webservice框架jersey简单总结

本是古典何须时尚 2022-06-03 07:26 212阅读 0赞

项目中更需要使用到webservice，具体的是使用jersey。那么首先需要了解jersey和webservice的关系，捋顺webservice框架的各种实现，通过查阅相关博客，我个人总结webservice的结构图如下：

![6RFvyq.jpg_web][]

通过上图，大概可以了解到webservice和jersey的关系了，然后我们需要了解RESTful是什么，自己也是说不太清楚，所以可以看这个博客地址：REST介绍：http://redhacker.iteye.com/blog/1923226

然后，知道了一些概念上的定义，就可以具体使用jersey，自己做了jerseyDemo来简单说名jersey的使用。另外，jersey1.X的版本是sun公司提供的独立的jar包，在2.X版本中，已经将jersey融合到JavaSE中，在javax.ws.rs.\*包中。

jersey常用注解解释：

<table style="max-width:100%; background-color:rgb(254,254,254); border-spacing:0px; width:682px; margin-bottom:1.5em; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style:solid; border-right-style:solid; border-bottom-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-style:initial; border-left-color:initial; font-size:14px; line-height:1.3em; color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,STXihei,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,微软雅黑,sans-serif"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:0px; border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> Annotation</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:0px; border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 作用</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:0px; border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 说明</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @GET</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 查询请求</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 相当于数据库的查询数据操作</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @POST</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 插入请求</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 相当于数据库的插入数据操作</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @PUT</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 更新请求</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 相当于数据库的更新数据操作</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @DELETE</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 删除请求</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 相当于数据的删除数据操作</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @Path</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> uri路径</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 定义资源的访问路径，client通过这个路径访问资源。比如：@Path("user")</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @Produces</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 指定返回MIME格式</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 资源按照那种数据格式返回，可取的值有：MediaType.APPLICATION_XXX。比如：@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @Consumes</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 接受指定的MIME格式</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 只有符合这个参数设置的请求再能访问到这个资源。比如@Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @PathParam</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> uri路径参数</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 写在方法的参数中，获得请求路径参数。比如：@PathParam("username") &nbsp;String userName</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @QueryParam</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> uri路径请求参数</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 写在方法的参数中，获得请求路径附带的参数。比如：@QueryParam("desc") &nbsp;String desc</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @DefaultValue</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 设置@QueryParam参数的默认值</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 如果@QueryParam没有接收到值，就使用默认值。比如：@DefaultValue("description") @QueryParam("desc") String desc</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @FormParam</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> form传递的参数</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 接受form传递过来的参数。比如：@FormParam("name") &nbsp;String userName</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @BeanParam</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 通过Bena的形式传递参数</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 接受client传递的bean类型的参数，同时这个bean可以在属性上配置@FormParam用以解决client的属性名称和bean的属性名称不一致的问题。比如：@BeanParam &nbsp;User user</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @Context</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 获得一些系统环境信息</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 通过@Context可以获得以下信息：UriInfo、ServletConfig、ServletContext、HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse和HttpHeaders等</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @XmlRootElement</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 将bean转换为xml</td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 如果要讲bean以xml或json的格式返回，必须要这个注解。比如： @XmlRootElement public class User｛...｝ </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @XmlElements</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @XmlElement</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

Jersey使用示例：

1、添加Maven依赖或者导入jar包

<dependency>
 
 <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId>
 
 <version>2.13</version>
 
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 
 <groupId>javax.xml.ws</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>jaxws-api</artifactId>
 
 <version>2.1</version>
 
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 
 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
 
 <version>1.9.12</version>
 
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 
 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
 
 <version>1.9.12</version>
 
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 
 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
 
 <version>1.9.12</version>
 
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 
 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
 
 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
 
 <version>2.5</version>
 
 <scope>provided</scope>
 
 </dependency>

没有使用Maven的就自己下载相应的jar包，放到classpath下就是了。

2、修改web.xml，配置jerseyServlet

<table style="max-width:100%; background-color:rgb(254,254,254); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; font-size:14px; line-height:1.3em; width:683px; color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,STXihei,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,微软雅黑,sans-serif"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="font-size:14px; line-height:1.3em"> &lt;servlet&gt; &lt;servlet-name&gt;JerseyServlet&lt;/servlet-name&gt; &lt;servlet-class&gt;org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer&lt;/servlet-class&gt; &lt;!-- 配置自己的资源加载类去加载资源 --&gt; &lt;init-param&gt; &lt;param-name&gt;javax.ws.rs.Application&lt;/param-name&gt; &lt;param-value&gt;com.cisdi.jersey.api.ApplicationAPI&lt;/param-value&gt; &lt;/init-param&gt; &lt;!-- 配置默认的资源包路径，使用默认的配置类去加载资源 --&gt; &lt;!-- &lt;init-param&gt; --&gt; &lt;!-- &lt;param-name&gt;jersey.config.server.provider.packages&lt;/param-name&gt; --&gt; &lt;!-- &lt;param-value&gt;com.cisdi.jersey.api&lt;/param-value&gt; --&gt; &lt;!-- &lt;/init-param&gt; --&gt; &lt;load-on-startup&gt;1&lt;/load-on-startup&gt; &lt;/servlet&gt; &lt;servlet-mapping&gt; &lt;servlet-name&gt;JerseyServlet&lt;/servlet-name&gt; &lt;url-pattern&gt;/api/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt; &lt;/servlet-mapping&gt; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

