TensorFlow的安装

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-06-08 08:17 140阅读 0赞

1、官网介绍TensorFlow的安装，可以先了解一下。  
[https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.12/get\_started/os\_setup\#pip\_installation][https_www.tensorflow.org_versions_r0.12_get_started_os_setup_pip_installation]  
2、下面我们选择pip安装方法。  
安装好以后导入tensorflow的模块  
如果报下面的错误一：

[root@localhost ~]python
    Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul  5 2017, 15:14:54)
    [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import tensorflow
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
        from tensorflow.python import *
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
        from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 52, in <module>
        raise ImportError(msg)
    ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 41, in <module>
        from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
        _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
      File "/opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
        _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
    ImportError: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /opt/Python-2.7.13/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so)
     
     
    Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.
     
    See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources#common_installation_problems

[root@localhost ~]# strings /lib64/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC_
    GLIBC_2.2.5
    GLIBC_2.2.6
    GLIBC_2.3
    GLIBC_2.3.2
    GLIBC_2.3.3
    GLIBC_2.3.4
    GLIBC_2.4
    GLIBC_2.5
    GLIBC_2.6
    GLIBC_2.7
    GLIBC_2.8
    GLIBC_2.9
    GLIBC_2.10
    GLIBC_2.11
    GLIBC_2.12
    GLIBC_PRIVATE

### glibc版本需glibc2.14（升级到2.17）,如下升级： ###

[root@localhost soft]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.17.tar.gz
    [root@localhost soft]# tar xf glibc-2.17.tar.gz
    [root@localhost soft]# cd glibc-2.17
    [root@localhost glibc-2.17]# mkdir build; cd build
    [root@localhost build]# ../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin

**这里可能会报错,错误信息如下：**

LD_LIBRARY_PATH shouldn't contain the current directory when building glibc. Please change the environment variable

解决方法：  
打印出你的`echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH`的值，你会发现结尾会有一个“”：“”号，该值的解释这里引用其他人写的博客，我也是按照这个方法的去做的，我的操作是将`$LD_LIBRARY_PATH`值的末尾的冒号去掉了.  
[http://blog.csdn.net/ldl22847/article/details/18702645][http_blog.csdn.net_ldl22847_article_details_18702645]  
[http://blog.csdn.net/anda0109/article/details/39229597][http_blog.csdn.net_anda0109_article_details_39229597]

接下来就是编译安装了，然后我们看看glibc升级到2.17这个版本了。

[root@localhost build]# make
    [root@localhost build]# make install
    [root@localhost build]# strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
    GLIBC_2.2.5
    GLIBC_2.2.6
    GLIBC_2.3
    GLIBC_2.3.2
    GLIBC_2.3.3
    GLIBC_2.3.4
    GLIBC_2.4
    GLIBC_2.5
    GLIBC_2.6
    GLIBC_2.7
    GLIBC_2.8
    GLIBC_2.9
    GLIBC_2.10
    GLIBC_2.11
    GLIBC_2.12
    GLIBC_2.13
    GLIBC_2.14
    GLIBC_2.15
    GLIBC_2.16
    GLIBC_2.17
    GLIBC_PRIVATE

`import tensorflow` 模块可能出现的错误二：

Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul 14 2017, 16:05:15)
    [GCC 4.8.1] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import tensorflow as tf
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
        from tensorflow.python import *
      File "/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 72, in <module>
        raise ImportError(msg)
    ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 61, in <module>
        from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
      File "/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 28, in <module>
        _pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
      File "/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
        _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow', fp, pathname, description)
    ImportError: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.19' not found (required by /opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so)
     
     
    Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.
     
    See https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/g3doc/get_started/os_setup.md#import_error

这里指出gcc的版本太低导致的，至于如何升级gcc的版本，之前写过一个gcc的文档。[gcc的离线安装][gcc]

运行以下命令检查动态库：

[root@localhost common]# strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC
    GLIBCXX_3.4
    GLIBCXX_3.4.1
    GLIBCXX_3.4.2
    GLIBCXX_3.4.3
    GLIBCXX_3.4.4
    GLIBCXX_3.4.5
    GLIBCXX_3.4.6
    GLIBCXX_3.4.7
    GLIBCXX_3.4.8
    GLIBCXX_3.4.9
    GLIBCXX_3.4.10
    GLIBCXX_3.4.11
    GLIBCXX_3.4.12
    GLIBCXX_3.4.13
    GLIBC_2.2.5
    GLIBC_2.3
    GLIBC_2.4
    GLIBC_2.3.2
    GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
    GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH

解决了这么多问题，当我们在引入这个模块的时候，还是有错，这可能是TensorFlow依赖其他的包,没办法继续pip install。  
tensorflow依赖的python库安装：

pip install ipython numpy scipy pandas jupyter gensim scikit-learn polyglot

这里最好一个一个去安装。

感觉应该差不多了，导入该模块，发现尼玛又出错了，找了半天，原来是编码问题。  
如果报 undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS4\_AsASIIString 错误，是因为python和某个你用的库编译时指定的UCS编码不对导致，编译python时,可以通过指定–enable-unicode\[=ucs\[24\]\]来选择使用UCS2或者UCS4，如下：  
![SouthEast][]  
解决方法：

[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4
    [root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# make
    [root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# make install

这里相当于重新编译了python,可能会与之前安装的有所冲突，如果冲突了，重新修改环境变零或者创建软链接。

[https_www.tensorflow.org_versions_r0.12_get_started_os_setup_pip_installation]: https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.12/get_started/os_setup#pip_installation
[http_blog.csdn.net_ldl22847_article_details_18702645]: http://blog.csdn.net/ldl22847/article/details/18702645
[http_blog.csdn.net_anda0109_article_details_39229597]: http://blog.csdn.net/anda0109/article/details/39229597
[gcc]: http://blog.csdn.net/wyl9527/article/details/72598114
[SouthEast]: /images/20220608/eaec243d572f47e6947441238ac13d97.png