自己写coms_ov7740驱动

淩亂°似流年 2022-06-11 04:27 152阅读 0赞

设备文件

--------------------

#include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/platform_device.h>
    #include <linux/i2c.h>
    #include <linux/err.h>
    #include <linux/regmap.h>
    #include <linux/slab.h>
    
    /* 第一个参数名字用于匹配，第二个参数是摄像头地址 */
    static struct i2c_board_info cmos_ov7740_info = {	
    	/* 由芯片手册可知，写 -- 0x42(01000010)，读 -- 0x43(01000011)
    	 * 将读地址或者写地址，向右移动一位即可。
    	 */
    	I2C_BOARD_INFO("cmos_ov7740", 0x21),
    };
    
    static struct i2c_client *cmos_ov7740_client;
    
    static int cmos_ov7740_dev_init(void)
    {
    	struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap;
    	/* 获得适配器，由2440原理图可知，2440只有一个iic控制器，所以iic控制器为适配器0，
    	 * 也就是0号iic总线上 
    	 */
    	i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0);
    	cmos_ov7740_client = i2c_new_device(i2c_adap, &cmos_ov7740_info);
    	/* 适配器使用完后要释放他 */
    	i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_dev_exit(void)
    {
    	i2c_unregister_device(cmos_ov7740_client);
    }
    
    module_init(cmos_ov7740_dev_init);
    module_exit(cmos_ov7740_dev_exit);
    
    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

--------------------

驱动文件

--------------------

/* 该驱动函数是基于linux3.4.2
     * 该驱动程序是参考自己写的uvc驱动
     *
     */
    
    
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/platform_device.h>
    #include <linux/i2c.h>
    #include <linux/err.h>
    #include <linux/regmap.h>
    #include <linux/slab.h>
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/list.h>
    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/usb.h>
    #include <linux/videodev2.h>
    #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
    #include <linux/wait.h>
    #include <linux/mm.h>
    #include <asm/atomic.h>
    #include <asm/unaligned.h>
    
    #include <media/v4l2-common.h>
    #include <media/v4l2-ioctl.h>
    #include <media/videobuf-core.h>
    
    #include <linux/clk.h>
    #include <asm/io.h>
    
    #define OV7740_INIT_REGS_SIZE (sizeof(ov7740_setting_30fps_VGA_640_480)/sizeof(ov7740_setting_30fps_VGA_640_480[0]))
    
    #define CAM_SRC_HSIZE	(640)
    #define CAM_SRC_VSIZE	(480)
    
    #define CAM_ORDER_YCbYCr (0)
    #define CAM_ORDER_YCrYCb (1)
    #define CAM_ORDER_CbYCrY (2)
    #define CAM_ORDER_CrYCbY (3)
    
    #define WinHorOfst		(0)
    #define WinVerOfst		(0)
    
    struct cmos_ov7740_scaler {
    	unsigned int PreHorRatio;//水平变比
    	unsigned int PreVerRatio;//垂直变比
    	unsigned int H_Shift;//水平比
    	unsigned int V_Shift;//垂直比
    	unsigned int PreDstWidth;//目标宽度
    	unsigned int PreDstHeight;//目标高度
    	unsigned int MainHorRatio;//预览主缩放的水平比
    	unsigned int MainVerRatio;//预览主缩放的垂直比
    	unsigned int SHfactor;//缩放变比
    	unsigned int ScaleUpDown;//放大缩小标志
    };
    
    static struct cmos_ov7740_scaler sc;
    
    typedef struct cmos_ov7740_i2c_value {
    	unsigned char regaddr;
    	unsigned char value;
    }ov7740_t;
    
    /* init: 640x480,30fps的,YUV422输出格式 */
    ov7740_t ov7740_setting_30fps_VGA_640_480[] =
    {
    	{0x12, 0x80},
    	{0x47, 0x02},
    	{0x17, 0x27},
    	{0x04, 0x40},
    	{0x1B, 0x81},
    	{0x29, 0x17},
    	{0x5F, 0x03},
    	{0x3A, 0x09},
    	{0x33, 0x44},
    	{0x68, 0x1A},
    
    	{0x14, 0x38},
    	{0x5F, 0x04},
    	{0x64, 0x00},
    	{0x67, 0x90},
    	{0x27, 0x80},
    	{0x45, 0x41},
    	{0x4B, 0x40},
    	{0x36, 0x2f},
    	{0x11, 0x01},
    	{0x36, 0x3f},
    	{0x0c, 0x12},
    
    	{0x12, 0x00},
    	{0x17, 0x25},
    	{0x18, 0xa0},
    	{0x1a, 0xf0},
    	{0x31, 0xa0},
    	{0x32, 0xf0},
    
    	{0x85, 0x08},
    	{0x86, 0x02},
    	{0x87, 0x01},
    	{0xd5, 0x10},
    	{0x0d, 0x34},
    	{0x19, 0x03},
    	{0x2b, 0xf8},
    	{0x2c, 0x01},
    
