linux添加虚拟ip（手动vip和keepalived方式）

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-05-31 02:47 180阅读 0赞

1，手动添加vip

1,ifconfig查看当前活动网卡。如：eth0

2,执行

ifconfig eth0:0 166.111.69.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

进行vip添加

3，执行ifconfig查看是否生效

4，测试 ping 166.111.69.100

5,写在/etc/rc.local里进行开机自动设置

2，第三方工具keepalived增加vip

1，下载与安装

下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014749692/8396867

安装：

tar xf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz             
cd keepalived-1.2.12  
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived  
make &&  make install  
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/  
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/  
mkdir /etc/keepalived  
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/  
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

2，配置：

vim

/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 如下：

! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { saltstack@163.com } notification_email_from dba@dbserver.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1
       smtp_connect_timeout 30
       router_id MySQL-HA
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth1
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 150
        advert_int 1
        nopreempt
    
        authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
        }
    
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.0.88
        }
    }

红色区域为需要修改的地方：

notification_email :变更后通知的email

notification_email_from :发送email

router_id MySQL-HA :路由器组id，局域网中需要共享该vip的服务器，该配置要一致。

state BACKUP：在keepalived中2种模式，分别是master->backup模式和backup->backup模式。这两种模式有很大区别。在master->backup模式下，一旦主库宕机，虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库，当主库修复后，keepalived启动后，还会把虚拟ip抢占过来，即使设置了非抢占模式（nopreempt）抢占ip的动作也会发生。在backup->backup模式下，当主库宕机后虚拟ip会自动漂移到从库上，当原主库恢复和keepalived服务启动后，并不会抢占新主的虚拟ip，即使是优先级高于从库的优先级别，也不会发生抢占。

interface eth1:具体网卡，通过ifconfig确认具体网卡。

priority 150:表示设置的优先级为150

nopreempt:非抢占模式

启动：

/etc/init.d/keepalived start ; tail -f /var/log/messages

显示如下表示成功：

Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Configuration is using : 62976 Bytes
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_vrrp[9472]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(3), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.80.138 added
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.0.60 added
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe9d:6a9e added
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe9d:6aa8 added
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Configuration is using : 7231 Bytes
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP)
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=64Kbytes)
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 kernel: IPVS: ipvs loaded.
    Apr 20 20:26:18 192 Keepalived_healthcheckers[9471]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

测试：

1，ping命令测试。

2，一台服务器停止keepalived服务进行ip漂移测试。

如果失败，请考虑防火墙原因