Mac OpenCV 修改dylib的默认链接位置 : Library not loaded … Reason: Image not loaded

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-05-27 07:22 272阅读 0赞

`在MAC OS X系统下，当我们尝试运行一个可执行文件时，会得到以下错误:`

dyld: Library not loaded: libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib
      Referenced from: /Users/name/Desktop/project/client"
      Reason: image not found
    Trace/BPT trap:5

首先 cd 到可执行件./client所在目录：$ otool -L client ,输出如下：

client:
    	@rpath/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_ml.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	/usr/local/lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib (compatibility version 12.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    	/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 307.5.0)
    	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1238.60.2)

由与OpenCV的安装后的动态链接库 可执行程序搜索不到，就回报以上错误，这就需要将“@rpath/libopencv\_dnn.3.3.dylib ” 用真实的动态库所在路径去修复并替代，使其指引到真实库上。假设我的OpenCV的动态就在当前目录下的./lib/目录下，只需执行：$ install\_name\_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv\_dnn.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv\_dnn.3.3.dylib client 。

然后在执行：$ otool -L client ,即可修正动态链接库的路径，显示如下：

client:
    	./lib/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_ml.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	/usr/local/lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib (compatibility version 12.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    	/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 307.5.0)
    	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1238.60.2)

按照此方式修正所有的链接库路径，当我们再去执行时还会报错的，因为libopencv\_dnn.3.3.dylib 等依赖了其他的OpenCV动态库，执行：$otool -L ./lib/libopencv\_dnn.3.3.dylib

./lib/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib:
    	@rpath/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 4.0.0)
    	@rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.3.0, current version 3.3.0)
    	/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 307.5.0)
    	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1238.60.2)

此时，我们需要将所有的OpenCV的动态库彼此依赖的库路径按照上面方法都要修正过来。

自己写了一个修正的脚步程序，供参考：

#!/bin/bash
    
    install_name_tool -change  /usr/local/lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib  ./lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib server
    
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_ml.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_ml.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib   ./lib/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib  client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib ./lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib client
    install_name_tool -change  /usr/local/lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib  ./lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib client
    #install_name_tool -change  /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib  ./lib/libc++.1.dylib client
    #install_name_tool -change  /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib  ./lib/libSystem.B.dylib client
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_dnn.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_ml.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib 
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_objdetect.3.3.dylib 
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib lib/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_shape.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_stitching.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib
    
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib 
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib 
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib 
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_superres.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_calib3d.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_features2d.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_flann.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_highgui.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_videoio.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib   lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_video.3.3.dylib lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib lib/libopencv_videostab.3.3.dylib
    
    
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_imgproc.3.3.dylib lib/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  @rpath/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  ./lib/libopencv_core.3.3.dylib  lib/libopencv_photo.3.3.dylib
    
    install_name_tool -change  /usr/local/lib/libssl.1.1.dylib  ./lib/libssl.1.1.dylib     lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.1.1.dylib ./lib/libcrypto.1.1.dylib     lib/libwebsockets.12.dylib
    install_name_tool -change  /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.1.1.dylib ./lib/libcrypto.1.1.dylib     lib/libssl.1.1.dylib

也可参考：

[http://matthew-brett.github.io/docosx/mac\_runtime\_link.html\#install-names-and-static-absolute-or-relative-paths][http_matthew-brett.github.io_docosx_mac_runtime_link.html_install-names-and-static-absolute-or-relative-paths]

[http_matthew-brett.github.io_docosx_mac_runtime_link.html_install-names-and-static-absolute-or-relative-paths]: http://matthew-brett.github.io/docosx/mac_runtime_link.html#install-names-and-static-absolute-or-relative-paths