    	{0x53, 0x00},
    	{0x89, 0x30},
    	{0x8d, 0x30},
    	{0x8f, 0x85},
    	{0x93, 0x30},
    	{0x95, 0x85},
    	{0x99, 0x30},
    	{0x9b, 0x85},
    
    	{0xac, 0x6E},
    	{0xbe, 0xff},
    	{0xbf, 0x00},
    	{0x38, 0x14},
    	{0xe9, 0x00},
    	{0x3D, 0x08},
    	{0x3E, 0x80},
    	{0x3F, 0x40},
    	{0x40, 0x7F},
    	{0x41, 0x6A},
    	{0x42, 0x29},
    	{0x49, 0x64},
    	{0x4A, 0xA1},
    	{0x4E, 0x13},
    	{0x4D, 0x50},
    	{0x44, 0x58},
    	{0x4C, 0x1A},
    	{0x4E, 0x14},
    	{0x38, 0x11},
    	{0x84, 0x70}
    };
    
    struct cmos_ov7740_fmt {
    	char  *name;
    	u32   fourcc;          /* v4l2 format id */
    	int   depth;
    };
    
    /* 这两个格式仅仅是预览通道支持的格式，由控制器的芯片手册可知 */
    static struct cmos_ov7740_fmt formats[] = {
    	{
    		.name     = "RGB565",
    		.fourcc   = V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565,
    		.depth    = 16,
    	},
    	{
    		.name     = "PACKED_RGB_888",
    		.fourcc   = V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24,
    		.depth    = 24,
    	},
    };
    
    struct camif_buffer
    {
    	unsigned int order;
    	unsigned long virt_base;
    	unsigned long phy_base;	
    };
    
    struct camif_buffer img_buff[] =
    {
    	{
    		.order = 0,
    		.virt_base = (unsigned long)NULL,
    		.phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL		
    	},
    	{
    		.order = 0,
    		.virt_base = (unsigned long)NULL,
    		.phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL		
    	},
    	{
    		.order = 0,
    		.virt_base = (unsigned long)NULL,
    		.phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL		
    	},
    	{
    		.order = 0,
    		.virt_base = (unsigned long)NULL,
    		.phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL		
    	}
    };
    
    static struct i2c_client *cmos_ov7740_client;
    
    // CAMIF GPIO
    static unsigned long *GPJCON;
    static unsigned long *GPJDAT;
    static unsigned long *GPJUP;
    
    // CAMIF
    static unsigned long *CISRCFMT;
    static unsigned long *CIWDOFST;
    static unsigned long *CIGCTRL;
    static unsigned long *CIPRCLRSA1;
    static unsigned long *CIPRCLRSA2;
    static unsigned long *CIPRCLRSA3;
    static unsigned long *CIPRCLRSA4;
    static unsigned long *CIPRTRGFMT;
    static unsigned long *CIPRCTRL;
    static unsigned long *CIPRSCPRERATIO;
    static unsigned long *CIPRSCPREDST;
    static unsigned long *CIPRSCCTRL;
    static unsigned long *CIPRTAREA;
    static unsigned long *CIIMGCPT;
    
    // IRQ
    static unsigned long *SRCPND;
    static unsigned long *INTPND;
    static unsigned long *SUBSRCPND;
    
    static unsigned int SRC_Width, SRC_Height;
    static unsigned int TargetHsize_Pr, TargetVsize_Pr;
    static unsigned long buf_size;
    static unsigned int bytesperline;
    
    static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(cam_wait_queue);
    /* 中断标志 */
    static volatile int ev_cam = 0;
    
    static irqreturn_t cmos_ov7740_camif_irq_c(int irq, void *dev_id) 
    {
    	return IRQ_HANDLED;
    }
    
    static irqreturn_t cmos_ov7740_camif_irq_p(int irq, void *dev_id) 
    {
    	/* 清中断，因为不是使用上升沿或者下降沿触发，所以我们要清楚中断标志位
    	 * 确保下次能继续产生中断。由中断控制器的手册394页可知，向相应的寄存器写入1
    	 * 就是清除相应的中断标识，写入0表示保持原来的标志不变。
    	 */
    	*SRCPND = 1<<6;
    	*INTPND = 1<<6;
    	*SUBSRCPND = 1<<12;
    
    	ev_cam = 1;
    	wake_up_interruptible(&cam_wait_queue);
    
