C#学习总结(2)——窗口程序简述

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-06-06 05:55 155阅读 0赞

*  本篇博客所讲内容围绕Microsoft Visual Studio 2010开发工具，其他版本的相关操作略有不同，但是大同小异
 *  本篇博客的作用只是作为记录知识点的作用，不涉及软件工程问题

--------------------

### 窗口使用 ###

1、添加控件  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]  
一般打开项目中的窗口类就会自动打开工具箱，如上图所示，把工具箱里的控件拖到窗口中即可。

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2、修改、添加控件属性或事件  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]  
先点击窗口中的控件，然后会默认进行“属性”窗口，如上图所示。注意属性窗口上方的两个红框，第一个红框（和本子差不多的图标）是属性，可自行选中属性进行修改，第二个红框（和闪电差不多的图标）是事件。选中事件后，双击就进行编程序的界面。

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### 项目结构 ###

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

*  Form1.css是窗口类，包括前台设计和后台代码
 *  Program.cs 是程序入口
 *  从设计界面到代码界面： 在设计界面上右键——查看代码

另外需要注意的是，如果不小心把某窗口关了，例如把控件的属性关了。  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]可以左侧图片所述位置添加所需窗口。

--------------------

### 后台代码 ###

1、Form加载事件：  
即窗口才出现时执行的方法。双击窗口即可。  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

--------------------

2、事件代码：  
例如，给button添加点击监听事件  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

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### 小案例： ###

采集个人信息，效果如下：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 6]

前台设计部分代码（主要看每个控件的name）：

private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
            private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_stuno;
            private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_name;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label6;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label7;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_collage;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_zhuanye;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_grade;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_class;
            private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
            private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox2;
            private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox gb_sex;
            private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton rb_women;
            private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton rb_man;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label8;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_day;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_mouth;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cb_year;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label10;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label9;
            private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox gb_habit;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox6;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox5;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox4;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox3;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox2;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox1;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox7;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox8;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox9;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox10;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox11;
            private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox checkBox12;
            private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox5;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox lb_base;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_addpart;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_addall;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_delall;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_delpart;
            private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox lb_result;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Label label11;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_clearperson;
            private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_addperson;
            private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox rtb_text;

后台代码：

public partial class Form1 : Form
        {
            public Form1()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
    
                //添加学院
                cb_collage.Items.Add("机械与车辆工程学院");
                cb_collage.Items.Add("信息科学与工程学院");
    
                for (int i = 2010; i < 2021; i++)
                {
                    //添加年级
                    cb_grade.Items.Add(i + "");
                    //添加出生日期的年份
                    cb_year.Items.Add(i - 20 + "");
    
                }
                for (int i = 1; i < 13; i++)
                {
                    //添加出生日期的月份
                    cb_mouth.Items.Add(i + "");
                }
    
                //添加课程
                lb_base.Items.Add("计算机科学导论");
                lb_base.Items.Add("高等数学");
                lb_base.Items.Add("数据结构");
                lb_base.Items.Add("编译原理");
                lb_base.Items.Add("微机原理");
                lb_base.Items.Add("数据库原理");
                lb_base.Items.Add(".NET程序设计");
                lb_base.Items.Add("Java程序设计");
    
    
            }
    
            private void cb_collage_SelectedValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                cb_zhuanye.Items.Clear();
    
                string collage = cb_collage.SelectedItem.ToString();
                switch (collage)
                {
                    case "机械与车辆工程学院":
                        cb_zhuanye.Items.Add("机械专业");
                        cb_zhuanye.Items.Add("车辆专业");
                        break;
                    case "信息科学与工程学院":
                        cb_zhuanye.Items.Add("计科");
                        cb_zhuanye.Items.Add("软件");
                        break;
                }
                cb_zhuanye.SelectedIndex = 0;
    
            }
    
            private void cb_zhuanye_SelectedValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                cb_class.Items.Clear();
                string zhuanye = cb_zhuanye.SelectedItem.ToString();
                switch (zhuanye)
                {
                    case "机械专业":
                        cb_class.Items.Add("机械1班");
                        cb_class.Items.Add("机械2班");
                        break;
                    case "车辆专业":
                        cb_class.Items.Add("车辆1班");
                        cb_class.Items.Add("车辆2班");
                        break;
                    case "计科":
                        cb_class.Items.Add("计科1班");
                        cb_class.Items.Add("计科2班");
                        cb_class.Items.Add("计科3班");
                        break;
                    case "软件":
                        cb_class.Items.Add("软件1班");
                        cb_class.Items.Add("软件2班");
                        break;
                }
                cb_class.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
    
            private void cb_year_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                //如果选了月份之后 又选择或修改了年份
                if (cb_mouth.SelectedItem != null)
                {
                    getDays();
                }
            }
    
            private void cb_mouth_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                //选了年份之后 又选择或修改了月份
                if (cb_year.SelectedItem != null)
                {
                    getDays();
                }
            }
    
