Vim 命令小抄

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-05-19 00:39 382阅读 0赞

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:middle;">Vim 命令小抄</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top;">original card by Laurent Gregoires&nbsp;<br> redesign by brohan</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">基本移动</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">插入模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">撤消，重做</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">h l j k</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">左/右&nbsp;移动一个字符；上/下&nbsp;移动一行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^Vc&nbsp;^Vn</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">插入字符&nbsp;c&nbsp;的本义/十进制值&nbsp;n</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">u U</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">撤销最近的改动&nbsp;/&nbsp;恢复最近被改动的行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">b w</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向&nbsp;左/右&nbsp;移动一个单词</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^A</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">插入最近插入的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">. ^R</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">重复最近的改动&nbsp;/&nbsp;重做最近撤销的改动</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">ge e</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向&nbsp;左/右&nbsp;移动一个单词（光标在词尾）</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^@</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">插入最近插入的文本，并退出插入模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n.</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">重复最近的改动&nbsp;n&nbsp;次</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">{ }</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到&nbsp;前一个/后一个&nbsp;段落开头</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^Rx</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">原样插入寄存器&nbsp;x&nbsp;的内容</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">寄存器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">( )</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到&nbsp;前一个/后一个&nbsp;句子开头</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^N ^P</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">补全关键字并作&nbsp;正向/反向&nbsp;查找</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">0 gm</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到&nbsp;行首/行正中</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^W</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除光标前的单词</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">qc&nbsp;qC</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">记录键入的字符，存入/添加到&nbsp;寄存器&nbsp;c</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^ $</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到行&nbsp;第一个非空白字符/行尾</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^U</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除当前行光标前所有输入的字符</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">q</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">停止记录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">nG&nbsp;ngg</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到第&nbsp;n&nbsp;行，默认到&nbsp;尾行/首行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^D ^T</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">左移/右移&nbsp;一个缩进位</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">@c</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">执行寄存器&nbsp;c&nbsp;的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n%</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到文件的&nbsp;n&nbsp;百分比处</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^KC1C2</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">输入&nbsp;\C1,C2\&nbsp;代表的二合字母</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">@@</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">重复上次的&nbsp;@c&nbsp;操作</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n|</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到当前行的第&nbsp;n&nbsp;列</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^Oc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在临时命令模式执行命令&nbsp;c</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:@c</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将寄存器&nbsp;c&nbsp;的内容当作&nbsp;Ex&nbsp;命令来执行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">nH&nbsp;nL</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到窗口&nbsp;顶端/底部&nbsp;第&nbsp;n&nbsp;行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^X^E</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向上滚动一行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rg/p/c</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中找到匹配内容&nbsp;p&nbsp;时执行&nbsp;Ex&nbsp;命令&nbsp;c</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">%</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">匹配下一个项目（括号、方括号等……）</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^X^Y</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向下滚动一行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">复合移动</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">M</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到窗口的中间行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">&lt;esc&gt; ^[</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">结束插入模式，回到命令模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">编辑修改</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">复制</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">- +</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">上移/下移&nbsp;一行，至第一个非空白字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">B W</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向&nbsp;前/后&nbsp;移动一个字串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">i a</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在光标&nbsp;前/后&nbsp;插入文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">"x</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">指定下次删除、抽出和放置使用寄存器&nbsp;x</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gE E</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向&nbsp;前/后&nbsp;移动一个字串（光标在末尾）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">I A</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在&nbsp;行首/行尾&nbsp;插入文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:reg</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">显示所有寄存器的内容</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n_</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">下移&nbsp;n-1&nbsp;行，至第一个非空白字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gI</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在第一列插入文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:reg&nbsp;x</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">显示寄存器&nbsp;x&nbsp;的内容</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">g0</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到屏幕行第一个字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">o O</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在光标的&nbsp;下方/上方&nbsp;插入新行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">ym</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">抽出动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">g^ g$</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到屏幕行&nbsp;第一个非空白字符/最后一个字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">rc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">把光标下的字符换成&nbsp;c</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">yy or Y</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">抽出整&nbsp;行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gk gj</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">上移/下移&nbsp;一个屏幕行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">grc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">类似&nbsp;r，但替换的是虚拟字符</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">p