Redis集群模式部署

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2022-05-31 01:35 290阅读 0赞

> 本文个人博客地址：[http://www.huweihuang.com/article/redis/redis-cluster/][http_www.huweihuang.com_article_redis_redis-cluster]

## 1. Redis部署 ##

> 以下以Linux（CentOS）系统为例

### 1.1 下载和编译 ###

$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.7.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf redis-4.0.7.tar.gz
    $ cd redis-4.0.7
    $ make

编译完成后会在`src`目录下生成Redis服务端程序`redis-server`和客户端程序`redis-cli`。

### 1.2 启动服务 ###

**1、前台运行**

src/redis-server

该方式启动默认为`前台方式`运行，使用默认配置。

**2、后台运行**

可以修改`redis.conf`文件的`daemonize`参数为`yes`，指定配置文件启动，例如：

vi redis.conf
    
    # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
    # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
    daemonize yes

指定配置文件启动。

src/redis-server redis.conf

例如：

#指定配置文件后台启动
    [root@kube-node-1 redis-4.0.7]# src/redis-server redis.conf
    95778:C 30 Jan 00:44:37.633 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
    95778:C 30 Jan 00:44:37.634 # Redis version=4.0.7, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=95778, just started
    95778:C 30 Jan 00:44:37.634 # Configuration loaded
    
    #查看Redis进程
    [root@kube-node-1 redis-4.0.7]# ps aux|grep redis
    root      95779  0.0  0.0 145268   468 ?        Ssl  00:44   0:00 src/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379

更多启动参数如下：

[root@kube-node-1 src]# ./redis-server --help
    Usage: ./redis-server [/path/to/redis.conf] [options]
           ./redis-server - (read config from stdin)
           ./redis-server -v or --version
           ./redis-server -h or --help
           ./redis-server --test-memory <megabytes>
    
    Examples:
           ./redis-server (run the server with default conf)
           ./redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf
           ./redis-server --port 7777
           ./redis-server --port 7777 --slaveof 127.0.0.1 8888
           ./redis-server /etc/myredis.conf --loglevel verbose
    
    Sentinel mode:
           ./redis-server /etc/sentinel.conf --sentinel

### 1.3 客户端测试 ###

$ src/redis-cli
    redis> set foo bar
    OK
    redis> get foo
    "bar"

## 2. Redis集群部署 ##

Redis的集群部署需要在每台集群部署的机器上安装Redis（可参考上述的\[1. Redis部署\]），然后修改配置以集群的方式启动。

### 2.1 手动部署集群 ###

#### 2.1.1 设置配置文件及启动实例 ####

修改配置文件redis.conf，集群模式的最小化配置文件如下：

#可选操作，该项设置后台方式运行，
    daemonize yes
    
    port 7000
    cluster-enabled yes
    cluster-config-file nodes.conf
    cluster-node-timeout 5000
    appendonly yes

> 更多集群配置参数可参考默认配置文件redis.conf中`Cluster`模块的说明

最小集群模式需要三个master实例，一般建议起六个实例，即三主三从。因此我们创建6个以端口号命名的目录存放实例的配置文件和其他信息。

mkdir cluster-test
    cd cluster-test
    mkdir 7000 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005

在对应端口号的目录中创建`redis.conf`的文件，配置文件的内容可参考上述的集群模式配置。每个配置文件中的端口号`port`参数改为对应目录的端口号。

复制`redis-server`的二进制文件到`cluster-test`目录中，通过指定配置文件的方式启动`redis`服务，例如：

cd 7000
    ../redis-server ./redis.conf

如果是以前台方式运行，则会在控制台输出以下信息：

[82462] 26 Nov 11:56:55.329 * No cluster configuration found, I'm 97a3a64667477371c4479320d683e4c8db5858b1

每个实例都会生成一个`Node ID`，类似`97a3a64667477371c4479320d683e4c8db5858b1`，用来作为Redis实例在集群中的唯一标识，而不是通过IP和Port，IP和Port可能会改变，该`Node ID`不会改变。

目录结构可参考：

cluster-test/
    ├── 7000
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── 7001
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── 7002
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── 7003
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── 7004
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── 7005
    │   ├── appendonly.aof
    │   ├── dump.rdb
    │   ├── nodes.conf
    │   └── redis.conf
    ├── redis-cli
    └── redis-server

#### 2.1.2 redis-trib创建集群 ####

Redis的实例全部运行之后，还需要`redis-trib.rb`工具来完成集群的创建，`redis-trib.rb`二进制文件在Redis包主目录下的`src`目录中，运行该工具依赖`Ruby`环境和`gem`，因此需要提前安装。

**1、安装Ruby**

yum -y install ruby rubygems

查看Ruby版本信息。

[root@kube-node-1 src]# ruby --version
    ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16) [x86_64-linux]

由于`centos`系统默认支持Ruby版本为`2.0.0`，因此执行`gem install redis`命令时会报以下错误。

[root@kube-node-1 src]# gem install redis
    Fetching: redis-4.0.1.gem (100%)
    ERROR:  Error installing redis:
        redis requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.

