octave使用入门及使用指南

我就是我 2022-05-23 12:37 743阅读 0赞

octave相较于MATLAB是有开源免费的的优势。

> 首先，octave命令直接进入环境  
> 加减乘除和其他语言等同理  
> ![这里写图片描述][70]  
> ![这里写图片描述][70 1]

% 是注释 1 ~= 2 是表示1不等于2，这个和其他语言不同 xor(1,0) 是表示异或

![这里写图片描述][70 2]  
![这里写图片描述][70 3]

PS1('>>'); 表示换命令提示符。其中单引号中的内容可换成自己习惯用的任意符号。

octave:1> PS1('~~');
    ~~PS1('>>');
    >>a = 3  % 把3赋值给a
    a =  3
    >>a = 3;  % 加分号会阻止输出
    >>b = 'abc'; % 字符串赋值
    >>b  % 输出b
    b = abc
    >>c = (3>=4);  % c赋为假值
    >>c
    c = 0
    >>a = pi;  % 圆周率π
    >>a
    a =  3.1416
    >>disp(a);  % 特殊输出
     3.1416
    octave:2> disp(sprintf(' 2 decimals: %0.2f', a)) % 自定义格式输出
     2 decimals: 3.14
    octave:3> disp(sprintf(' 6 decimals: %0.6f', a)) % 六位小数输出
     6 decimals: 3.141593
    octave:4> format long  % 长型输出
    octave:5> a
    a =  3.14159265358979
    octave:6> format short  % 短型输出
    octave:7> a
    a =  3.1416
    octave:1> A = [1 2; 3 4; 5 6]  %矩阵赋值
    A =
    
       1   2
       3   4
       5   6
    
    octave:1> A = [1 2;  % 另一种定义矩阵的方式
    > 3 4;
    > 5 6]
    A =
    
       1   2
       3   4
       5   6
    
    octave:2> V = [1 2 3]  % 定义一个行向量或3*1矩阵
    V =
    
       1   2   3
    
    octave:3> V = [1; 2; 3]  % 定义一个列向量或1*3矩阵
    V =
    
       1
       2
       3
    
    octave:4> V = 1:0.1:2  % 定义一个行向量从1开始到2，间距为0.1（1*11矩阵）
    V =
    
     Columns 1 through 8:
    
        1.0000    1.1000    1.2000    1.3000    1.4000    1.5000    1.6000    1.7000
    
     Columns 9 through 11:
    
        1.8000    1.9000    2.0000
    
    octave:1> V = 1:6  % 定义一个行向量或6*1矩阵，octave默认间距为1
    V =
    
       1   2   3   4   5   6
    
    octave:2> ones(2,3)  % 生成一个2*3矩阵，默认所有元素为1
    ans =
    
       1   1   1
       1   1   1
    
    octave:3> C = 2*ones(2,3)  % 生成一个2*3矩阵，设置所有元素为2
    C =
    
       2   2   2
       2   2   2
    
    octave:4> C = [2 2 2; 2 2 2]
    C =
    
       2   2   2
       2   2   2
    
    octave:5> W = zeros(1,3)
    W =
    
       0   0   0
    
    octave:6> W = rand(1,3)  % 生成随机矩阵或向量（所有项的值介于0-1）
    W =
    
       0.24500   0.59770   0.99636
    
    octave:1> rand(3,3)  % 生成随机矩阵或向量（所有项的值介于0-1）
    ans =
    
       0.74228   0.20606   0.61900
       0.33074   0.43885   0.29686
       0.89678   0.10433   0.73303
    
    octave:2> W = randn(1,3)  % 服从高斯分布（均值为0，标准差或者方差为1）
    W =
    
       0.36618   0.67564  -1.44800
    
    octave:5> W = -6 + sqrt(10)*(randn(1,10))  % 复杂的
    W =
    
     Columns 1 through 8:
    
       -3.4220   -7.7356   -1.9949  -10.4508   -5.2208   -5.6821   -6.6212   -6.5277
    
     Columns 9 and 10:
    
       -7.6240  -10.2428
    
    octave:5> hist(w)  % 绘制直方图
    octave:6> hist(w,50)
    octave:1> eye(4)  % 生成4*4的单位矩阵
    ans =
    
    Diagonal Matrix
    
       1   0   0   0
       0   1   0   0
       0   0   1   0
       0   0   0   1
    
    octave:2> I =eye(4)
    I =
    
    Diagonal Matrix
    
       1   0   0   0
       0   1   0   0
       0   0   1   0
       0   0   0   1
    
    octave:5> help eye  % 显示单位矩阵的帮助函数，q键退出
    'eye' is a built-in function from the file libinterp/corefcn/data.cc
    
     -- Built-in Function: eye (N)
     -- Built-in Function: eye (M, N)
     -- Built-in Function: eye ([M N])
     -- Built-in Function: eye (..., CLASS)
         Return an identity matrix.
    
         If invoked with a single scalar argument N, return a square NxN
         identity matrix.
    
         If supplied two scalar arguments (M, N), 'eye' takes them to be the
         number of rows and columns.  If given a vector with two elements,
         'eye' uses the values of the elements as the number of rows and
         columns, respectively.  For example:
    
              eye (3)
               =>  1  0  0
                   0  1  0
                   0  0  1
    
         The following expressions all produce the same result:
    
              eye (2)
              ==
              eye (2, 2)
              ==
              eye (size ([1, 2; 3, 4]))
    
         The optional argument CLASS, allows 'eye' to return an array of the
         specified type, like
    
              val = zeros (n,m, "uint8")
    root@iZwz90nfcu1g26zyib2289Z:~# help help % 显示help命令的帮助文档
    help: help [-dms] [pattern ...]
        Display information about builtin commands.
    
        Displays brief summaries of builtin commands.  If PATTERN is
        specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,
        otherwise the list of help topics is printed.
    
        Options:
          -d    output short description for each topic
          -m    display usage in pseudo-manpage format
          -s    output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching
            PATTERN
    
        Arguments:
          PATTERN   Pattern specifiying a help topic
    
        Exit Status:
        Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.

[70]: /images/20220523/3225b01078a94464a495415e3d83b902.png
[70 1]: /images/20220523/364102368a9a4ca789655ddffe798ccb.png
[70 2]: /images/20220523/270d24c7259649bc9b9688b500dc1cb8.png
[70 3]: /images/20220523/65358acd529540b7a1f244cde715f3e1.png