Mac Python2.7 安装Flask

快来打我* 2022-06-01 01:43 266阅读 0赞

# Mac Python2.7 安装Flask #

【环境说明】  
Mac OS 版本：10.13.2  
Python 版本：  
localhost:~ shixiongwei$ python -V  
Python 2.7.13 :: Anaconda 4.4.0 (x86\_64)

Python IDE PyCharm  
![pic0][]  
**Flask官网**  
[http://flask.pocoo.org][http_flask.pocoo.org]

**中文版本**  
[http://dormousehole.readthedocs.io/en/latest/][http_dormousehole.readthedocs.io_en_latest]

说明：`Python Web`开发，参考的教程：`Flask Web`开发 –基于`Python`的`Web`应用开发实战 （人民邮电出版社）  
按照书中第一章，环境配置流程如下  
**1、使用虚拟环境 （P4）**  
1-1、查看`Python`版本

localhost:~ shixiongwei$ python -V
    Python 2.7.13 :: Anaconda 4.4.0 (x86_64)

1-2、查看`virtualenv`版本

localhost:~ shixiongwei$ virtualenv --version
    -bash: virtualenv: command not found

1-3、使用`easy_install` 安装`virtualenv`

localhost:~ shixiongwei$ sudo easy_install virtualenv

执行安装指令后，显示信息：

localhost:~ shixiongwei$ sudo easy_install virtualenv
    Password:（输入root 密码）
    Searching for virtualenv
    Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/virtualenv/
    Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/d4/0c/9840c08189e030873387a73b90ada981885010dd9aea134d6de30cd24cb8/virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz#md5=44e19f4134906fe2d75124427dc9b716
    Best match: virtualenv 15.1.0
    Processing virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz
    Writing /tmp/easy_install-y8e0S9/virtualenv-15.1.0/setup.cfg
    Running virtualenv-15.1.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-y8e0S9/virtualenv-15.1.0/egg-dist-tmp-1snzTH
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_templates'
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    creating /anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg
    Extracting virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg to /anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages
    Adding virtualenv 15.1.0 to easy-install.pth file
    Installing virtualenv script to /anaconda/bin
    
    Installed /anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg
    Processing dependencies for virtualenv
    Finished processing dependencies for virtualenv

1-4、创建Python虚拟环境  
指令：`$ virtualenv venv`

这里，我在`Pycharm IDE`工程目录下，创建了一个文件夹`myProjectPy/flasky`

`pwd` 指令查看 `/Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/`

1）使用了指令安装虚拟环境，命名为venv  
**第一次安装，报错如下：**

localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ virtualenv venv
    
    New python executable in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/bin/python
    Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
      Complete output from command /Users/shixiongwei/P...asky/venv/bin/python - setuptools pip wheel:
      Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 32, in <module>
        import io as _io
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
        import _io
    ImportError: dlopen(/Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyCodecInfo_GetIncrementalDecoder
      Referenced from: /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
      Expected in: flat namespace
     in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
    ----------------------------------------
    ...Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/anaconda/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
        load_entry_point('virtualenv==15.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 713, in main
        symlink=options.symlink)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 945, in create_environment
        download=download,
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 901, in install_wheel
        call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 797, in call_subprocess
        % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
    OSError: Command /Users/shixiongwei/P...asky/venv/bin/python - setuptools pip wheel failed with error code 1

**2）网上搜索了相关资料，参考指令：$ virtualenv venv –no-setuptools**继续进行尝试  
指令如下，安装信息如下：

localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ virtualenv venv --no-setuptools
    New python executable in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/bin/python
    Installing pip, wheel...
      Complete output from command /Users/shixiongwei/P...asky/venv/bin/python - pip wheel:
      Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 32, in <module>
        import io as _io
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
        import _io
    ImportError: dlopen(/Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyCodecInfo_GetIncrementalDecoder
      Referenced from: /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
      Expected in: flat namespace
     in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
    ----------------------------------------
    ...Installing pip, wheel...done.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/anaconda/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
        load_entry_point('virtualenv==15.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 713, in main
        symlink=options.symlink)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 945, in create_environment
        download=download,
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 901, in install_wheel
        call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 797, in call_subprocess
        % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
    OSError: Command /Users/shixiongwei/P...asky/venv/bin/python - pip wheel failed with error code 1
    localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ virtualenv sxvenv --no-setuptools
    New python executable in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/sxvenv/bin/python
    Installing pip, wheel...
      Complete output from command /Users/shixiongwei/P...ky/sxvenv/bin/python - pip wheel:
      Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 4, in <module>
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 32, in <module>
        import io as _io
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/io.py", line 51, in <module>
        import _io
    ImportError: dlopen(/Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/sxvenv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so, 2): Symbol not found: __PyCodecInfo_GetIncrementalDecoder
      Referenced from: /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/sxvenv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
      Expected in: flat namespace
     in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/sxvenv/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_io.so
    ----------------------------------------
    ...Installing pip, wheel...done.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/anaconda/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
        load_entry_point('virtualenv==15.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 713, in main
        symlink=options.symlink)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 945, in create_environment
        download=download,
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 901, in install_wheel
        call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
      File "/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg/virtualenv.py", line 797, in call_subprocess
        % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
    OSError: Command /Users/shixiongwei/P...ky/sxvenv/bin/python - pip wheel failed with error code 1

**3）第三次尝试，成功解决问题。**  
解决方法：  
（1）先执行 conda install python=2.7.9 降级版本  
（2）再执行 virtualenv venv  
OK，大功告成！！

相关指令，如下

localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ conda install python=2.7.9
    Fetching package metadata .........
    Solving package specifications: .
    
