基于docker容器搭建java应用运行环境

短命女 2022-06-10 02:14 144阅读 0赞

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## 基于docker容器搭建java应用运行环境 ##

时间:2017年7月8日 来源:互联网 作者:小恩 我要评论

本文会对虚拟化技术与 Docker 容器技术做一个对比，然后引出一些 Docker 的名词术语，比如：容器、镜像等，随后将使用 Docker 搭建一个 Java Web 运行环境，最后将对本文做一个总结。

[![Image 1][]![Image 1][]][Image 1_Image 1]

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 <td> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> Docker 是 2014 年最为火爆的技术之一，几乎所有的程序员都听说过它。Docker 是一种“轻量级”容器技术，它几乎动摇了传统虚拟化技术的地位，现在国内外已经有越来越多的公司开始逐步使用 Docker 来替换现有的虚拟化平台了。作为一名 Java 程序员，我们是时候一起把 Docker 学起来了！ <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 本文会对虚拟化技术与 Docker 容器技术做一个对比，然后引出一些 Docker 的名词术语，比如：容器、镜像等，随后将使用 Docker 搭建一个 Java Web 运行环境，最后将对本文做一个总结。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 我们先来回顾一下传统虚拟化技术的体系架构： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> <img alt="虚拟化技术" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-size:0px; color:transparent; vertical-align:middle; max-width:100%; height:auto"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 可见，我们在宿主机的操作系统上，可安装了多个虚拟机，而在每个虚拟机中，通过虚拟化技术，实现了一个虚拟操作系统，随后，就可以在该虚拟操作系统上，安装自己所需的应用程序了。这一切看似非常简单，但其中的技术细节是相当高深莫测的，大神级人物都不一定说得清楚。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 凡是使用过虚拟机的同学，应该都知道，启动虚拟机就像启动一台计算机，初始化过程是相当慢的，我们需要等很久，才能看到登录界面。一旦虚拟机启动以后，就可以与宿主机建立网络连接，确保虚拟机与宿主机之间是互联互通的。不同的虚拟机之间却是相互隔离的，也就是说，彼此并不知道对方的存在，但每个虚拟机占用的都是宿主机的硬件与网络资源。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 我们再来对比一下 Docker 技术的体系架构吧： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> <img alt="Docker 技术" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-size:0px; color:transparent; vertical-align:middle; max-width:100%; height:auto"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 可见，在宿主机的操作系统上，有一个 Docker 服务在运行（或者称为“Docker 引擎”），在此服务上，我们可开启多个 Docker 容器，而每个 Docker 容器中可运行自己所需的应用程序，Docker 容器之间也是相互隔离的，同样地，都是占用的宿主机的硬件与网络资源。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> Docker 容器相对于虚拟机而言，除了在技术实现上完全不一样以外，启动速度较虚拟机而言有本质的飞跃，启动一个容器只在眨眼瞬间。不管是虚拟机还是 Docker 容器，它们都是为了隔离应用程序的运行环境，节省我们的硬件资源，为我们开发人员提供福利。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 我们再来看看 Docker 的 Logo 吧： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> <img alt="Docker Logo" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-size:0px; color:transparent; vertical-align:middle; max-width:100%; height:auto"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 很明显，这是一只鲸鱼，它托着许多集装箱。我们可以把宿主机可当做这只鲸鱼，把相互隔离的容器可看成集装箱，每个集装箱中都包含自己的应用程序。这 Logo 简直的太形象了！ 
 <blockquote style="border:0px; margin:0px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; line-height:21px; font-family:&quot;Noticia Text&quot;,Georgia,serif; font-style:italic; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
 需要强调的是，笔者并非否定虚拟化技术，而是想通过本文让更多的读者了解如何使用 Docker 技术，让大家知道除了虚拟化技术以外，还有另一种替代技术，也能让应用程序隔离起来。 
 </blockquote> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 下面，我们将结合一个 Java Web 应用的部署过程，来描述如何“烹饪”Docker 这份美味佳肴。您准备好了吗？我们现在就开始！ <h1 style="border:0px; margin:-10px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:28px; font-weight:normal; line-height:42px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 原料</h1> <h2 style="border:0px; margin:-9px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:24px; font-weight:normal; line-height:36px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 前提条件</h2> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 首先，您要准备一个 CentOS 的操作系统，虚拟机也行。总之，可以通过 Linux 客户端工具访问到 CentOS 操作系统就行。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 需要说明的是，Ubuntu 或其它 Linux 操作系统也能玩 Docker，只不过本文选择了以 CentOS 为例，仅此而已。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> CentOS 具体要求如下： 
 <ol style="border:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; list-style-position:inside; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
 <li> 必须是 64 位操作系统 </li> 
 <li> 建议内核在 3.8 以上 </li> 
 </ol> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 通过以下命令查看您的 CentOS 内核： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> <code style="white-space:pre; border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">uname</code> <code style="white-space:pre; border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">-r</code> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 如果执行以上命令后，输出的内核版本号低于 3.8，请参考下面的方法来来升级您的 Linux 内核。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 对于 CentOS 6.5 而言，内核版本默认是 2.6。首先，可通过以下命令安装最新内核： 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">rpm --</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-weight:bold!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">import</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> https:</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important">//www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org</code> 
