[乐意黎]Centos 7 安装 MySQL 5.7.31填坑记

怼烎@ 2022-05-25 07:40 167阅读 0赞

## **安装前检查** ##

若不需要新安装, 请忽略以下.  
执行以下命令检查系统中是否存在使用rpm安装的MySQL或者MariaDB。

rpm -qa | grep mysql
    rpm -qa | grep mariadb

如果已经安装，则运行以下任一个命令删除。

rpm -e 软件名 #注意：这里的软件名必须包含软件的版本信息，如rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64。一般使用此命令即可卸载成功。
    rpm -e --nodeps 软件名 #卸载不成功时使用此命令强制卸载

卸载后，再用 `rpm -qa|grep mariadb` 或者 `rpm -qa|grep mysql` 查看结果。

![201805101440434][]

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**1. Mysql **地址: [https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz][https_dev.mysql.com_get_Downloads_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz]

**Mysql用户组及用户名: mysql  
Mysql安装路径: /usr/local/mysql**

[root@aerchi-centos ~] cd /usr/local/src
    [root@aerchi-centos src] wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@aerchi-centos src]# groupadd mysql
    [root@aerchi-centos src]# useradd -g mysql mysql
    [root@aerchi-centos src]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
    [root@aerchi-centos src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    
    [root@VM-0-16-centos mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
    [root@VM-0-16-centos mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cp -a /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql

若有需要, 还须安装以下插件.

yum -y install autoconf
    yum -y install numactl.x86_64

**2. MySQL 服务**

把mysql.server文件复制到系统启动：

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

其它:

# groupadd mysql
    # useradd -r -g mysql mysql
    # chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
    # mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
    # chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

增加服务: chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

**3、增加mysqld服务控制脚本执行权限**

[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

**4、将mysqld服务加入到系统服务**

[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

**5、检查mysqld服务是否已经生效**

[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

命令输出类似下面的结果:

mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

**将mysql的bin目录加入PATH环境变量**

[root@VM_0_16_centos lib]# vim ~/.bash_profile

在文件最后添加如下信息:`export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin` ，`wq`保存并退出  
使配置文件即时生效：

[root@VM_0_16_centos lib]# source ~/.bash_profile

**8、登录mysql**

[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p

**9、查找密码:**

\[root@aerchi-centos src\]\# grep -i password /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.err  
2020-09-30T07:04:21.774141Z 1 \[Note\] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: qpjw2,+1QdpA

--------------------

## 错误解决: ##

### 1. error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ###

**yum install libncurses\***

### 2.  mysqld\_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid ended ###

### 3.ERROR! MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql) exists ###

**rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/mysql**

### 4.**Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid).** ###

修改 my.cnf

[mysqld]
    bind-address=0.0.0.0
    port=3306
    user=mysql
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    socket  = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock
    log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.err
    pid-file =/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
    #character config
    character_set_server=utf8mb4
    symbolic-links=0
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

初始化数据库:

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --initialize

启动:   /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start

查看状态: /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql status

### 5.ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2) ###

**解决方法:  
1. 建立软链接  
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock**

**2. 在 /etc/my.cnf 里加入**

**socket  = /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock**  
过程如下:

[root@aerchi-centos bin]# ./mysql start
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# rm /tmp/mysql.sock
    rm: remove symbolic link '/tmp/mysql.sock'? y
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# ./mysql start
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# mysql --socket=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock' (2)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# ./mysql start
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
    [rootaerchi-centos bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# ./mysql start
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# mysql
    ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# service mysql restart
     ERROR! MySQL server process #19726 is not running!
    Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# mysql
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    [root@aerchi-centos bin]# mysql -uaerchi -pqpjw2,+1QdpAE
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.31
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

--------------------

**乐意黎  
20200930**

[201805101440434]: /images/20220525/3fe9408be29d459c881bae70f083819e.png
[https_dev.mysql.com_get_Downloads_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz]: https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz