CentOS系统安装配置 MySQL

水深无声 2022-06-03 03:26 279阅读 0赞

1.  安装 MySQL。输入以下命令：
    
     *  适用于 CentOS 7.0 或以后版本：
        
         *    
            
        
            yum install mariadb mariadb-server
     *  适用于 CentOS 6.8 或以前版本：
        
         *    
            
        
            yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
2.  启动 MySQL 服务。输入命令：
    
     *    
        
    
        service mysqld start
3.  登录 MySQL ，删除空用户。输入命令：
    
     *    
        
    
        mysql>select user,host,password from mysql.user;
        mysql>drop user ''@localhost;
4.  修改 root 密码。输入命令：
    
     *    
        
    
        mysql>update mysql.user set password = PASSWORD('此处输入您新设密码') where user='root';
        mysql>flush privileges;
5.  `如果第2步启动未成功请尝试一下操作`

##### 1 常规错误的yum安装方法： #####

在[前文][Link 1]中记述了CentOS 6.5系统中通过yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP环境，那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系统中依葫芦画瓢安装MySql5.6.24呢？答案是否定的。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
    .....................。
    ....省略部分安装过程....
    .....................。
    
    Installed:
      mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0                                                 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
    
    Dependency Installed:
      keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7    krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7      libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7    libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7   
      libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7         libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7    openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4    pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7         
      zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7
    
    Complete!

从上面的安装结果可以看出，没有安装mysql数据库，而是安装了mariadb数据！因为在CentOS 7和CentOS 7.1系统中，默认安装的mysql是它的分支mariadb。这里引用下百度百科关于mariadb的描述：

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

因此，下面这些正常的MySQL操作都是无效的：

#######无法把mysql服务加入系统启动
    [root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
    error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory
    #######启动不了mysql
    [root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start
    Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service
    Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
    #######没有安装mysql相关包
    [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
    php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64
    [root@typecodes ~]#

##### 2 正确的安装方法： #####

众所周知，Linux系统自带的repo是不会自动更新每个软件的最新版本（基本都是比较靠后的稳定版），所以无法通过yum方式安装MySQL的高级版本。所以我们需要先安装带有当前可用的mysql5系列社区版资源的rpm包。

#######安装rpm包
    [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql-community-release-el7-5    ################################# [100%]

这时查看当前可用的mysql安装资源：

[root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
    mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 14
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      17
    mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server                139

从上面的列表可以看出，`mysql56-community/x86_64`和`MySQL 5.6 Community Server`可以使用。

因此，我们就可以直接用yum方式安装了MySQL5.6版本了。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
    Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks
    No metadata available for base
    No metadata available for epel
    No metadata available for extras
    (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
    (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
    (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql56-community metadata successfully
    No metadata available for updates
    mysql-connectors-community                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    mysql-tools-community                                                                                                                           | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    mysql56-community                                                                                                                               | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                             | 7.3 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                      |  83 kB  00:00:01     
    mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED                                          ==============================================        ]  19 kB/s |  92 kB  00:00:00 ETA 
    http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds')
    Trying other mirror.
    (3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                  |  15 kB  00:00:00     
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
    ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
    ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
    ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
    --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
    ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
    ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
    ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
    ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
    ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
    ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                         Arch                           Version                                Repository                                 Size
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     mysql-community-client                          x86_64                         5.6.24-3.el7                           mysql56-community                          19 M
         replacing  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
     mysql-community-devel                           x86_64                         5.6.24-3.el7                           mysql56-community                         3.4 M
         replacing  mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
     mysql-community-libs                            x86_64                         5.6.24-3.el7                           mysql56-community                         2.0 M
         replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
     mysql-community-server                          x86_64                         5.6.24-3.el7                           mysql56-community                          58 M
    Installing for dependencies:
     mysql-community-common                          x86_64                         5.6.24-3.el7                           mysql56-community                         256 k
     perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2                         x86_64                         2.061-3.el7                            base                                       32 k
     perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib                          x86_64                         1:2.061-4.el7                          base                                       57 k
     perl-DBI                                        x86_64                         1.627-4.el7                            base                                      802 k
     perl-IO-Compress                                noarch                         2.061-2.el7                            base                                      260 k
     perl-Net-Daemon                                 noarch                         0.48-5.el7                             base                                       51 k
     perl-PlRPC                                      noarch                         0.2020-14.el7                          base                                       36 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages)
    
    Total download size: 83 M
    Downloading packages:
    mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                   | 3.4 MB  00:00:03     
    mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  |  19 MB  00:00:05     
    mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  |  58 MB  00:00:11     
    mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                    | 2.0 MB  00:00:02     
    perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                 |    0 B  00:00:01 ... 
    perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                 | 802 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                            |  57 kB  00:00:00     
    (2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                    |  51 kB  00:00:00     
    (3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                      |  36 kB  00:00:00     
    (4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           |  32 kB  00:00:00     
    (5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                  | 260 kB  00:00:00     
    warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA 
    Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
    (6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           | 256 kB  00:00:01     
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                                                                                  388 kB/s | 692 kB  00:00:01     
    Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
     Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
     Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
     Package    : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
     From       : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
    Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
      Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         1/14 
      Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                           2/14 
      Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         3/14 
      Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                  4/14 
      Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        5/14 
      Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         6/14 
      Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                7/14 
      Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                                                                                                    8/14 
      Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                        9/14 
      Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        10/14 
      Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         11/14 
      Erasing    : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                             12/14 
      Erasing    : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                   13/14 
      Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                              14/14 
      Verifying  : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         1/14 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         2/14 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          3/14 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         4/14 
      Verifying  : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                                                                                                    5/14 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                         6/14 
      Verifying  : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        7/14 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                           8/14 
      Verifying  : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                  9/14 
      Verifying  : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                       10/14 
      Verifying  : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                               11/14 
      Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                   12/14 
      Verifying  : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                             13/14 
      Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                              14/14
    
    Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7            mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7            mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7           
      mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7
    
    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
      perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7        perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7          perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
    
    Replaced:
      mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0                    mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0                    mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
    
    Complete!

##### 3 MySQL安装完成后，进行相关配置 #####

安装完MySQL后，需要进行一些基础配置工作：

#######安装成功后，将其加入开机启动
    [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
    
    #######启动mysql服务进程
    [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld
    
    #######配置mysql（设置密码等）
    [root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation
    
    NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
          SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
    
    In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
    password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
    you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
    so you should just press enter here.
    
    Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
    OK, successfully used password, moving on...
    
    Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
    root user without the proper authorisation.
    
    Set root password? [Y/n] y                  [设置root用户密码]
    New password: 
    Re-enter new password: 
    Password updated successfully!
    Reloading privilege tables..
     ... Success!
    
    
    By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
    to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
    them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
    go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
    production environment.
    
    Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y                 [删除匿名用户]
     ... Success!
    
    Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
    ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
    
    Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y       [禁止root远程登录]
     ... Success!
    
    By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
    access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
    before moving into a production environment.
    
    Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y          [删除test数据库]
     - Dropping test database...
    ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
     ... Failed!  Not critical, keep moving...
     - Removing privileges on test database...
     ... Success!
    
    Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
    will take effect immediately.
    
    Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y            [刷新权限]
     ... Success!
    
    
    
    
    All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
    installation should now be secure.
    
    Thanks for using MySQL!
    
    
    Cleaning up...

[Link 1]: https://typecodes.com/web/aliyuncentos6creatlnmp.html