 </div> 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">rpm -ivh http:</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important">//www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm</code> 
 </div> 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">yum -y --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt</code> 
 </div> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 随后，编辑以下配置文件： 
 <table> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tr style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
 <div style="border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 1 
 </div> </td> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">vi /etc/grub.conf</code> 
 </div> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 将<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">default=1</code>修改为<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">default=0</code>。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 最后，通过<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">reboot</code>命令重启操作系统。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 重启后如果不出意外的话，再次查看内核，您的 CentOS 内核将会显示为 3.10。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 如果到这里，您和我们所期望的结果是一致的。恭喜您！下面我们就一起来安装 Docker 了。 <h2 style="border:0px; margin:-9px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:24px; font-weight:normal; line-height:36px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 安装 Docker</h2> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 只需通过以下命令即可安装 Docker 软件： 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">rpm -Uvh http:</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important">//download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</code> 
 </div> 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">yum -y install docker-io</code> 
 </div> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
 <table> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tr style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; word-break:break-all"> &nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 可使用以下命令，查看 Docker 是否安装成功： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> docker version 若输出了 Docker 的版本号，则说明安装成功，我们下面就可以开始使用 Docker 了。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 可通过以下命令启动 Docker 服务： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> ervice docker start 
 <table> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tr style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> &nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table> <h1 style="border:0px; margin:-10px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:28px; font-weight:normal; line-height:42px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 做法</h1> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 就像曾经安装软件一样，我们首先需要有一张刻录了该软件的光盘，如果您使用的是虚拟光驱，那么就需要运行一种名为“镜像”的文件，通过它来安装软件。在 Docker 的世界里，也有一个名为“镜像”的东西，已经安装我们所需的操作系统，我们一般成为“Docker 镜像”，本文简称“镜像”。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 那么问题来了，我们从哪里下载镜像呢？ <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> Docker 官网&nbsp;确实已经提供了所有的镜像下载地址，可惜在国内却是无法访问的。幸好国内好心人提供了一个Docker 中文网，在该网站上可以下载我们所需的 Docker 镜像。 <h2 style="border:0px; margin:-9px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:24px; font-weight:normal; line-height:36px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 下载镜像</h2> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 我们不妨还是以 CentOS 为例，通过以下步骤，下载一个 CentOS 的镜像。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 首先，访问 Docker 中文网，在首页中搜索名为“centos”的镜像，在搜索的结果中，有一个“官方镜像”，它就是我们所需的。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 然后，进入 CentOS 官方镜像页面，在“Pull this repository”输入框中，有一段命令，把它复制下来，在自己的命令行上运行该命令，随后将立即下载该镜像。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 最后，使用以下命令查看本地所有的镜像：docker images 
 <table> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tr style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> &nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 当下载完成后，您应该会看到： 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">REPOSITORY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TAG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IMAGE ID&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CREATED&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VIRTUAL SIZE</code> 
