Pxe+kickstart 无人值守安装centos7.2(最小化)

悠悠 2022-05-23 10:56 550阅读 0赞

**一、PXE解释与工作流程图:**

**1.什么是pxe**

PXE(preboot execute environment，预启动执行环境)是由Intel公司开发的技术，

工作于Client/Server的网络模式，支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，  
并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统，在启动过程中，终端要求服务器分配IP地址，  
再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）或MTFTP(multicast trivial file transfer protocol)  
下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中执行，由这个启动软件包完成终端（客户端）基本软件设置，

从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。

**2.流程图**

![20180607153354487][]

![20180609140547450][]

原理介绍:  
1.Client向PXE Server上的DHCP发送IP地址请求消息，DHCP检测Client是否合法（主要是检测Client的网卡MAC地址），如果合法则返回Client的IP地址，同时将启动文件pxelinux.0的位置信息一并传送给Client  
2.Client向PXE Server上的TFTP发送获取pxelinux.0请求消息，TFTP接收到消息之后再向Client发送pxelinux.0大小信息，试探Client是否满意，当TFTP收到Client发回的同意大小信息之后，正式向Client发送pxelinux.0  
3.Client执行接收到的pxelinux.0文件  
4.Client向TFTP Server发送针对本机的配置信息文件（在TFTP服务的pxelinux.cfg目录下，这是系统菜单文件，格式和isolinux.cfg格式一样，功能也是类似），TFTP将配置文件发回Client，继而Client根据配置文件执行后续操作。  
5.Client向TFTP发送Linux内核请求信息，TFTP接收到消息之后将内核文件发送给Client  
6.Client向TFTP发送根文件请求信息，TFTP接收到消息之后返回Linux根文件系统  
7.Client启动Linux内核  
8.Client下载安装源文件，读取自动化安装脚本

**二、安装步骤：  
1.需要安装的服务**  
①.DHCP  
②.TFTP  
③.HTTP  
④.PXE  
⑤.syslinux  
**2.系统环境**  
**2.1系统版本**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# cat /etc/redhat-release   
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)   
**2.2系统ip**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# ifconfig eno16777736  
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500  
        inet 10.0.0.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255  
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe03:1e48  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link  
**2.3系统内核版本**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# uname -r  
3.10.0-327.el7.x86\_64  
  
  
**3.关闭防火墙与selinux**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl disable firewalld  
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.  
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.  
\[root@liang ~\]\# setenforce 0  
  
  
**4.安装服务，我这里使用的是阿里云的ym源。**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# yum install dhcp httpd tftp-server httpd xinetd -y  
  
**5.创建目录并挂载镜像**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# mkdir /var/www/html/Centos-7.2  
\[root@liang ~\]\# mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/Centos-7.2/  
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only  
  
  
**6.启动http服务**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# rm -f /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf    
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl start httpd  
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl enable httpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

**7.配置tftp**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp   
service tftp  
\{  
        socket\_type             = dgram  
        protocol                = udp  
        wait                    = yes  
        user                    = root  
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd  
        server\_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot  
        disable                 = no(yes改为no)  
        per\_source              = 11  
        cps                     = 100 2  
        flags                   = IPv4  
\}  
**7.1启动tftp服务**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl enable xinetd     
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl start xinetd     
  
**7.2将****pxelinux.0 复制到tftpboot/目录下**

\[root@liang ~\]\# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

**7.3创建pxelinux.cfg目录，将镜像文件拷到/var/lib/tftpboot/目录下**

\[root@liang ~\]\# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg  
\[root@liang ~\]\# cp /var/www/html/Centos-7.2/isolinux/\* /var/lib/tftpboot/  
\[root@liang ~\]\# cp /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default  
  
  
**8.配置dhcp**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example >>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   
\[root@liang ~\]\# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   
 45 subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0\{  
 46   range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;  
 47   option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;  
 48   next-server 10.0.0.134;  
 49   filename "pxelinux.0";  
 50 \}  
**8.1启动dhcp服务**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl start dhcpd

\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl enable dhcpd

**9.配置ks.cfg文件**  
\[root@liang ~\]\# yum install system-config-kickstart -y  
**9.1安装完成后，在桌面环境下，执行system-config-kickstart开始配置ks.cfg文件**

\[root@liang ~\]\# system-config-kickstart

![20180607154517903][]

**9.2配置时区与登录密码**

![20180607154526794][]

**9.3镜像挂载的http地址**

![20180607154715927][]

**9.4后面的不再多做解释，没有截图的即是不需要配置**

![20180607154904930][]

![20180607154947537][]

![20180607154956207][]

![20180607155002596][]

![20180607155011336][]

![20180607155018791][]

**9.5将ks文件复制到/var/www/html/目录下**

\[root@liang ~\]\# cp ks2.cfg /var/www/html/

**在ks文件最后添加（最小化安装）**  
     39 %packages --nobase  
     40   
     41 @core  
     42

43 %end

**通过网址验证：**

![20180607155025880][]

**10.修改default文件（修改大概第64行，并删除大概第69行的“menu default”）**

\[root@liang ~\]\# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default   
 61 label linux  
 62   menu label ^Install CentOS 7  
 63   kernel vmlinuz  
 64   append initrd=initrd.img repo=http://10.0.0.134/Centos-7.2/ ks=http://10.0.0.134/ks2.cfg  
 65   
 66 label check  
   
 67   menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS 7  
 68   kernel vmlinuz  
 69   append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\\x207\\x20x86\_64 rd.live.check quiet

**11.重启服务**

\[root@liang ~\]\# systemctl restart xinetd dhcpd httpd

**12.创建虚拟机测试**

**![20180607160047344][]**

**![20180607160055829][]**

**![20180607160108142][]**

**![20180607160123233][]**

**![20180607160132497][]**

**因为我的服务端使用的是nat地址转换网络模式，所以客户机也设置一样**

**![20180607160142373][]**

**![2018060716025554][]**

**![20180607160306527][]**

**13.ks文件配置**

\[root@liang ~\]\# cat /var/www/html/ks2.cfg      
\#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T  
\#version=DEVEL  
\# Install OS instead of upgrade  
install  
\# Keyboard layouts  
keyboard 'us'  
\# Root password  
rootpw --iscrypted $1$4PiIy2LI$sfi.D9Pn4VueLuayH1sRF/  
\# System timezone  
timezone Asia/Shanghai  
\# Use network installation  
url --url="http://10.0.0.134/Centos-7.2/"  
\# System language  
lang en\_US  
\# Firewall configuration  
firewall --disabled  
\# System authorization information  
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512  
\# Use graphical install  
graphical  
firstboot --disable  
\# SELinux configuration  
selinux --disabled  
  
  
\# Network information  
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0  
\# Reboot after installation  
reboot  
\# System bootloader configuration  
bootloader --location=mbr  
\# Clear the Master Boot Record  
zerombr  
\# Partition clearing information  
clearpart --all --initlabel  
\# Disk partitioning information  
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=200  
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096  
part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1  
  
  
%packages --nobase   
  
  
@core   
  
  
%end

**借鉴博客：https://blog.csdn.net/ghost\_leader/article/details/52985811**

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