如何解决Java变量的可见性问题?

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-05-27 04:14 251阅读 0赞

博文前提

最近在oschina问答板块看到了一个关于java变量在工作内存和主存中的可见性问题：[synchorized,sleep 也能达到volatile 线程可见性的目的?][synchorized_sleep _volatile],大致的问题描述如下：

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      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">Thread(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">Runnable()&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#808080;">@Override</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">public</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">run()&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">i&nbsp;=&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">0</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">while</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">(test1.is){ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">i++;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">1</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//synchronized&nbsp;(this)&nbsp;{&nbsp;}&nbsp;会强制刷新主内存的变量值到线程栈?</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">2</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//System.out.println("1");&nbsp;println&nbsp;是synchronized&nbsp;的,会强制刷新主内存的变量值到线程栈?</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">3</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//sleep&nbsp;会从新load主内存的值?&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(1);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}catch&nbsp;(InterruptedException&nbsp;e)&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.printStackTrace();&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}).start();</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">try</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">1</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">catch</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">(InterruptedException&nbsp;e)&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">e.printStackTrace();&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">Thread(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">Runnable()&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#808080;">@Override</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">public</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">run()&nbsp;{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">is&nbsp;=&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">false</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);">//设置is为false，使上面的线程结束while循环</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}).start();</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

问： 为什么整个程序不会终止？ 为什么取消注释中的任何一个代码块(1，2，3)，程序才会终止？synchronized 会强制刷新住内存的变量值到线程栈? sleep 会干什么呢？

### 涉及知识解释 ###

*  volatile：此关键字保证了变量在线程的可见性，所有线程访问由volatile修饰的变量，都必须从主存中读取后操作，并在工作内存修改后立即写回主存，保证了其他线程的可见性，同样效果的关键字还有final。
 *  synchronized：所有同步操作都必须保证 1、原子性 2、可见性，所以在同步块中发生的变化会立马写回主存
 *  sleep：此方法只会让出CPU执行时间，并不会释放锁。

### 问题分析 ###

Q1：为什么注释代码后程序不会终止？

A1：因为 boolean is=true 的变量值被前面线程（简称线程A）加载到自己的工作内存，在后面的线程（简称线程B）改变 boolean is=false 之后不一定会立马写入主存(不过这道题中应该会马上写入主存，因为线程执行完 is=false之后线程就要退出了)，即便立马写入了主存后线程A也不一定马上load到工作内存中，所以程序一直不会终止？这个是我们大多数人想到的，但其实JVM针对现在的硬件水平已经做了很大程度的优化，基本上很大程度的保障了工作内存和主内存的及时同步，相当于默认使用了volatile。但只是最大程度！在CPU资源一直被占用的时候，工作内存与主内存中间的同步，也就是变量的可见性就会不那么及时！后面会验证结论。

Q2：为什么取消注释中的任何一个代码块(1，2，3)，程序才会终止？

A2：行号为1、2的代码有一个共同特点，就是都涉及到了synchronized 同步锁，那么是否像提问作者猜想的那样`synchronized会强制刷新主内存的变量值到线程栈？`，`以及sleep方法也会刷新主存的变量值到线程栈呢？`，事实上我们前面说了synchronized只会保证在`同步块`中的变量的可见性，而`is`变量并不在该同步块中，所以显然不是这个导致的。接下来我们在代码`i++;`后面加上以下代码：

<table style="border-spacing:0px;width:620px;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;"> 
  <tr style="border-top:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;"> 
   <td style="border-width:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;width:auto;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(175,175,175);"> 
    <div style="border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108);margin:0px;padding:0px .5em 0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;text-align:right;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;">
      1 
    </div> 
    <div style="border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108);margin:0px;padding:0px .5em 0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;text-align:right;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;">
      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108);margin:0px;padding:0px .5em 0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;text-align:right;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;">
      3 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="width:592px;border-width:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:12px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;"> 
    <div style="margin-left:-10px;width:640px;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;"> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">for</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">k=</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">0</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">;k&lt;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,153,0);">100000</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">;k++){ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,102,153);">new</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">Object();</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em;background-image:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;white-space:pre;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;background:none;float:none;height:auto;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;width:auto;min-height:auto;color:#000000;">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

再Run，程序立刻终止！为什么？在上面的 A1 中我们已经说了即便有JVM的优化，但当CPU一直被占用的时候，数据的可见性得不到很好的保证，就像上面的程序一直循环做`i++;运算`占用CPU，而为什么加上上面的代码后程序就会停止呢？因为对于大量new Object()操作来说，CPU已经不是主要占时间的操作，真正的耗时应该在内存的分配上`（因为CPU的处理速度明显快过内存，不然也不会有CPU的寄存器了）`，所以CPU空闲后会遵循JVM优化基准，尽可能快的保证数据的可见性，从而从主存同步is变量到工作内存，最终导致程序结束，这也是为什么`sleep()`方法虽然没有涉及同步操作，但是依然可以使程序终止，因为`sleep()`方法会释放CPU，但不释放锁！

转自: [https://my.oschina.net/ambitor/blog/661907?fromerr=hklzCyc2][https_my.oschina.net_ambitor_blog_661907_fromerr_hklzCyc2]

[synchorized_sleep _volatile]: http://www.oschina.net/question/858822_2169470
[https_my.oschina.net_ambitor_blog_661907_fromerr_hklzCyc2]: https://my.oschina.net/ambitor/blog/661907?fromerr=hklzCyc2