    
            //根据年份和月份确定日期
            public void getDays()
            {
                cb_day.Items.Clear();
                int mouth = int.Parse(cb_mouth.SelectedItem.ToString());
                int year = int.Parse(cb_year.SelectedItem.ToString());
                int index = 0;
                if (mouth == 1 || mouth == 3 || mouth == 5 || mouth == 7 || mouth == 8 || mouth == 10 || mouth == 12)
                {
                    index = 31;
                }
                else if (mouth == 2)
                {
                    //判断是否闰年
                    if (year % 400 == 0 || year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0)
                    {
                        index = 29;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        index = 28;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    index = 30;
                }
                for (int i = 1; i < (index + 1); i++)
                {
                    cb_day.Items.Add(i + "");
                }
            }
    
            private void bt_addpart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                if (lb_base.SelectedItem!=null)
                {
                    string result = lb_base.SelectedItem.ToString();
                    lb_result.Items.Add(result);
                    lb_base.Items.Remove(result);
                }
    
            }
    
            private void bt_addall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                lb_result.Items.AddRange(lb_base.Items);
                lb_base.Items.Clear();
    
            }
    
            private void bt_delall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                lb_base.Items.AddRange(lb_result.Items);
                lb_result.Items.Clear();
            }
    
            private void bt_delpart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                if (lb_result.SelectedItem!=null)
                {
                    string result = lb_result.SelectedItem.ToString();
                    lb_base.Items.Add(result);
                    lb_result.Items.Remove(result);
                }
    
            }
    
            private void bt_addperson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string stu_no = tb_stuno.Text;
                string name = tb_name.Text;
    
                string college = cb_collage.SelectedItem != null?cb_collage.SelectedItem.ToString():"";
                string zhuanye = cb_zhuanye.SelectedItem != null?cb_zhuanye.SelectedItem.ToString():"";
                string grade = cb_grade.SelectedItem!=null?cb_grade.SelectedItem.ToString():"";
                string class_ = cb_class.SelectedItem != null ? cb_class.SelectedItem.ToString() : "";
    
                string sex = "";
    
                //添加信息
                if (rb_man.Checked) {
                    sex = "男";
                }
                if (rb_women.Checked)
                {
                    sex = "女";
                }
    
    
                string brith = "";
                if (cb_year.SelectedItem != null && cb_mouth.SelectedItem != null && cb_day.SelectedItem!=null)
                {
                    brith = cb_year.SelectedItem.ToString() + "--" + cb_mouth.SelectedItem.ToString() + "--" + cb_day.SelectedItem.ToString();
                }
    
                string habits = "";
                //获取爱好
                foreach(Control con in gb_habit.Controls){
                    if(con is CheckBox){
                        CheckBox cb = (CheckBox)con;
                        if(cb.Checked){
                            habits = habits + cb.Text + "  ";
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                //获取课程
                string course = "";
                for (int i = 0; i < lb_result.Items.Count;i++ )
                {
                    if (i != (lb_result.Items.Count - 1))
                    {
                        course = course + lb_result.Items[i] + ",";
                    }
                    else {
                        course = course + lb_result.Items[i];
                    }
    
                }
                string temp = rtb_text.Text;
                string result_msg = string.Format("学号：{0}，姓名：{1}，学院：{2}，专业：{3}，年级：{4}，班级：{5}，性别：{6}，出生日期：{7}，业余爱好：{8}，课程：{9}，备注：{10}",stu_no,name,college,zhuanye,grade,class_,sex,brith,habits,course,temp);
                MessageBox.Show(result_msg); 
    
    
            }
        }

[SouthEast]: /images/20220606/78a9538f46e7462881d32ea81c426cf1.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220606/688283a15ba542d29d7baf90213c7a50.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220606/7a453b290cc94b92af8efb164cd7ce14.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220606/1b02f684c9dd41f9a1228590bcd1a28f.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220606/ff957fc30ab34d51bf87879c43a70a1c.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220606/5a65c6a6055748c0967ceb1cc0182198.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220606/170f6d55b5e3431fac98f5e59eaa88f9.png