 </div> 
 <div style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">docker.cn/docker/centos&nbsp;&nbsp; centos6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25c5298b1a36&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,153,0)!important">7</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> weeks ago&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,153,0)!important">215.8</code> 
 <code style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> MB</code> 
 </div> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
 <table> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tr style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; word-break:break-all"> &nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
 </table> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 如果看到以上输出，说明您可以使用“docker.cn/docker/centos”这个镜像了，或将其称为仓库（Repository），该镜像有一个名为“centos6”的标签（Tag），此外还有一个名为“25c5298b1a36 ”的镜像 ID（可能您所看到的镜像 ID 与此处的不一致，那是正常现象，因为这个数字是随机生成的）。此外，我们可以看到该镜像只有 215.8 MB，非常小巧，而不像虚拟机的镜像文件那样庞大。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 现在镜像已经有了，我们下面就需要使用该镜像，来启动容器。 <h2 style="border:0px; margin:-9px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:24px; font-weight:normal; line-height:36px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 启动容器</h2> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 容器是在镜像的基础上来运行的，一旦容器启动了，我们就可以登录到容器中，安装自己所需的软件或应用程序。既然镜像已经下载到本地，那么如何才能启动容器呢？ <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 只需使用以下命令即可启动容器： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> docker run -i -t -v /root/software/:/mnt/software/ 25c5298b1a36 /bin/bash 
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 <tbody style="border:0px!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
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 <td style="border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; word-break:break-all"> &nbsp;</td> 
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 </table> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 这条命令比较长，我们稍微分解一下，其实包含以下三个部分： <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> docker run &lt;相关参数&gt; &lt;镜像 ID&gt; &lt;初始命令&gt;其中，相关参数包括： 
 <ul style="border:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; list-style-position:inside; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 
 <li> <code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">-i</code>：表示以“交互模式”运行容器 </li> 
 <li> <code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">-t</code>：表示容器启动后会进入其命令行 </li> 
 <li> <code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">-v</code>：表示需要将本地哪个目录挂载到容器中，格式：-v &lt;宿主机目录&gt;:&lt;容器目录&gt; </li> 
 </ul> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 假设我们的所有安装程序都放在了宿主机的<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">/root/software/</code>目录下，现在需要将其挂载到容器的<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">/mnt/software/</code>目录下。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 需要说明的是，不一定要使用“镜像 ID”，也可以使用“仓库名:标签名”，例如：docker.cn/docker/centos:centos6。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 初始命令表示一旦容器启动，需要运行的命令，此时使用“/bin/bash”，表示什么也不做，只需进入命令行即可。 <h2 style="border:0px; margin:-9px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:24px; font-weight:normal; line-height:36px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 安装相关软件</h2> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 为了搭建 Java Web 运行环境，我们需要安装 JDK 与 Tomcat，下面的过程均在容器内部进行。我们不妨选择<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">/opt/</code>目录作为安装目录，首先需要通过<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">cd /opt/</code>命令进入该目录。 安装 JDK 首先，解压 JDK 程序包： tar -zxf /mnt/software/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz -C . 然后，重命名 JDK 目录： mv jdk1.7.0_67/ jdk/ 安装 Tomcat 首先，解压 Tomcat 程序包： tar -zxf /mnt/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz -C . 然后，重命名 Tomcat 目录： mv apache-tomcat-7.0.55/ tomcat/ 设置环境变量 首先，编辑.bashrc文件 vi ~/.bashrc 然后，在该文件末尾添加如下配置： export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME 最后，需要使用source命令，让环境变量生效： source ~/.bashrc 编写运行脚本 我们需要编写一个运行脚本，当启动容器时，运行该脚本，启动 Tomcat，具体过程如下： 首先，创建运行脚本： vi /root/run.sh 然后，编辑脚本内容如下： #!/bin/bash source ~/.bashrc sh /opt/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh run 注意：这里必须先加载环境变量，然后使用 Tomcat 的运行脚本来启动 Tomcat 服务。 