解决方法是先安装`rvm`，再升级`ruby`版本。

**2、安装rvm**

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

如果遇到以下报错，则执行报错中的`gpg2 --recv-keys`的命令。

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100   194  100   194    0     0    335      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   335
    100 24090  100 24090    0     0  17421      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:-- 44446
    Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.3.tar.gz
    Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.3/1.29.3.tar.gz.asc
    gpg: 于 2017年09月11日 星期一 04时59分21秒 CST 创建的签名，使用 RSA，钥匙号 BF04FF17
    gpg: 无法检查签名：没有公钥
    Warning, RVM 1.26.0 introduces signed releases and automated check of signatures when GPG software found. Assuming you trust Michal Papis import the mpapis public key (downloading the signatures).
    
    GPG signature verification failed for '/usr/local/rvm/archives/rvm-1.29.3.tgz' - 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.3/1.29.3.tar.gz.asc'! Try to install GPG v2 and then fetch the public key:
    
        gpg2 --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
    
    or if it fails:
    
        command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | gpg2 --import -
    
    the key can be compared with:
    
        https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc
        https://keybase.io/mpapis
    
    NOTE: GPG version 2.1.17 have a bug which cause failures during fetching keys from remote server. Please downgrade or upgrade to newer version (if available) or use the second method described above.

执行报错中的`gpg2 --recv-keys`的命令。

例如：

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# gpg2 --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
    gpg: 钥匙环‘/root/.gnupg/secring.gpg’已建立
    gpg: 下载密钥‘D39DC0E3’，从 hkp 服务器 keys.gnupg.net
    gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg：建立了信任度数据库
    gpg: 密钥 D39DC0E3：公钥“Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>”已导入
    gpg: 没有找到任何绝对信任的密钥
    gpg: 合计被处理的数量：1
    gpg:           已导入：1  (RSA: 1)

再次执行命令`curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable`。例如：

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100   194  100   194    0     0    310      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 309
    100 24090  100 24090    0     0  18230      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:-- 103k
    Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.3.tar.gz
    Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.3/1.29.3.tar.gz.asc
    gpg: 于 2017年09月11日 星期一 04时59分21秒 CST 创建的签名，使用 RSA，钥匙号 BF04FF17
    gpg: 完好的签名，来自于“Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>”
    gpg:               亦即“Michal Papis <michal.papis@toptal.com>”
    gpg:               亦即“[jpeg image of size 5015]”
    gpg: 警告：这把密钥未经受信任的签名认证！
    gpg:       没有证据表明这个签名属于它所声称的持有者。
    主钥指纹： 409B 6B17 96C2 7546 2A17  0311 3804 BB82 D39D C0E3
    子钥指纹： 62C9 E5F4 DA30 0D94 AC36  166B E206 C29F BF04 FF17
    GPG verified '/usr/local/rvm/archives/rvm-1.29.3.tgz'
    Creating group 'rvm'
    
    Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
    Installation of RVM in /usr/local/rvm/ is almost complete:
    
      * First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm' group,
        and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with `umask u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rx`.
    
      * To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`
        in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

以上表示执行成功，然后执行以下命令。

source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm

查看rvm库中已知的ruby版本

rvm list known

例如：

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# rvm list known
    # MRI Rubies
    [ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
    [ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
    [ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
    [ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
    [ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
    [ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
    [ruby-]2.1[.10]
    [ruby-]2.2[.7]
    [ruby-]2.3[.4]
    [ruby-]2.4[.1]
    ruby-head
    ...

**3、升级Ruby**

#安装ruby
    rvm install  2.4.0
    #使用新版本
    rvm use  2.4.0
    #移除旧版本
    rvm remove 2.0.0
    #查看当前版本
    ruby --version

例如：

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# rvm install 2.4.0
    Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
    Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/centos/7/x86_64/ruby-2.4.0.tar.bz2
    Checking requirements for centos.
    Installing requirements for centos.
    Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, bison, bzip2, gcc-c++, libffi-devel, libtool, readline-devel, sqlite-devel, zlib-devel, libyaml-devel, openssl-devel................................
    Requirements installation successful.
    ruby-2.4.0 - #configure
    ruby-2.4.0 - #download
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100 14.0M  100 14.0M    0     0   852k      0  0:00:16  0:00:16 --:--:--  980k
    No checksum for downloaded archive, recording checksum in user configuration.
    ruby-2.4.0 - #validate archive
    ruby-2.4.0 - #extract
    ruby-2.4.0 - #validate binary
    ruby-2.4.0 - #setup
    ruby-2.4.0 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0@global
    ruby-2.4.0 - #importing gemset /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................
    ruby-2.4.0 - #generating global wrappers........
    ruby-2.4.0 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0
    ruby-2.4.0 - #importing gemsetfile /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
    ruby-2.4.0 - #generating default wrappers........
    
