Docker技术笔记：Ubuntu安装Docker CE

悠悠 2022-05-29 05:39 244阅读 0赞

# 安装环境 #

操作系统：Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 (LTS)

Go语言版本：1.9.4

# 配置Ubuntu更新源（清华大学） #

$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
    # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

# 卸载旧版本的Docker #

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

# 安装新版本的Docker #

**步骤一**：安装必要的系统工具

$ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

**步骤二**：安装GPG证书

$ curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

**步骤三**：写入软件源信息

$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

**步骤四**：更新并安装Docker-CE

$ sudo apt-get -y update
    $ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

附：安装指定版本的Docker-CE

# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
    $ apt-cache madison docker-ce
      docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
      docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
    
    # Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 如上 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)
    $ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]

# 配置阿里云镜像加速器 #

需登录阿里云管理控制台，获取专属的加速器地址。

针对Docker客户端版本大于1.10.0的用户，可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器：

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
    $ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
    {
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://irnlfwui.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
    }
    EOF
    
    $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    $ sudo systemctl restart docker

# 测试Docker版本（验证安装是否成功） #

命令：docker –version && docker version && docker info

$ sudo docker --version
    Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6
    
    $ sudo docker version
    Client:
     Version:   17.12.1-ce
     API version:   1.35
     Go version:    go1.9.4
     Git commit:    7390fc6
     Built: Tue Feb 27 22:17:40 2018
     OS/Arch:   linux/amd64
    Server:
     Engine:
      Version:  17.12.1-ce
      API version:  1.35 (minimum version 1.12)
      Go version:   go1.9.4
      Git commit:   7390fc6
      Built:    Tue Feb 27 22:16:13 2018
      OS/Arch:  linux/amd64
      Experimental: false
    
    $ sudo docker info
    Containers: 3
     Running: 0
     Paused: 0
     Stopped: 3
    Images: 6
    ...

# 测试Docker安装 #

可以通过运行简单的Docker Image来进行安装测试：

$ sudo docker run hello-world
    Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
    ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:083de497cff944f969d8499ab94f07134c50bcf5e6b9559b27182d3fa80ce3f7
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
    
    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
    ...

列出所有的镜像image和容器container：

$ sudo docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              f2a91732366c        3 months ago        1.85kB
    
    $ sudo docker container ls -all
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    c621f40a070c        hello-world         "/hello"            15 minutes ago      Exited (0) 15 minutes ago                       friendly_edison

# Recap and Cheat Sheet #

## List Docker CLI commands
    docker
    docker container --help
    
    ## Display Docker version and info
    docker --version
    docker version
    docker info
    
    ## Excecute Docker image
    docker run hello-world
    
    ## List Docker images
    docker image ls
    
    ## List Docker containers (running, all, all in quiet mode)
    docker container ls
    docker container ls --all
    docker container ls -a -q
    
    ## Stop all Docker containers
    docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
    
    ## Remove all Docker containers
    docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
    
    ## Remove specific Docker image
    docker rmi <image_id>
    
    ## Remove all untagged Docker images (id is <none>)
    docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")
    
    ## Remove all Docker images
    docker rmi $(docker ps -a -q)

# 参考资料 #

其他关于旧版本Docker卸载以及测试开发版本Docker安装的帮助，可以参考官方文档的说明进行安装。

[Ubuntu中安装Docker帮助链接][Ubuntu_Docker]

[Ubuntu_Docker]: https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/