    	return IRQ_HANDLED;
    }
    
    /* A2 参考 uvc_v4l2_do_ioctl */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_querycap(struct file *file, void  *priv,
    					struct v4l2_capability *cap)
    {
    	memset(cap, 0, sizeof *cap);
    	strcpy(cap->driver, "cmos_ov7740");
    	strcpy(cap->card, "cmos_ov7740");
    	cap->version = 2;
    	/* V4L2_CAP_READWRITE表示获取摄像头数据使用过读写操作，不是通过流操作
    	 * 所谓流操作就是通过qbuf,dqbuf,mmap,poll等函数来获得数据的
    	 */
    	cap->capabilities = V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE | V4L2_CAP_READWRITE;
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A3 列举支持哪种格式
     * 参考: uvc_fmts 数组
     */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_cap(struct file *file, void  *priv,
    					struct v4l2_fmtdesc *f)
    {
    	struct cmos_ov7740_fmt *fmt;
    
    	if (f->index >= ARRAY_SIZE(formats))
    		return -EINVAL;
    
    	fmt = &formats[f->index];
    
    	strlcpy(f->description, fmt->name, sizeof(f->description));
    	f->pixelformat = fmt->fourcc;
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A4 返回当前所使用的格式 */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_g_fmt_vid_cap(struct file *file, void *priv,
    					struct v4l2_format *f)
    {
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A5 测试驱动程序是否支持某种格式, 强制设置该格式 
     * 参考: uvc_v4l2_try_format
     *       myvivi_vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap
     */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap(struct file *file, void *priv,
    			struct v4l2_format *f)
    {
    	/* 判断是否为摄像头设备 */
    	if (f->type != V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE)
    	{
    		return -EINVAL;
    	}
    
    	/* 在coms中的CICOSCCTRL寄存器中可知，在预览通道只支持RGB16/RGB24 */
    	if ((f->fmt.pix.pixelformat != V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565) && (f->fmt.pix.pixelformat != V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24))
    		return -EINVAL;
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A6 参考 myvivi_vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap 
     * 设置摄像头数据格式
     */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap(struct file *file, void *priv,
    					struct v4l2_format *f)
    {
    	int ret = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap(file, NULL, f);
    	if (ret < 0)
    		return ret;
    	/* 目标图像的水平像素大小 */
    	TargetHsize_Pr = f->fmt.pix.width;
    	/* 目标图像的垂直像素大小 */
    	TargetVsize_Pr = f->fmt.pix.height;
    
    	if(f->fmt.pix.pixelformat == V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565)
    	{
    		/* bit[30]: 设置图像输出格式是RGB16、RGB24 */
    		*CIPRSCCTRL &= ~(1<<30);
    	
    		f->fmt.pix.bytesperline = (f->fmt.pix.width * 16) >> 3;
    		f->fmt.pix.sizeimage = f->fmt.pix.height * f->fmt.pix.bytesperline;
    		buf_size = f->fmt.pix.sizeimage;
    		bytesperline = f->fmt.pix.bytesperline;
    	}
    	else if(f->fmt.pix.pixelformat == V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24)
    	{
    		/* bit[30]: 设置图像输出格式是RGB16、RGB24 */
    		*CIPRSCCTRL |= (1<<30);
    		
    		/* 对于RGB24格式数据来说，每个像素用32位来表示，在s3c2440用户手册的515页可知 */
    		f->fmt.pix.bytesperline = (f->fmt.pix.width * 32) >> 3;
    		f->fmt.pix.sizeimage = f->fmt.pix.height * f->fmt.pix.bytesperline;
    		buf_size = f->fmt.pix.sizeimage;
    		bytesperline = f->fmt.pix.bytesperline;
    	}
    	
    
    
    	/*
    	CIPRTRGFMT:
    		bit[28:16] -- 表示目标图片的水平像素大小(TargetHsize_Pr)
    		bit[15:14] -- 是否旋转，我们这个驱动就不选择了
    		bit[12:0]	 -- 表示目标图片的垂直像素大小(TargetVsize_Pr)
    	*/
    	*CIPRTRGFMT = (TargetHsize_Pr<<16)|(0x0<<14)|(TargetVsize_Pr<<0);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* 分配四个缓存，因为有四个CIPRCLRSA1寄存器用于存放视频的缓存寄存器 */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_reqbufs(struct file *file, void *priv,
    			  struct v4l2_requestbuffers *p)
    {
    	unsigned int order;
    	/* 参考其他驱动如何使用__get_free_pages函数，就会涉及到get_order
    	 * 表示大小
    	 */
    	order = get_order(buf_size);
    
    	img_buff[0].order = order;
    	/* 使用__get_free_pages函数最大可以分配4M的连续物理内存，不适用kmalloc函数是因为
    	 * 其最大只能分配128K的连续物理内存。
    	 */
    	img_buff[0].virt_base = __get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA, img_buff[0].order);
    	if(img_buff[0].virt_base == (unsigned long)NULL)
    	{
    		printk("error0\n");
    		goto error0;
    	}
    	/* 将虚拟地址转换为物理地址。因为CIPRCLRSA1寄存器就是要赋值为物理地址 */
    	img_buff[0].phy_base = __virt_to_phys(img_buff[0].virt_base);
    
