Springboot 单元测试注解报错 或 注入失败

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-05-26 06:22 1258阅读 1赞

今天做单元测试遇到一个问题，报错信息如下：

  1. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test
  2.     at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:70)
  3.     at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:202)
  4.     at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:137)
  5.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:409)
  6.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:323)
  7.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:277)
  8.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:112)
  9.     at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:82)
  10.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:120)
  11.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:105)
  12.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:152)
  13.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:143)
  14.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
  15.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
  16.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
  17.     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
  18.     at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
  19.     at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
  20.     at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
  21.     at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
  22.     at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
  23.     at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
  24.     at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
  25.     at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
  26.     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
  27.     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
  28.     at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

报错信息提示：找不到 @SpringConfiguration 注解，添加了这个注解后，又报下面的错误：

  1. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.mljr.acs.pay.statistic.service.ReportQueryPayFacade' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
  2.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493)
  3.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
  4.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)
  5.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)

最后在网上查到了答案：https://blog.csdn.net/leigh_/article/details/69409488（感谢博主分享）

其实就是 Springboot 项目的启动类 和 单元测试类的包名必须相同，如下所示：
这里写图片描述

红框部分的包名必须相同，我的不相同，所以报错了，改为同一个就好了。

下面附单元测试的代码：
单元测试pom：

  1. <dependency>
  2.      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3.      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  4.      <scope>test</scope>
  5.  </dependency>

定义一个测试基类：

  1. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  2. @SpringBootTest
  3. public abstract class BaseTest {
  5. }

而后其他的测试类继承该类就可以了，非常方便。

业务测试类：

  1. public class SettleFacadeTest extends BaseTest{
  3.     @Resource
  4.     ISettleQueryFacade settleQueryFacade;
  6.     @Test
  7.     public void queryDetailList(){
  8.         List<SettleDetail> detailList = settleQueryFacade.queryDetailList();     
  9.     }
  10. }

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