上面有两种加载资源的方式，一种是使用自己的资源加载器去加载资源，需要给出自己资源加载器的位置。另一种是使用默认的资源加载器加载，需要给出资源所在的package。个人主张第一种，写一个自己的资源加载器去加载想要加载的资源，这样感觉可控性强一点，接下来会介绍这个资源加载器如何编写。

3、编写自己的资源加载器

这个类就是将各种资源加载进来，暴露给client。之前说道使用自己的资源加载器可控性强的特点就是可以除了加载业务资源以外，还可以加载日子和其他的需要一些工具资源等等。或者package下的某个资源不想被暴露，就不要加载进来就可以了。

4、书写自己的资源

先弄了一个简单的资源，HelloResource

接着可以弄个复杂点得对象资源，UserResource

<table style="max-width:100%; background-color:rgb(254,254,254); border-spacing:0px; width:682px; margin-bottom:1.5em; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style:solid; border-right-style:solid; border-bottom-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-style:initial; border-left-color:initial; font-size:14px; line-height:1.3em; color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,STXihei,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,微软雅黑,sans-serif"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:0px; border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> @XmlRootElement public class User { private int id; @FormParam("name") private String userName; @FormParam("desc") private String desc; Setter/Getter... } </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> 下面就是UserResource的各个方法 @Path("user") public class UserResource { //这个类的方法都在下面 ｝ </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> //这个方法主要介绍@GET，@Path，@Produces，@PathParam，@DefaultValue，@QueryParam注解的使用 @GET @Path("{username}") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) // @Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML }) public User getUser(@PathParam("username") String userName, @DefaultValue("description") @QueryParam("desc") String desc) { User user = new User(); user.setId(new Random().nextInt()); user.setUserName(userName); user.setDesc(desc); return user; } //访问路径：{host}:{port}/{serviceName}/api/user/username?desc=xxx ;username可以随便写 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> //这个方法主要介绍@POST，@Consumes,@FormParam注解的使用 @POST @Path("updateUser") @Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") public void updateUser(@FormParam("name") String userName, @FormParam("desc") String desc) { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setUserName(userName); user.setDesc(desc); System.out.println(user); } //访问路径：{host}:{port}/{serviceName}/api/user/updateUser;这个是通过提交表单访问的 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> //这个方法主要介绍@BeanParam的使用 @POST @Path("updateUser1") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) @Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") public User updateUser1(@BeanParam User user) {//注意这个方法需要在User这个bean中使用@FromParam注解 System.out.println(user); return user; } //访问路径：{host}:{port}/{serviceName}/api/user/updateUser1;这个是通过提交表单访问的 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; border-top:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); border-left:1px solid rgb(221,221,221); font-size:14px"> //这个方法主要介绍@Context注解的使用 @Context HttpServletRequest request; @Context HttpServletResponse response; @Context ServletConfig servletConfig; @Context ServletContext servletContext; @Context HttpHeaders header; @Context UriInfo info; @GET @Path("/test/{param}") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) public User getContext() { MultivaluedMap&lt;String, String&gt; queryParameters = info.getQueryParameters(); MultivaluedMap&lt;String, String&gt; pathParameters = info.getPathParameters(); System.out.println(queryParameters); System.out.println(pathParameters); System.out.println(this.request); System.out.println(this.response); System.out.println(this.servletConfig); System.out.println(this.servletContext); System.out.println(this.header); System.out.println(this.info); return new User(1, "gusi"); } //访问路径：{host}:{port}/{serviceName}/api/user/test/xxx?xxx=xxx&amp;xxx=xxx;xxx都是可以乱写的 说明：使用这种方式有很大的作用，当我们不知道client传递过来的参数名称，或者client传递过来的参数经常变化， 那么我们就可以使用这样方式动态的获得传递给service的参数，然后再进行后续的处理 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

通过上面的4个步骤，就可一简单的实现webservice的基本使用。

[6RFvyq.jpg_web]: https://img0.tuicool.com/6RFvyq.jpg!web