最后，为运行脚本添加执行权限： chmod u+x /root/run.sh 退出容器 当以上步骤全部完成后，可使用exit命令，退出容器。 随后，可使用如下命令查看正在运行的容器： docker ps 此时，您应该看不到任何正在运行的程序，因为刚才已经使用exit命令退出的容器，此时容器处于停止状态，可使用如下命令查看所有容器： docker ps -a 输出如下内容： CONTAINER ID &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;IMAGE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; COMMAND &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CREATED &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; STATUS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;PORTS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; NAMES 57c312bbaad1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;docker.cn/docker/centos:centos6 &nbsp; "/bin/bash" &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 27 minutes ago &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Exited (0) 19 seconds ago &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; naughty_goldstine 记住以上CONTAINER ID（容器 ID），随后我们将通过该容器，创建一个可运行 Java Web 的镜像。 创建 Java Web 镜像 使用以下命令，根据某个“容器 ID”来创建一个新的“镜像”： docker commit 57c312bbaad1 huangyong/javaweb:0.1 该容器的 ID 是“57c312bbaad1”，所创建的镜像名是“huangyong/javaweb:0.1”，随后可使用镜像来启动 Java Web 容器。 启动 Java Web 容器 有必要首先使用docker images命令，查看当前所有的镜像： REPOSITORY &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;TAG &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IMAGE ID &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;CREATED &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; VIRTUAL SIZE huangyong/javaweb &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fc826a4706af &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;38 seconds ago &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;562.8 MB docker.cn/docker/centos &nbsp; centos6 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 25c5298b1a36 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;7 weeks ago &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 215.8 MB 可见，此时已经看到了最新创建的镜像“huangyong/javaweb:0.1”，其镜像 ID 是“fc826a4706af”。正如上面所描述的那样，我们可以通过“镜像名”或“镜像 ID”来启动容器，与上次启动容器不同的是，我们现在不再进入容器的命令行，而是直接启动容器内部的 Tomcat 服务。此时，需要使用以下命令： docker run -d -p 58080:8080 --name javaweb huangyong/javaweb:0.1 /root/run.sh 稍作解释： -d：表示以“守护模式”执行/root/run.sh脚本，此时 Tomcat 控制台不会出现在输出终端上。 -p：表示宿主机与容器的端口映射，此时将容器内部的 8080 端口映射为宿主机的 58080 端口，这样就向外界暴露了 58080 端口，可通过 Docker 网桥来访问容器内部的 8080 端口了。 --name：表示容器名称，用一个有意义的名称命名即可。 关于 Docker 网桥的内容，需要补充说明一下。实际上 Docker 在宿主机与容器之间，搭建了一座网络通信的桥梁，我们可通过宿主机 IP 地址与端口号来映射容器内部的 IP 地址与端口号， 在一系列参数后面的是“镜像名”或“镜像 ID”，怎么方便就怎么来。最后是“初始命令”，它是上面编写的运行脚本，里面封装了加载环境变量并启动 Tomcat 服务的命令。 当运行以上命令后，会立即输出一长串“容器 ID”，我们可通过docker ps命令来查看当前正在运行的容器。 CONTAINER ID &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;IMAGE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; COMMAND &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CREATED &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; STATUS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;PORTS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; NAMES 82f47923f926 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;huangyong/javaweb:0.1 &nbsp; "/root/run.sh" &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 seconds ago &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Up 3 seconds &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;0.0.0.0:58080-&gt;8080/tcp &nbsp; javaweb 品尝 在浏览器中，输入以下地址，即可访问 Tomcat 首页： http://192.168.65.132:58080/ 注意：这里使用的是宿主机的 IP 地址，与对外暴露的端口号 58080，它映射容器内部的端口号 8080。 <h1 style="border:0px; margin:-10px 0px 20px; padding:0px; font-size:28px; font-weight:normal; line-height:42px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 总结</h1> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 通过本文，我们了解了 Docker 是什么？它与虚拟机的差别在哪里？以及如何安装 Docker？如何下载 Docker 镜像？如何运行 Docker 容器？如何在容器内安装应用程序？如何在容器上创建镜像？如何以服务的方式启动容器？这一切看似简单，但操作也是相当繁琐的，不过熟能生巧，需要我们不断地操练。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 除了这种手工生成 Docker 镜像的方式以外，还有一种更像是写代码一样，可以自动地创建 Docker 镜像的方式。只需要我们编写一个 Dockerfile 文件，随后使用<code style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Monaco,Consolas,&quot;Andale Mono&quot;,&quot;DejaVu Sans Mono&quot;,monospace">docker build</code>命令即可完成以上所有的手工操作。 <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:20px; padding:0px; font-size:14px; font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,宋体,&quot;Myriad Pro&quot;,Lato,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; white-space:normal; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"> 不必过于惊讶，一切尽在不言中…… (责任编辑：小恩)</td> 
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