    	img_buff[1].order = order;
    	img_buff[1].virt_base = __get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA, img_buff[1].order);
    	if(img_buff[1].virt_base == (unsigned long)NULL)
    	{
    		printk("error1\n");
    		goto error1;
    	}
    	img_buff[1].phy_base = __virt_to_phys(img_buff[1].virt_base);
    
    	img_buff[2].order = order;
    	img_buff[2].virt_base = __get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA, img_buff[2].order);
    	if(img_buff[2].virt_base == (unsigned long)NULL)
    	{
    		printk("error2\n");
    		goto error2;
    	}
    	img_buff[2].phy_base = __virt_to_phys(img_buff[2].virt_base);
    
    	img_buff[3].order = order;
    	img_buff[3].virt_base = __get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_DMA, img_buff[3].order);
    	if(img_buff[3].virt_base == (unsigned long)NULL)
    	{
    		printk("error3\n");
    		goto error3;
    	}
    	img_buff[3].phy_base = __virt_to_phys(img_buff[3].virt_base);
    
    	/* CIPRCLRSA1寄存器需要赋值为物理地址 
    	 * 这个地址其实就是给dma用的，当摄像头采集完数据之后将数据放到CIPRCLRSA1
    	 * 寄存器指定的地址，然后在开始采集下一帧数据时触发一个中断。这个过程有点类似dma
    	 * 的操作，只不过dma拷贝完指定长度的数据到指定的地址后会触发一个中断。
    	 */
    	*CIPRCLRSA1 = img_buff[0].phy_base;
    	*CIPRCLRSA2 = img_buff[1].phy_base;
    	*CIPRCLRSA3 = img_buff[2].phy_base;
    	*CIPRCLRSA4 = img_buff[3].phy_base;
    
    	return 0;
    error3:
    	free_pages(img_buff[2].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[2].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;		
    error2:
    	free_pages(img_buff[1].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[1].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;	
    error1:
    	free_pages(img_buff[0].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[0].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;
    error0:	
    	return -ENOMEM;
    }
    
    /* 突发长度的计算在2440用户手册的532页 */
    static void CalculateBurstSize(unsigned int hSize, unsigned int *mainBusrtSize, unsigned int *remainedBustSize)
    {
    	unsigned int tmp;
    	/* 由芯片手册可知，所有的突发长度只能为2,4,8,16，所以我们就从最快的16开始测试 
    	 * 由芯片手册可知，每一行的数据必须字为单位。
    	 */
    	tmp = (hSize/4)%16;
    	switch(tmp)
    	{
    		case 0:
    			*mainBusrtSize = 16;
    			*remainedBustSize = 16;
    			break;
    		case 4:
    			*mainBusrtSize = 16;
    			*remainedBustSize = 4;
    			break;
    		case 8:
    			*mainBusrtSize = 16;
    			*remainedBustSize = 8;
    			break;
    		/* 主突发长度不能为16，所以开始尝试主突发长度为8 */
    		default:
    			tmp = (hSize/4)%8;
    			switch(tmp)
    			{
    				case 0:
    					*mainBusrtSize = 8;
    					*remainedBustSize = 8;
    					break;
    				case 4:
    					*mainBusrtSize = 8;
    					*remainedBustSize = 4;
    					break;
    				/* 主突发长度不能为8，开始尝试主突发长度为4 */
    				default:
    					*mainBusrtSize = 4;
    					tmp = (hSize/4)%4;
    					*remainedBustSize = (tmp)?tmp:4;
    					break;
    			}
    			break;
    	}
    }
    
    /* 照抄jz2440用户手册的527页代码 */
    static void camif_get_scaler_factor(u32 src, u32 tar, u32 *ratio, u32 *shift)
    {
    	if(src >= 64*tar) {return;}
    	else if(src >= 32*tar) {*ratio = 32; *shift = 5;}
    	else if(src >= 16*tar) {*ratio = 16; *shift = 4;}
    	else if(src >= 8*tar) {*ratio = 8; *shift = 3;}
    	else if(src >= 4*tar) {*ratio = 4; *shift = 2;}
    	else if(src >= 2*tar) {*ratio = 2; *shift = 1;}
    	else {*ratio = 1; *shift = 0;}
    }
    
    /* 计算公式在2440用户手册的527页 */
    static void cmos_ov7740_calculate_scaler_info(void)
    {
    	unsigned int sx, sy, tx, ty;
    