    Package plan for installation in environment /anaconda:
    
    The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
    
        krb5:         1.13.2-0         
        pyasn1:       0.1.7-py27_0     
    
    The following packages will be UPDATED:
    
        anaconda:     4.4.0-np112py27_0 --> custom-py27_0  
    
    The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
    
        conda:        4.3.21-py27_0     --> 4.2.13-py27_0  
        cryptography: 1.8.1-py27_0      --> 0.8.2-py27_1   
        curl:         7.52.1-0          --> 7.43.0-1       
        openssl:      1.0.2l-0          --> 1.0.1k-1       
        pycurl:       7.43.0-py27_2     --> 7.19.5.1-py27_2
        pyopenssl:    17.0.0-py27_0     --> 0.15.1-py27_2  
        python:       2.7.13-0          --> 2.7.9-1        
    
    Proceed ([y]/n)? y
    
    krb5-1.13.2-0. 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:06 199.86 kB/s
    openssl-1.0.1k 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:22 114.33 kB/s
    curl-7.43.0-1. 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:08 48.65 kB/s
    python-2.7.9-1 100% |################################| Time: 0:02:02 106.30 kB/s
    anaconda-custo 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:00 2.64 MB/s
    pyasn1-0.1.7-p 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:00 163.44 kB/s
    pycurl-7.19.5. 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:00 175.90 kB/s
    conda-4.2.13-p 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:01 192.07 kB/s
    cryptography-0 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:01 233.21 kB/s
    pyopenssl-0.15 100% |################################| Time: 0:00:00 250.42 kB/s
    localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ 
    
    localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ virtualenv venv
    New python executable in /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/bin/python
    Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.

**安装好虚拟环境之后，查看`venv`目录下的内容**

localhost:bin shixiongwei$ pwd
    /Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky/venv/bin
    localhost:bin shixiongwei$ ls
    activate        easy_install-2.7    python-config
    activate.csh        pip         python2
    activate.fish       pip2            python2.7
    activate_this.py    pip2.7          wheel
    easy_install        python

[参考资料链接1][1]  
[参考资料链接2][2]

虚拟环境安装好之后，现在开始在venv环境中，开始安装flask

1-5、激活虚拟环境  
指令：`$source venv/bin/activate`  
前提：上面处于目录为： `flasky`目录下  
**pwd查看：/Users/shixiongwei/PycharmProjects/myProjectPy/flasky**

**激活虚拟环境操作如下：**

localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ source venv/bin/activate

**1-6、安装flask**

**安装指令：(venv) localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ `pip install flask`**

(venv) localhost:flasky shixiongwei$ pip install flask
    Collecting flask
      Downloading Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 493kB/s 
    Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)
      Downloading Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 1.1MB/s 
    Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from flask)
      Downloading Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (322kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 327kB 834kB/s 
    Collecting click>=2.0 (from flask)
      Downloading click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.7MB/s 
    Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from flask)
      Downloading itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 2.8MB/s 
    Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->flask)
      Downloading MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz
    Building wheels for collected packages: itsdangerous, MarkupSafe
      Running setup.py bdist_wheel for itsdangerous ... done
      Stored in directory: /Users/shixiongwei/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/fc/a8/66/24d655233c757e178d45dea2de22a04c6d92766abfb741129a
      Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MarkupSafe ... done
      Stored in directory: /Users/shixiongwei/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/88/a7/30/e39a54a87bcbe25308fa3ca64e8ddc75d9b3e5afa21ee32d57
    Successfully built itsdangerous MarkupSafe
    Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, click, itsdangerous, flask
    Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.0 Werkzeug-0.14.1 click-6.7 flask-0.12.2 itsdangerous-0.24

至此，Flask安装已经完成。

**总结如下：**  
一、流程  
1、安装virtualenv  
2、安装 virtualenv venv （命名虚拟环境为：venv）  
3、激活虚拟环境  
4、在虚拟环境中，安装flask  
二、注意的地方  
**1、在流程一，的第2步中，因为Python版本问题，这边直接通过指令无法安装，所以这边采用对Python版本进行降级到2.7.9的操作。**  
**指令为：`$ conda install python=2.7.9`**

2、在成功安装了virtualenv 后，安装flask之前，一定要先激活虚拟环境。

[pic0]: /images/20220601/5fac98574a8b4f8889f509569649222d.png
[http_flask.pocoo.org]: http://flask.pocoo.org
[http_dormousehole.readthedocs.io_en_latest]: http://dormousehole.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[1]: http://blog.csdn.net/u012022003/article/details/71181516
[2]: https://github.com/conda/conda/issues/1367