angularjs速成学习个人理解_9表单验证

系统管理员 2022-06-06 04:18 158阅读 0赞

angularjs提供表单验证功能。虽然比不上其他框架的的验证方式的。但是个人认为比别的验证框架要灵活一些。不是简单的通过设置属性来实现。  
ng-show属性可以控制一个标签的显示与隐藏。  
借助菜鸟教程的例子如下：

<input type="checkbox" ng-model="myVar">
    <div ng-show="myVar">
    <h1>Welcome</h1>
    <p>Welcome to my home.</p>
    </div>

当checkbox选中时，div内容显示。反之，隐藏。  
通过设置在标签上的ng-show控制验证是否通过。  
\*\*\*.$touch&&\*\*\*\*.$invalid就是验证是否显示的条件。  
\*\*\*是某个元素。大体意思是，表单中某个元素被触碰（可以理解为焦点事件）且验证失败时显示。

<input type="text" name="firstName" ng-model="user.firstName" required />
    <span ng-show="myForm.firstName.$touched && myForm.firstName.$invalid" style="color:red;">First Name is required.</span>

我们也可以通过【$error.验证名】方式指定多个错误信息。

Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required />
    	<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
    		<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
    		<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
    	</span>

其中$error.required为必须输入验证信息。而在标签上用到时的required属性，这个属性是HTML5的表单验证。  
同理，type="email"这个输入框也是HTML5的表单验证。而ng-maxlength/ng-minlength则利用的是指令验证。  
也就是说angularjs的验证是结合了HTML5表单验证规范。  
代码如下；

Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required ng-maxlength="10" />
    					<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
                            <span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.maxlength">10max length</span>
    					</span>

我们也可以通过自定义指令来实现更加自由的验证方式。如下代码我们定义了一个叫做phone的验证，并加入到当前控制器中。

//使用指令自定义表单验证规则
    			myApp.directive("myValDirective", function() {
    			    return {
    				    require: "ngModel",
    				    link: function(scope, element, attr, mCtrl) {
    				        function myValidation(value) {
    				        	if (/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value)) {
    				            	mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', true);
    				        	} else {
    				            	mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', false);
    				        	}
    				        	return value;
    				        }
    				        mCtrl.$parsers.push(myValidation);
    				    }
    			    };
    			});

然后我们把定义好的指令放在标签上。通过$error.phone进行错误信息的显示控制。

Phone: <input type="text" name="myPhone" ng-model="myPhone" required my-val-directive />
    		<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$touched && myForm.myPhone.$invalid" style="color:red;">
    			<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.required">Phone is required.</span>
    			<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.phone">Invalid Phone format.</span>
    		</span>

以上完整代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
    
    <html ng-app="myApp">
    	<head>
    		<meta charset="utf-8" />
    		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
    		<title>Form - AngularJS Test</title>
    		<style type="text/css">
    			.test-div {margin:15px;padding:15px;border:1px solid #ccc;}
    			input.ng-invalid {background-color:#FFFF00;}
    		</style>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div class="test-div" ng-controller="myCtrl">
    			<form name="myForm" action="#" novalidate>
    				<p>
    					First Name: <input type="text" name="firstName" ng-model="user.firstName" required />
    					<span ng-show="myForm.firstName.$touched && myForm.firstName.$invalid" style="color:red;">First Name is required.</span>
    				</p>
    				<p>
    					Last Name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.lastName" required />
    					<span ng-show="myForm.lastName.$touched && myForm.lastName.$invalid" style="color:red;">Last Name is required.</span>
    				</p>
    				<p>
    					Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required ng-maxlength="10" />
    					<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
                            <span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.maxlength">10max length</span>
    					</span>
    				</p>
    				<p>
    					Phone: <input type="text" name="myPhone" ng-model="myPhone" required my-val-directive />
    					<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$touched && myForm.myPhone.$invalid" style="color:red;">
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.required">Phone is required.</span>
    						<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.phone">Invalid Phone format.</span>
    					</span>
    				</p>
    				<button ng-click="resetForm()">Reset</button>
    			</form>
    			<p>form = {
       {user}}</p>
    			<p>origin = {
       {origin}}</p>
    		</div>
    		
    		<script type="text/javascript" src="static/js/angular-1.5.8.js"></script>
    		<script type="text/javascript">
    			/**
    			 * Forms in AngularJS provides data-binding and validation of input controls: input select button textarea.
    			 * AngularJS offers client-side form validation.
    			 */
    			
    			var myApp = angular.module("myApp", []);
    			
    			//使用指令自定义表单验证规则
    			myApp.directive("myValDirective", function() {
    			    return {
    				    require: "ngModel",
    				    link: function(scope, element, attr, mCtrl) {
    				        function myValidation(value) {
    				        	if (/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value)) {
    				            	mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', true);
    				        	} else {
    				            	mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', false);
    				        	}
    				        	return value;
    				        }
    				        mCtrl.$parsers.push(myValidation);
    				    }
    			    };
    			});
    			
    			myApp.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
    				$scope.origin = {"firstName":"Neo","lastName":"Huang"};
    				$scope.resetForm = function() {
    					$scope.user = angular.copy($scope.origin);
    				};
    				$scope.resetForm();
    			});
    		</script>
    	</body>
    </html>