    	/* 这里的源宽度和源高度是经过窗口剪切的图像数据 
    	 * 这里的目标宽度和高度是应用程序在cmos_ov7740_vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap函数
    	 * 设置数据格式时传入的，表示应用程序想要获得的图像分辨率
    	 */
    	sx = SRC_Width;
    	sy = SRC_Height;
    	tx = TargetHsize_Pr;
    	ty = TargetVsize_Pr;
    
    	printk("%s: SRC_in(%d, %d), Target_out(%d, %d)\n", __func__, sx, sy, tx, ty);
    
    	camif_get_scaler_factor(sx, tx, &sc.PreHorRatio, &sc.H_Shift);
    	camif_get_scaler_factor(sy, ty, &sc.PreVerRatio, &sc.V_Shift);
    
    	sc.PreDstWidth = sx / sc.PreHorRatio;
    	sc.PreDstHeight = sy / sc.PreVerRatio;
    	
    	sc.MainHorRatio = (sx << 8) / (tx << sc.H_Shift);
    	sc.MainVerRatio = (sy << 8) / (ty << sc.V_Shift);
    
    	sc.SHfactor = 10 - (sc.H_Shift + sc.V_Shift);
    
    	sc.ScaleUpDown = (tx>=sx)?1:0;
    }
    
    /* A11 启动传输 
     * 参考: uvc_video_enable(video, 1):
     *           uvc_commit_video
     *           uvc_init_video
     */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_streamon(struct file *file, void *priv, enum v4l2_buf_type i)
    {
    	unsigned int Main_burst, Remained_burst;
    
    	/*
    	CISRCFMT:
    		bit[31]	-- 选择传输方式为BT601或者BT656
    		bit[30]	-- 设置偏移值(0 = +0 (正常情况下) - for YCbCr)
    		bit[29]	-- 保留位,必须设置为0
    		bit[28:16]	-- 设置源图片的水平像素值(640)
    		bit[15:14]	-- 设置源图片的颜色顺序(0x0c --> 0x2),由摄像头地址为0xc的寄存器
    		可知，输出的顺序为UYVYUYVY------>CbYCrYCbYCrY,
    		bit[12:0]		-- 设置源图片的垂直像素值(480)
    		
    		水平和垂直的像素值是摄像头模块输入的，查看摄像头模块输出水平和垂直的像素值即可
    	*/
    	*CISRCFMT |= (0<<30)|(0<<29)|(CAM_SRC_HSIZE<<16)|(CAM_ORDER_CbYCrY<<14)|(CAM_SRC_VSIZE<<0);
    
    	/*
    	CIWDOFST:
    		bit[31]		-- 1 = 使能窗口功能、0 = 不使用窗口功能
    		bit[30、15:12]-- 清除溢出标志位
    		bit[26:16]	-- 水平方向的裁剪的大小
    		bit[10:0]		-- 垂直方向的裁剪的大小
    	*/
    	*CIWDOFST |=(1<<30)|(0xf<<12);
    	*CIWDOFST |= (1<<31)|(WinHorOfst<<16)|(WinVerOfst<<0);
    	/* 裁剪后的图像宽度 = 原始图像宽度 - 2*水平窗口宽度 */
    	SRC_Width = CAM_SRC_HSIZE - 2*WinHorOfst;
    	/* 裁剪后的图像高度 = 原始图像高度 - 2*水平窗口高度 */
    	SRC_Height = CAM_SRC_VSIZE - 2*WinVerOfst;
    
    	/*
    	CIGCTRL:
    		bit[31]		-- 软件复位CAMIF控制器
    		bit[30]		-- 用于复位外部摄像头模块
    		bit[29]		-- 保留位，必须设置为1
    		bit[28:27]	-- 用于选择信号源(00 = 输入源来自摄像头模块)
    		bit[26]		-- 设置像素时钟的极性(猜0)
    		bit[25]		-- 设置VSYNC的极性(0)
    		bit[24]		-- 设置HREF的极性(0)，行同步信号
    	*/
    	*CIGCTRL |= (1<<29)|(0<<27)|(0<<26)|(0<<25)|(0<<24);
    
    	/*
    	CIPRCTRL:
    		bit[23:19] -- 主突发长度(Main_burst)
    		bit[18:14] -- 剩余突发长度(Remained_burst)
    		bit[2]	  -- 是否使能LastIRQ功能(不使能)
    	*/
    	CalculateBurstSize(bytesperline, &Main_burst, &Remained_burst);
    	*CIPRCTRL = (Main_burst<<19)|(Remained_burst<<14)|(0<<2);
    
    	/*
    	CIPRSCPRERATIO:
    		bit[31:28]: 预览缩放的变化系数(SHfactor_Pr)
    		bit[22:16]: 预览缩放的水平比(PreHorRatio_Pr)
    		bit[6:0]: 预览缩放的垂直比(PreVerRatio_Pr)
    
    	CIPRSCPREDST:
    		bit[27:16]: 预览缩放的目标宽度(PreDstWidth_Pr)
    		bit[11:0]: 预览缩放的目标高度(PreDstHeight_Pr)
    
