Kubernetes常用命令（kubectl）

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2022-06-07 08:57 204阅读 0赞

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## 1. kubectl介绍 ##

kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

Usage:  
kubectl \[flags\]  
kubectl \[command\]

[root@node5 ~]# kubectl --help
    kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
    Find more information at https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.
    Usage:
      kubectl [flags]
      kubectl [command]
    Available Commands:
      get            Display one or many resources
      describe       Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
      create         Create a resource by filename or stdin
      replace        Replace a resource by filename or stdin.
      patch          Update field(s) of a resource by stdin.
      delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector.
      edit           Edit a resource on the server
      apply          Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin
      namespace      SUPERSEDED: Set and view the current Kubernetes namespace
      logs           Print the logs for a container in a pod.
      restart        Restart a container in a pod.
      rolling-update Perform a rolling update of the given ReplicationController.
      scale          Set a new size for a Replication Controller.
      attach         Attach to a running container.
      exec           Execute a command in a container.
      port-forward   Forward one or more local ports to a pod.
      proxy          Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
      run            Run a particular image on the cluster.
      stop           Deprecated: Gracefully shut down a resource by name or filename.
      expose         Take a replication controller, service or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes Service
      autoscale      Auto-scale a replication controller
      label          Update the labels on a resource
      annotate       Update the annotations on a resource
      config         config modifies kubeconfig files
      cluster-info   Display cluster info
      api-versions   Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version".
      version        Print the client and server version information.
      help           Help about any command
    Flags:
          --alsologtostderr[=false]: log to standard error as well as files
          --api-version="": The API version to use when talking to the server
          --certificate-authority="": Path to a cert. file for the certificate authority.
          --client-certificate="": Path to a client key file for TLS.
          --client-key="": Path to a client key file for TLS.
          --cluster="": The name of the kubeconfig cluster to use
          --context="": The name of the kubeconfig context to use
          --insecure-skip-tls-verify[=false]: If true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connectionsinsecure.
          --kubeconfig="": Path to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.
          --log-backtrace-at=:0: when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace
          --log-dir="": If non-empty, write log files in this directory
          --log-flush-frequency=5s: Maximum number of seconds between log flushes
          --logtostderr[=true]: log to standard error instead of files
          --match-server-version[=false]: Require server version to match client version
          --namespace="": If present, the namespace scope for this CLI request.
          --password="": Password for basic authentication to the API server.
      -s, --server="": The address and port of the Kubernetes API server
          --stderrthreshold=2: logs at or above this threshold go to stderr
          --token="": Bearer token for authentication to the API server.
          --user="": The name of the kubeconfig user to use
          --username="": Username for basic authentication to the API server.
          --v=0: log level for V logs
          --vmodule=: comma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging
    
    Use "kubectl [command] --help" for more information about a command.

## 2. 操作的资源对象 ##

1.  Node
2.  Podes
3.  Replication Controllers
4.  Services
5.  Namespace
6.  ComponentStatus

## 3. kubectl命令分类\[command\] ##

### 3.1 增 ###

1）create:\[Create a resource by filename or stdin\]

2）run:\[ Run a particular image on the cluster\]

3）apply:\[Apply a configuration to a resource by filename or stdin\]

4）proxy:\[Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server \]

### 3.2 删 ###

1）delete:\[Delete resources \]

### 3.3 改 ###

1）scale:\[Set a new size for a Replication Controller\]

2）exec:\[Execute a command in a container\]

3）attach:\[Attach to a running container\]

4）patch:\[Update field(s) of a resource by stdin\]

5）edit:\[Edit a resource on the server\]

6） label:\[Update the labels on a resource\]

7）annotate:\[Auto-scale a replication controller\]

8）replace:\[Replace a resource by filename or stdin\]

9）config:\[config modifies kubeconfig files\]

### 3.4 查 ###

1）get:\[Display one or many resources\]

2）describe:\[Show details of a specific resource or group of resources\]

3）log:\[Print the logs for a container in a pod\]

4）cluster-info:\[Display cluster info\]

5） version:\[Print the client and server version information\]

6）api-versions:\[Print the supported API versions\]

## 4. 配置K8S环境 ##

### 4.1 非安全方式 ###

kubectl config set-cluster k8s --server=http://<url> 
    kubectl config set-context <namespace> --cluster=k8s --namespace=<namespace> 
    
    kubectl config use-context <namespace>

### 4.2 安全方式 ###

kubectl config set-cluster k8s --server=https://<url> --insecure-skip-tls-verify=true
    kubectl config set-credentials k8s-user --username=<username> --password=<password>
    
    kubectl config set-context <namespace> --cluster=k8s --user=k8s-user --namespace=<namespace> 
    kubectl config use-context <namespace>

### 4.3 查询当前配置环境 ###

[root@mysql2 ]# kubectl cluster-info
    Kubernetes master is running at http://192.168.19.2:8081

## 5. Pod相关命令 ##

### 5.1 查询Pod ###

kubectl get pod -o wide --namespace=<NAMESPACE>

### 5.2 进入Pod ###

kubectl exec -it <Pod_NAME> /bin/bash --namespace=<namespace>

### 5.3 删除Pod ###

kubectl delete pod wsop-proxy-1-0-9-ii97y

### 5.4 日志查看 ###

$ 查看运行容器日志 
    kubectl logs wsop-proxy-1-0-9-ii97y --namespace=<namespace>
    $ 查看上一个挂掉的容器日志 
    kubectl logs wsop-proxy-1-0-9-ii97y -p --namespace=<namespace>

## 6. Node隔离与恢复 ##

说明：Node设置隔离之后，原先运行在该Node上的Pod不受影响，后续的Pod不会调度到被隔离的Node上。

**1. Node隔离**

kubectl patch node <NodeName> -p '{
       "spec":{
       "unschedulable":true}}'

**2. Node恢复**

kubectl patch node <NodeName> -p '{
       "spec":{
       "unschedulable":false}}'

## 7. kubectl label ##

**1. 固定Pod到指定机器**

kubectl label node <NodeName> namespace/<NAMESPACE>=true

**2. 取消Pod固定机器**

kubectl label node <NodeName> namespace/<NAMESPACE>-

## 8. kubectl 自动补全 ##