P</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">放置寄存器内容到光标&nbsp;之后/之前</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">fc&nbsp;Fc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到&nbsp;后一个/前一个&nbsp;字符&nbsp;c&nbsp;处</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">R</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">进入替换模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">]p [P</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">类似&nbsp;"p" "P"，但调整当前行的缩进</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">tc Tc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">移动到&nbsp;后一个/前一个&nbsp;字符&nbsp;c&nbsp;之前</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gR</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">类似&nbsp;R，但替换的是虚拟字符</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gp gP</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">类似&nbsp;"p" "P"，光标停留在新文本之后</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">; ,</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">正向/反向&nbsp;重复上次&nbsp;"f"、"F"、"t"&nbsp;或&nbsp;"T"&nbsp;命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">cm</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">更改动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">复杂改动</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[[ ]]</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;一小节，置于小节的开始</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">CC or S</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">更改当前行的内容</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[] ][</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;一小节，置于小节的末尾</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">C</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">更改光标到行尾的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">g?m</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">对动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的文本做&nbsp;rot13&nbsp;编码</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[( ])</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;至未闭合的&nbsp;'(' / ')'</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">s</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">更改一个字符并进入插入模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n^A&nbsp;n^X</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">光标之上或之后的数值或者字母&nbsp;+n/-n</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[{ ]}</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;至未闭合的&nbsp;'{' / '}'</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">~</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">切换当前字符大小写，同时光标前移</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gqm</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">格式化动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的所有行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[m ]m</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;至java method的开始</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">g~m</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">切换动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越文本的大小写</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rce&nbsp;w</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中的行依据宽度&nbsp;w&nbsp;居中对齐</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[# ]#</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;至未闭合的&nbsp;#if,&nbsp;#else,&nbsp;#endif</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gum&nbsp;gUm</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">小写/大写&nbsp;动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rle&nbsp;i</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中的行靠左对齐，缩进&nbsp;i&nbsp;列</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">[* ]*</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;至注释的&nbsp;开始/结束&nbsp;/* */</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">&lt;m&nbsp;&gt;m</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">左移/右移&nbsp;动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rri&nbsp;w</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中的行依据宽度&nbsp;w&nbsp;靠右对齐</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">查找替换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n&lt;&lt;&nbsp;n&gt;&gt;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将&nbsp;n&nbsp;行&nbsp;左移/右移&nbsp;一个缩进位</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">!mc</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的行用命令&nbsp;c&nbsp;过滤</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">删除</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n!!c</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将&nbsp;n&nbsp;行用命令&nbsp;c&nbsp;过滤</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">/s&nbsp;?s</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向前/向后&nbsp;查找&nbsp;s</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:r!c</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中的行用命令&nbsp;c&nbsp;过滤</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">/s/o&nbsp;?s/o</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向前/向后&nbsp;查找&nbsp;s，光标偏移量&nbsp;o</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">x X</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除光标&nbsp;后/前&nbsp;的字符</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">可视模式</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">n or /</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向前重复上次查找</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">dm</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除动作&nbsp;m&nbsp;跨越的文本</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">N or ?</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后重复上次查找</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">dd D</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除&nbsp;当前行/到行尾</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">v V</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">以&nbsp;字符/行&nbsp;方式开始（结束）高亮</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;"># *</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">向后/向前&nbsp;查找光标下的标识符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">J gJ</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">连接两行&nbsp;删除缩进、插入空格/直接连接</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">^V</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">以列块方式开始（结束）高亮</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">g# g*</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">同&nbsp;"#" / "*"，但也查找部分匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rd</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;包括的行</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">o</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">交换高亮区域的开始处和光标位置</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gd gD</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">跳转到光标下标识符的&nbsp;局部/全局&nbsp;声明</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rdx</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">删除范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;包括的行到寄存器&nbsp;x</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">gv</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">使用上一次的可视区域开始高亮</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rs/f/t/x</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">将范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中的&nbsp;f&nbsp;替换成&nbsp;t&nbsp;<br> 选项&nbsp;x：&nbsp;g-所有匹配项,&nbsp;c-确认替换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">aw as ap</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">选择&nbsp;"一个单词" / "一个句子" / "一个段落"</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">ab aB</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">选择&nbsp;"一个块" ( ) / "一个大块" { }</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">:rs&nbsp;x</td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:middle;">在新的范围&nbsp;r&nbsp;中以选项&nbsp;x&nbsp;重复上一替换</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>