    	CIPRSCCTRL:
    		bit[29:28]: 告诉摄像头控制器(图片是缩小、放大)(ScaleUpDown_Pr)
    		bit[24:16]: 预览主缩放的水平比(MainHorRatio_Pr)
    		bit[8:0]: 预览主缩放的垂直比(MainVerRatio_Pr)
    
    		bit[31]: 必须固定设置为1
    		bit[30]: 设置图像输出格式是RGB16、RGB24
    		bit[15]: 预览缩放开始
    
    		//bit[30]在cmos_ov7740_vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap函数中设置
    		
    	*/
    	cmos_ov7740_calculate_scaler_info();
    	*CIPRSCPRERATIO = (sc.SHfactor<<28)|(sc.PreHorRatio<<16)|(sc.PreVerRatio<<0);
    	*CIPRSCPREDST = (sc.PreDstWidth<<16)|(sc.PreDstHeight<<0);
    	*CIPRSCCTRL |= (1<<31)|(sc.ScaleUpDown<<28)|(sc.MainHorRatio<<16)|(sc.MainVerRatio<<0);
    
    	/*
    	CIPRTAREA:
    		表示预览通道的目标区域
    	*/
    	*CIPRTAREA = TargetHsize_Pr * TargetVsize_Pr;
    
    	/*
    	CIIMGCPT:
    		bit[31]: 用来使能摄像头控制器
    		bit[30]: 使能编码通道
    		bit[29]: 使能预览通道
    	*/
    	*CIIMGCPT = (1<<31)|(1<<29);
    	*CIPRSCCTRL |= (1<<15);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A17 停止 
     * 参考 : uvc_video_enable(video, 0)
     */
    static int cmos_ov7740_vidioc_streamoff(struct file *file, void *priv, enum v4l2_buf_type t)
    {
    	*CIPRSCCTRL &= ~(1<<15);
    	*CIIMGCPT &= ~((1<<31)|(1<<29));
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static const struct v4l2_ioctl_ops cmos_ov7740_ioctl_ops = {
            // 表示它是一个摄像头设备
            .vidioc_querycap      = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_querycap,
    
            /* 用于列举、获得、测试、设置摄像头的数据的格式 */
            .vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_cap  = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_cap,
            .vidioc_g_fmt_vid_cap     = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_g_fmt_vid_cap,
            .vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap   = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap,
            .vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap     = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap,
            
            /* 缓冲区操作: 申请/查询/放入队列/取出队列 */
            .vidioc_reqbufs       = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_reqbufs,
    
    	/* 说明: 因为我们是通过读的方式来获得摄像头数据,因此查询/放入队列/取出队列这些操作函数将不在需要 */
    #if 0
            .vidioc_querybuf      = myuvc_vidioc_querybuf,
            .vidioc_qbuf          = myuvc_vidioc_qbuf,
            .vidioc_dqbuf         = myuvc_vidioc_dqbuf,
    #endif
    
            // 启动/停止
            .vidioc_streamon      = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_streamon,
            .vidioc_streamoff     = cmos_ov7740_vidioc_streamoff,   
    };
    
    /* A1 */
    static int cmos_ov7740_open(struct file *file)
    {
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* A18 关闭 */
    static int cmos_ov7740_close(struct file *file)
    {
        
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* 应用程序通过读的方式读取摄像头的数据 */
    static ssize_t cmos_ov7740_read(struct file *filep, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)
    {
    	size_t end;
    	int i;
    	/* 取一帧数据的大小和用户想要读取数据的大小的最小值 */
    	end = min_t(size_t, buf_size, count);
    	wait_event_interruptible(cam_wait_queue, ev_cam);
    
    	for(i=0; i<4; i++)
    	{
    		if(copy_to_user(buf, (void *)img_buff[i].virt_base, end))
    			return -EFAULT;
    	}
    
    	ev_cam = 0;
    
    	return end;
    }
    
    /* 应用程序使用read函数来获取摄像头数据，所以不再需要mmap，poll函数。 */
    static const struct v4l2_file_operations cmos_ov7740_fops = {
    	.owner			= THIS_MODULE,
    	.open       		= cmos_ov7740_open,
    	.release    		= cmos_ov7740_close,
    	/* video_ioctl2是内核提供的函数，只是起到中转的作用，最后会调用video_device中的ioctl_ops */
    	.unlocked_ioctl      	= video_ioctl2,
    	.read			= cmos_ov7740_read,
    };
    
    /*
    	注意:
    		该函数是必须的,否则在insmod的时候，会出错
    */
    static void cmos_ov7740_release(struct video_device *vdev)
    {
    	unsigned int order;
    
    	order = get_order(buf_size);
    
    	free_pages(img_buff[0].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[0].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;
    	free_pages(img_buff[1].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[1].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;	
    	free_pages(img_buff[2].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[2].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;		
    	free_pages(img_buff[3].virt_base, order);
    	img_buff[3].phy_base = (unsigned long)NULL;	
    }
    
    /* 2.1. 分配、设置一个video_device结构体 
     * 这里采用的是静态分配结构体，使用video_device_alloc()是动态分配摄像头结构体
     */
    static struct video_device cmos_ov7740_vdev = {
    	.fops		= &cmos_ov7740_fops,
    	.ioctl_ops		= &cmos_ov7740_ioctl_ops,
    	.release		= cmos_ov7740_release,
    	.name		= "cmos_ov7740",
    };
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_gpio_cfg(void)
    {
    	/* 设置相应的GPIO用于CAMIF */
    	*GPJCON = 0x2aaaaaa;
    	/* 将数据位清0 */
    	*GPJDAT = 0;
    
    	/* 为了让信号稳定，使能上拉电阻 */
    	*GPJUP = 0;
    }
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_camif_reset(void)
    {
    	/* 传输方式为BT601 */
    	*CISRCFMT |= (1<<31);
    
    	/* 复位CAMIF控制器 */
    	*CIGCTRL |= (1<<31);
    	/* 稍微延迟一下 */
    	mdelay(10);
    	/* 使摄像头恢复正常状态 */
    	*CIGCTRL &= ~(1<<31);
    	mdelay(10);	
    }
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_clk_cfg(void)
    {
    	struct clk *camif_clk;
    	struct clk *camif_upll_clk;
    
    	/* 使能CAMIF的时钟源(摄像头控制器) 
    	 * clk_get是三星公司为自己的soc写好的代码，我们可以直接使用，但是我们也可以自己设置
    	 * 相应的寄存器来设置时钟。在source insight中搜索”camif”，找到s3c2440相关的文件,
    	 * 查看其实能函数是如何配置其寄存器的
    	 */
    	camif_clk = clk_get(NULL, "camif");
    	if(!camif_clk || IS_ERR(camif_clk))
    	{
    		printk(KERN_INFO "failed to get CAMIF clock source\n");
    	}
    	clk_enable(camif_clk);
    
    	/* 使能并设置CAMCLK = 24MHz，设置外部摄像头的时钟 
    	 * camif-upll是来自usb总线的时钟，
    	 * 由芯片手册可知外部摄像头时钟也是是通过soc内部的时钟树来配置，由芯片手册可知外部摄像头
    	 * 时钟来自usb总线的时钟，这个时钟也是配置soc中的时钟树来设置频率的。也是三星公司写好的。
    	 */
    	camif_upll_clk = clk_get(NULL, "camif-upll");
    	clk_set_rate(camif_upll_clk, 24000000);
    	mdelay(100);
    }
    
    /*
    	注意:
    		1.S3C2440提供的复位时序(CAMRST)为:0->1->0(0:表示正常工作的电平、1:表示复位电平)
    		  但是，实验证明，该复位时序与我们的OV7740需要的复位时序(1->0->1)不符合。
    		2.因此，我们就应该结合OV7740的具体复位时序，来设置相应的寄存器。
    */
    static void cmos_ov7740_reset(void)
    {
    	*CIGCTRL |= (1<<30);
    	mdelay(30);
    	*CIGCTRL &= ~(1<<30);
    	mdelay(30);
    	*CIGCTRL |= (1<<30);
    	mdelay(30);	
    }
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_init(void)
    {
    	unsigned int mid;
    	int i;
    
    	/* 读 
    	 * 0xa是摄像头模块的厂家id的高8位，0xb是厂家id的低8位
    	 * i2c_smbus_read_byte_data函数是内核提供的函数，也可是使用i2c_transfer函数
    	 */
    	mid = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(cmos_ov7740_client, 0x0a)<<8;
    	mid |= i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(cmos_ov7740_client, 0x0b);
    	printk("manufacture ID = 0x%4x\n", mid);
    
    	/* 写 
    	 * 初始化摄像头模块
    	 */
    	for(i = 0; i < OV7740_INIT_REGS_SIZE; i++)
    	{
    		i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(cmos_ov7740_client, ov7740_setting_30fps_VGA_640_480[i].regaddr, ov7740_setting_30fps_VGA_640_480[i].value);
    		mdelay(2);
    	}
    }
    
    static int __devinit cmos_ov7740_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
    				  const struct i2c_device_id *id)
    {
    	printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    
    	/* 2.3 硬件相关 */
    	/* 2.3.1 映射相应的寄存器 */
    	GPJCON = ioremap(0x560000d0, 4);
    	GPJDAT = ioremap(0x560000d4, 4);
    	/* 上拉电阻相关的寄存器 */ 
    	GPJUP = ioremap(0x560000d8, 4);
    
