三层交换机vlan间通讯、静态路由配置、网络地址转换综合

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-06-02 07:54 163阅读 0赞

实验要求：

![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Center][]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> PC0 </td> 
 <td> Ip：192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Dg: 192.168.1.254 连SW1 F0/1 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> PC1 </td> 
 <td> Ip：192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Dg: 192.168.2.254 连SW1 F0/2 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> PC2 </td> 
 <td> Ip：192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 Dg: 192.168.1.254 连SW2 F0/1 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> PC3 </td> 
 <td> Ip：192.168.2.2 &nbsp;255.255.255.0 Dg: 192.168.2.254 连SW2 F0/2 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> SW0 </td> 
 <td> F0/1连PC0 F0/2连PC1 F0/3连三层交换机 F0/3 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> SW1 </td> 
 <td> F0/1连PC2 F0/2连PC3 F0/4连三层交换机 F0/4 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 三层交换机 </td> 
 <td> F0/1连R0 的F0/1 F0/1：IP:192.168.3.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dg：255.255.255.0 F0/3连SW0 F0/3 F0/4连SW1 F0/4 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> R0 </td> 
 <td> F0/1 IP:192.168.3.2 DG:255.255.255.0 F0/1连三层交换机的F0/1 F0/0 IP:192.168.4.1 DG:255.255.255.0 F0/0连R1的F0/0 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> R1 </td> 
 <td> F0/0 IP:192.168.4.2 DG:255.255.255.0 F0/0连R0的F0/0 F0/1 IP:192.168.5.254&nbsp; DG:255.255.255.0 F0/1连服务器 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 服务器 </td> 
 <td> 连R1的F0/1 Ip：192.168.5.1 Dg：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.5.254 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

实验步骤：

网络拓扑图如下：

![Center 1][]

实验步骤：

为各主机配置IP地址如下：

![Image 1][]![Image 1][]![Center 2][]

其余配置IP地址图省略

PC0:192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254

PC1:192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.254

PC2:192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254

PC3:192.168.2.2.255.255.255.0 192.168.2.254

Server0:192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.254

Switch0:

Switch>enable

Switch\#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)\#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test10

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test20

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/1

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)\#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/2

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)\#switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/3

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#

Switch1:

Switch\#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)\#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test10

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test20

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/1

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)\#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/2

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)\#switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/4

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config)\#

三层交换机操作：

Switch>enable

Switch\#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)\#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test10

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)\#name test20

Switch(config-vlan)\#exit

Switch(config)\#

Switch(config)\#interface f0/3

Switch(config-if)\#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)\#

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface f0/4

Switch(config-if)\#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

Switch(config-if)\#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)\#

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface vlan 10

Switch(config-if)\#

Switch(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)\#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#interface vlan 20

Switch(config-if)\#

Switch(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)\#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Switch(config)\#ip routing 以血的教训告诉你一定要敲！！！

vlan 10 内部可以通信：

![Center 3][]  
vlan 20内部可以通信：

![Center 4][]

vlan间可以通信：

![Center 5][]

![Center 6][]

Switch(config)\#interface f0/1

Switch(config-if)\#no switchport

Switch(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)\#no shutdown

Switch(config)\#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.2 三层交换机通过192.168.3.2出到公网4.0网段

Switch(config-if)\#exit

Router 0:

Router>enable

Router\#config terminal

Router(config)\#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)\#no shutdown

Router(config-if)\#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)\#no shutdown

Router(config-if)\#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#

Router 1:

Router>enable

Router\#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)\#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)\#no shutdown

Router(config-if)\#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)\#ip address 192.168.5.254 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)\#no shutdown

Router(config-if)\#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#

到此处全是绿灯

下面配置静态地址转换过程：

Router0：

Router(config)\#ip nat inside source static 192.168.3.1 192.168.4.3

Router(config)\#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)\#ip nat inside

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#ip nat outside

Router(config)\#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)\#ip nat outside

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

Router(config)\#

Router1：

Router>enable

Router\#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)\#ip nat inside source static 192.168.5.1 192.168.4.4

Router(config)\#interface f0/1

Router(config-if)\#ip nat inside

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#interface f0/0

Router(config-if)\#ip nat outside

Router(config-if)\#exit

Router(config)\#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0

Router(config)\#

配置Router0的路由表如下：

Router0:

Router(config)\#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

Router(config)\#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

实验结果如下：

![Center 7][]

![Center 8][]

以上静态路由下一跳地址，no switchport 问题，主要询问张庆武大佬0.0

[Image 1]: 
[Center]: /images/20220602/36a0672d9fa7495d9f5e8a60673d9072.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220602/25e9f875836942b98eec487d2d7f6a7b.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220602/41659d83f2eb4e3b8e36af5b748a46d9.png
[Center 3]: /images/20220602/53dabccef95d478db257be4ed72a116e.png
[Center 4]: /images/20220602/a01bc7bda48d4d7db81f1135dafe7e83.png
[Center 5]: /images/20220602/81d99ef48eba4cf8bceec171f24bc360.png
[Center 6]: /images/20220602/57d4eaebd33a4be0b491611e77f9e2ab.png
[Center 7]: /images/20220602/12f58c20180e4ce5b34bb0eaafee98dc.png
[Center 8]: /images/20220602/bb2a4463ecf14d218838c7afaa3140e9.png