    [root@kube-node-1 ~]# rvm use 2.4.0
    Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0
    
    [root@kube-node-1 ~]# rvm remove 2.0.0
    ruby-2.0.0-p648 - #already gone
    Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.4.0
    
    [root@kube-node-1 ~]# ruby --version
    ruby 2.4.0p0 (2016-12-24 revision 57164) [x86_64-linux]

**4、安装gem**

gem install redis

例如：

[root@kube-node-1 ~]# gem install redis
    
    Fetching: redis-4.0.1.gem (100%)
    Successfully installed redis-4.0.1
    Parsing documentation for redis-4.0.1
    Installing ri documentation for redis-4.0.1
    Done installing documentation for redis after 2 seconds
    1 gem installed

**5、执行redis-trib.rb命令**

以上表示安装成功，可以执行`redis-trib.rb`命令。

cd src 
    #执行redis-trib.rb命令
    ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 127.0.0.1:7000 127.0.0.1:7001 \
    > 127.0.0.1:7002 127.0.0.1:7003 127.0.0.1:7004 127.0.0.1:7005

参数`create`表示创建一个新的集群，`--replicas 1`表示为每个master创建一个slave。

如果创建成功会显示以下信息

[OK] All 16384 slots covered

例如：

[root@kube-node-1 src]# ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 127.0.0.1:7000 127.0.0.1:7001 \ > 127.0.0.1:7002 127.0.0.1:7003 127.0.0.1:7004 127.0.0.1:7005 >>> Creating cluster >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Using 3 masters: 127.0.0.1:7000 127.0.0.1:7001 127.0.0.1:7002 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7004 to 127.0.0.1:7000 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7005 to 127.0.0.1:7001 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:7003 to 127.0.0.1:7002 >>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity [WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master M: d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f 127.0.0.1:7000 slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master M: 13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 127.0.0.1:7001 slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master M: be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 127.0.0.1:7002 slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master S: 3d02f59b34047486faecc023685379de7b38076c 127.0.0.1:7003 replicates 13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 S: dedf672f0a75faf37407ac4edd5da23bc4651e25 127.0.0.1:7004 replicates be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 S: 99c07119a449a703583019f7699e15afa0e41952 127.0.0.1:7005 replicates d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join.... >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:7000) M: d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f 127.0.0.1:7000 slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 127.0.0.1:7002 slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: 13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 127.0.0.1:7001 slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: 3d02f59b34047486faecc023685379de7b38076c 127.0.0.1:7003 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 S: 99c07119a449a703583019f7699e15afa0e41952 127.0.0.1:7005 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f S: dedf672f0a75faf37407ac4edd5da23bc4651e25 127.0.0.1:7004 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.

#### 2.1.3 部署结果验证 ####

**1、客户端验证**

使用客户端`redis-cli`二进制访问某个实例，执行`set`和`get`的测试。

$ redis-cli -c -p 7000
    redis 127.0.0.1:7000> set foo bar
    -> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 127.0.0.1:7002
    OK
    redis 127.0.0.1:7002> set hello world
    -> Redirected to slot [866] located at 127.0.0.1:7000
    OK
    redis 127.0.0.1:7000> get foo
    -> Redirected to slot [12182] located at 127.0.0.1:7002
    "bar"
    redis 127.0.0.1:7000> get hello
    -> Redirected to slot [866] located at 127.0.0.1:7000
    "world"

**2、集群状态**

使用`cluster info`命令查看集群状态。

127.0.0.1:7000> cluster info
    cluster_state:ok                       #集群状态
    cluster_slots_assigned:16384           #被分配的槽位数
    cluster_slots_ok:16384                 #正确分配的槽位
    cluster_slots_pfail:0
    cluster_slots_fail:0
    cluster_known_nodes:6                  #当前节点
    cluster_size:3
    cluster_current_epoch:6
    cluster_my_epoch:1
    cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:48273
    cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:49884
    cluster_stats_messages_sent:98157
    cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:49879
    cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:48273
    cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5
    cluster_stats_messages_received:98157

**3、节点状态**

使用`cluster nodes`命令查看节点状态。

127.0.0.1:7000> cluster nodes
    be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 127.0.0.1:7002@17002 master - 0 1517303607000 3 connected 10923-16383
    13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 127.0.0.1:7001@17001 master - 0 1517303606000 2 connected 5461-10922
    3d02f59b34047486faecc023685379de7b38076c 127.0.0.1:7003@17003 slave 13d0c397604a0b2644244c37b666fce83f29faa8 0 1517303606030 4 connected
    d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f 127.0.0.1:7000@17000 myself,master - 0 1517303604000 1 connected 0-5460
    99c07119a449a703583019f7699e15afa0e41952 127.0.0.1:7005@17005 slave d5a834d075fd93eefab877c6ebb86efff680650f 0 1517303607060 6 connected
    dedf672f0a75faf37407ac4edd5da23bc4651e25 127.0.0.1:7004@17004 slave be2718476eba4e56f696e56b75e67df720b7fc24 0 1517303608082 5 connected

参考文章：

[https://redis.io/download][https_redis.io_download]

[https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial][https_redis.io_topics_cluster-tutorial]

[http_www.huweihuang.com_article_redis_redis-cluster]: http://www.huweihuang.com/article/redis/redis-cluster/
[https_redis.io_download]: https://redis.io/download
[https_redis.io_topics_cluster-tutorial]: https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial