学习C#高级编程之Socket编程

电玩女神 2022-05-19 05:11 379阅读 0赞

一个简单的服务器端和客户端程序

服务器端

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _026_socket编程_TCP协议
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //1.创建socket
                Socket tcpServer = new Socket
                    (AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
                //对应属性分别是内网，流数据以及Tcp协议
                //2.绑定ip和端口号   172.16.1.102
                IPAddress ipaddress = new IPAddress(new byte[] {172,16,1,102});//获取ip地址
                EndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ipaddress,7788);//IPEndPoint是对ip+端口做了一次封装的类
                tcpServer.Bind(point);//向操作系统申请一个可用的ip跟端口号 用来做通信
                //3.开始监听（等待客户端连接）
                tcpServer.Listen(100);//参数是最大连接数
                Console.WriteLine("开始监听");
    
                Socket clientSocket = tcpServer.Accept();//暂停当前线程，直到有一个客户端连接过来，之后进行下面的代码
                //使用返回的socket跟客户端做通信
    
                Console.WriteLine("一个客户端连接过来了");
                string message = "hello 欢迎你";
                byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);//对字符串做编码，得到一个字符串的字节数组
                clientSocket.Send(data);
    
                Console.WriteLine("向客户端发送了一条数据");
                byte[] data2 = new byte[1024];//创建一个字节数组用来当做容器，去承接客户端发送过来的数据
                int length = clientSocket.Receive(data2);
                string message2 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data2, 0, length);//把字节数据转换成一个字符串
                Console.WriteLine("接收到了一个从客户端发送来的消息:" + message2);
    
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

客户端

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _001_socket编程_tcp协议_客户端
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //1.创建socket
                Socket tcpClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
    
                //2.发起建立连接的请求
                IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("172.16.1.102");//可以把一个字符串的IP地址转化成一个ipaddress的
                //对象
                EndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ipaddress,7788); 
                tcpClient.Connect(point);//通过ip:端口号  定位一个要连接到的服务器端
    
                byte[] data = new byte[1024];
                int length = tcpClient.Receive(data);//这里传递一个byte数组，实际上这个data数组用来接收数据
                //length返回值表示接收了多少字节的数据
                string message =  Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data,0,length);//只把接收到的数据做一个转化
                Console.WriteLine(message);
    
                //向服务器端发送消息
                string message2 = Console.ReadLine();//读取用户的输入 把输入发送到服务器端
                tcpClient.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message2));//把字符串转化成字节数组，然后发送到服务器端
    
    
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

服务器端结果

![70][]

客户端结果

![70 1][]

聊天室\_socket\_tcp服务器端

Client.cs用来和客户端做通信，处理客户端来的消息

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _027_聊天室_socket_tcp服务器端
    {
        //用来和客户端做通信
        class Client
        {
            private Socket clientSocket;
            private Thread t;
            private byte[] data = new byte[1024];//数据容器
    
            public Client(Socket s)
            {
                clientSocket = s;
                //启动一个线程 处理客户端的数据接收
                Thread t = new Thread(ReceiveMessage);
                t.Start();
            }
    
            private void ReceiveMessage()
            {
                //一直接收客户端的数据
                while (true)
                {
                    //在接收数据之前 判断一下socket链接是否断开
                    if(clientSocket.Poll(10, SelectMode.SelectRead))
                    {
                        clientSocket.Close();
                        break;//跳出循环 终止线程的执行
                    }
                    int length = clientSocket.Receive(data);
                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, length);
                    //接收到数据的时候， 要把这个数据分发到客户端
                    //广播这个消息
                    Program.BroadcastMessage(message);
                    Console.WriteLine("收到了消息：" + message);
                }
            }
    
            public void SendMessage(string message)
            {
                byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
                clientSocket.Send(data);
            }
    
            public bool Connected
            {
                get
                {
                    return clientSocket.Connected;
                }
            }
        }
    }

Program.cs

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _027_聊天室_socket_tcp服务器端
    {
        class Program
        {
            static List<Client> clientList = new List<Client>();
            //广播消息
            public static void BroadcastMessage(string message)
            {
                var notConnectedList = new List<Client>();
                foreach (var client in clientList)
                {
                    if(client.Connected)
                        client.SendMessage(message);
                    else
                    {
                        notConnectedList.Add(client);
                    }
                }
                foreach(var temp in notConnectedList)
                {
                    clientList.Remove(temp);
                }
            }
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                Socket tcpServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
                    ProtocolType.Tcp);
                tcpServer.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.184.1"), 7788));
                tcpServer.Listen(100);
                Console.WriteLine("Server running...");
    
                while (true)
                {
                    Socket clientSocket = tcpServer.Accept();
                    Console.WriteLine("a client is connected!");
                    Client client = new Client(clientSocket);//把与每个客户端通信的逻辑（收发消息）
                    //放到client对象里面进行处理
                    clientList.Add(client);
                }
            }
        }
    }

客户端使用unity,界面如下：

![70 2][]

核心代码：

using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using UnityEngine;
    
    public class ChatManager : MonoBehaviour {
    
        public string ipaddress = "192.168.184.1";
        public int port = 7788;
        public UIInput textInput;
        public UILabel chatLabel;
    
        private Socket clientSocket;
        private Thread t;
        private byte[] data = new byte[1024];//数据容器
        private string message = "";//消息容器
        // Use this for initialization
        void Start () {
            ConnectToServer();
    	}
    	
    	// Update is called once per frame
    	void Update () {
            if (message != null && message != "")
            {
                chatLabel.text += "\n" + message;
                message = "";//清空消息
            }
    	}
    
        void ConnectToServer()
        {
            clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            //跟服务器端建立连接
            clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress), port));
    
            //创建一个新的线程 用来接收消息
            t = new Thread(ReceiveMessage);
            t.Start();
        }
        
        //这个线程方法用来循环接收方法
        void ReceiveMessage()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                if (clientSocket.Connected == false)
                    break;
                int length = clientSocket.Receive(data);
                message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, length);
                //chatLabel.text += "\n" + message;
    
            }
            
        }
    
        void SendMessage(string message)
        {
            byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
            clientSocket.Send(data);
        }
    
        public void OnSendButtonClick()
        {
            string value = textInput.value;
            SendMessage(value);
            textInput.value = "";
        }
    
        void OnDestroy()
        {
            clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);//关闭：既不接受，也不发送
            clientSocket.Close();//关闭链接
        }
    }

结果展示如下：

![70 3][]

![70 4][]

UDP协议网络编程

服务器端

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _028_socket编程_UDP协议_服务器端
    {
        class Program
        {
            static Socket udpServer;
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                udpServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
                udpServer.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("172.16.1.102"), 7788));
    
                new Thread(ReceiveMessage) {IsBackground = true }.Start();
    
                //udpServer.Close();
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
    
    
            static void ReceiveMessage()
            {
                //接收数据
                while (true)
                {
                    EndPoint remoteEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
                    byte[] data = new byte[1024];
                    int length = udpServer.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remoteEndPoint);//这个方法会把数据的来源（ip:port)放到第二个参数上
                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, length);
                    Console.WriteLine("从ip:" + (remoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint).Address.ToString() + ":" +
                        (remoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint).Port + "收到了数据：" + message);
                }
            }
        }
    }

客户端

TCP与UDP的区别：

**1.基于连接与无连接；**

**2.对系统资源的要求（TCP较多，UDP少）；**

**3.UDP程序结构较简单；**

**4.流模式与数据报模式 ；**

**5.TCP保证数据正确性，UDP可能丢包，TCP保证数据顺序，UDP不保证。**

TcpListener和TcpClient：两个封装类

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _029_tcplistener
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //1.TcpListener对socket进行了封装，这个类里面自己会去创建socket对象
                TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("172.16.1.102"),7788);
                //2.开始进行监听
                listener.Start();//开始进行监听
    
                //3.等待客户端连接过来
                TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
                //4.取得客户端发送过来的数据
                NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();//得到了一个网络流 从这个网络流可以取得客户端发送过来的数据
                while (true)
                {
                    byte[] data = new byte[1024];//创建一个数据容器，用来承接数据
                    int length = stream.Read(data, 0, 1024);//读取数据
                    //0表示从数组的哪个索引开始存放数据
                    //1024表示最大读取的字节数
                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, 0, length);
                    Console.WriteLine("收到了消息：" + message);
    
                }
                
               
                stream.Close();
                client.Close();
                listener.Stop();
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace tcpclient
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //当我们创建tcpclient对象的时候，就会跟server去建立连接
                TcpClient client = new TcpClient("172.16.1.102",7788);
                NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
                //read用来读写数据，write用来写入数据就是发送数据
                while (true)
                {
                    string message = Console.ReadLine();
                    byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
                    stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                }
                
    
                stream.Close();
                client.Close();
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

UdpClient

服务器端

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _030_UdpClient
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //创建udpclient 绑定ip跟端口号
                UdpClient udpClient = new UdpClient(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("172.16.1.102"),7788));
    
                //接收数据
                IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
                while (true)
                {
                    byte[] data = udpClient.Receive(ref point);//确定point确定数据来自哪个IP的哪个端口号，返回的是一个字节数组，就是我们的数据
                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);
                    Console.WriteLine("收到了消息：" + message);
                }
              
    
                udpClient.Close();
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

客户端

using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace _004_udpclient
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //创建udpclient对象
                UdpClient client = new UdpClient();
    
                while (true)
                {
                    string message = Console.ReadLine();
                    byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
                    client.Send(data, data.Length, new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("172.16.1.102"), 7788));
                }
                client.Close();
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

结果

![70 5][]![70 6][]

[70]: /images/20220519/89608c44dda448bca053fb0121f4aa4d.png
[70 1]: /images/20220519/1e9952224a08458f9f39abb06e6e0417.png
[70 2]: /images/20220519/adf317b95a224b34a63404176bd9285c.png
[70 3]: /images/20220519/4237b24769824a7dba5332cf3a6c98af.png
[70 4]: /images/20220519/0fe5e5572ca74cb3bf3a6d7ed9fe9217.png
[70 5]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180722210534407?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2tvdXpodWFuamluZzE4NDk=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 6]: /images/20220519/d0073df6ac184327b91545fbe357a0ef.png