    	/* 以下是摄像头控制器的寄存器 */
    
    	CISRCFMT = ioremap(0x4F000000, 4);
    	CIWDOFST = ioremap(0x4F000004, 4);
    	CIGCTRL = ioremap(0x4F000008, 4);
    	CIPRCLRSA1 = ioremap(0x4F00006C, 4);
    	CIPRCLRSA2 = ioremap(0x4F000070, 4);
    	CIPRCLRSA3 = ioremap(0x4F000074, 4);
    	CIPRCLRSA4 = ioremap(0x4F000078, 4);
    	CIPRTRGFMT = ioremap(0x4F00007C, 4);
    	CIPRCTRL = ioremap(0x4F000080, 4);
    	CIPRSCPRERATIO = ioremap(0x4F000084, 4);
    	CIPRSCPREDST = ioremap(0x4F000088, 4);
    	CIPRSCCTRL = ioremap(0x4F00008C, 4);
    	CIPRTAREA = ioremap(0x4F000090, 4);
    	CIIMGCPT = ioremap(0x4F0000A0, 4);
    
    	SRCPND = ioremap(0X4A000000, 4);
    	INTPND = ioremap(0X4A000010, 4);
    	SUBSRCPND = ioremap(0X4A000018, 4);
    
    	/* 2.3.2 设置相应的GPIO用于CAMIF */
    	cmos_ov7740_gpio_cfg();
    
    	/* 2.3.3 复位一下CAMIF控制器
    	 * 接下来要操作摄像头控制器，因此要先复位一下控制器
    	 */
    	cmos_ov7740_camif_reset();
    
    	/* 2.3.4 设置、使能时钟(使能HCLK用于摄像头控制器、使能并设置CAMCLK = 24MHz用于外部摄像头) */
    	cmos_ov7740_clk_cfg();
    
    	/* 2.3.5 复位一下摄像头模块 */
    	cmos_ov7740_reset();
    
    	/* 2.3.6 通过IIC总线,初始化摄像头模块 */
    	cmos_ov7740_client = client;
    	cmos_ov7740_init();
    
    	/* 2.3.7 注册中断 
    	 * IRQF_DISABLED - keep irqs disabled when calling the action handler
    	 */
    	if (request_irq(IRQ_S3C2440_CAM_C, cmos_ov7740_camif_irq_c, IRQF_DISABLED , "CAM_C", NULL))
    		printk("%s:request_irq failed\n", __func__);
    
    	if (request_irq(IRQ_S3C2440_CAM_P, cmos_ov7740_camif_irq_p, IRQF_DISABLED , "CAM_P", NULL))
    		printk("%s:request_irq failed\n", __func__);
    	
    	
    	/* 3. 注册 ,以下信息是通过追踪源代码得到的结论
     	 * 参数-1表示分配第一个可用的号
    	 * which device node number (0 == /dev/video0, 1 == /dev/video1, ...
    	 *            -1 == first free) 
    	 */
        if(video_register_device(&cmos_ov7740_vdev, VFL_TYPE_GRABBER, -1))
    	{
    		printk("unable to register video device\n");
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static int __devexit cmos_ov7740_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
    {
    	printk("%s %s %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    
    	iounmap(GPJCON);
    	iounmap(GPJDAT);
    	iounmap(GPJUP);
    
    	iounmap(CISRCFMT);
    	iounmap(CIWDOFST);
    	iounmap(CIGCTRL);
    	iounmap(CIPRCLRSA1);
    	iounmap(CIPRCLRSA2);
    	iounmap(CIPRCLRSA3);
    	iounmap(CIPRCLRSA4);
    	iounmap(CIPRTRGFMT);
    	iounmap(CIPRCTRL);
    	iounmap(CIPRSCPRERATIO);
    	iounmap(CIPRSCPREDST);
    	iounmap(CIPRSCCTRL);
    	iounmap(CIPRTAREA);
    	iounmap(CIIMGCPT);
    	
    	iounmap(SRCPND);
    	iounmap(INTPND);
    	iounmap(SUBSRCPND);
    
    	free_irq(IRQ_S3C2440_CAM_C, NULL);
    	free_irq(IRQ_S3C2440_CAM_P, NULL);
    	video_unregister_device(&cmos_ov7740_vdev);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static const struct i2c_device_id cmos_ov7740_id_table[] = {
    	{ "cmos_ov7740", 0 },
    	{}
    };
    
    /* 1.1. 分配、设置一个i2c_driver */
    static struct i2c_driver cmos_ov7740_driver = {
    	.driver	= {
    		/* 用于和iic设备进行匹配，必须和iic_dev中的名字一样，否则匹配不成功 */
    		.name	= "cmos_ov7740",
    		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
    	},
    	.probe		= cmos_ov7740_probe,
    	.remove		= __devexit_p(cmos_ov7740_remove),
    	.id_table	= cmos_ov7740_id_table,
    };
    
    static int cmos_ov7740_drv_init(void)
    {
    	/* 1.2.注册 */
    	i2c_add_driver(&cmos_ov7740_driver);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void cmos_ov7740_drv_exit(void)
    {
    	i2c_del_driver(&cmos_ov7740_driver);
    }
    
    module_init(cmos_ov7740_drv_init);
    module_exit(cmos_ov7740_drv_exit);
    
    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");