
 }

--------------------

以上就是ES的简单搜索

[https_www.cnblogs.com_cnjavahome_p_9124584.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/cnjavahome/p/9124584.html
[70]: /images/20220515/92f0b6d5add04b8c8a9d33f770fb2e66.png