英语五个基本句式

╰半夏微凉° 2022-06-12 08:10 258阅读 0赞

从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类 , 供你参考。  
  
**1.S(主） \+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）**  
Time flies.  
1) S + V + adverbial( 状语）  
Birds sing beautifully.  
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase （介词短语）  
 He went on holiday.  
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive ( 不定式）  
We stopped to have a rest.  
4) S + Vi+ Participle ( 分词）  
I'll go swimming.  
  
**2. S (主）\+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）\+ O（宾）**  
We like English.  
1) S + VT + N/Pron  
I like music.  
I like her.  
2) S + VT + infinitive( 不定式）  
I want to help him.  
常用于这句型的动词有： attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish 等。  
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive  
I don't know what to do.  
常用于这句型的动词有： ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。  
4) S + VT + Gerund  
I enjoy living here.  
常用于这句型的动词有： admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help 等。  
5) S + VT + That-clause  
I don't think (that) he is right.  
常用于这句型的动词有： Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel( 觉得） , hear （听说） , hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind （当心） , notice, propose, request, report, say, see （看出）， show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder( 觉得奇怪）。  
  
**3. S (主）\+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）\+ P（表）**  
We are Chinese.  
除了 be  系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1) 表感官的动词， feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem  等。 2)  表转变变化的动词， become, get, grow, turn, go, 等。  3) 表延续的动词  remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest 等。 4) 表瞬时的动词  come, fall, set, cut, occur 等  5) 其他动词  eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang 等。    
1) S + Lv + N/Pron( 名词 / 代词）  
He is a boy.   
This is mine.  
2) S + Lv + Adj （形容词）  
She is beautiful.  
3) S + Lv + Adv ( 副词）  
Class is over.  
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase  
He is in good health.  
5) S + Lv + Participle( 分词）  
He is excited.  
The film is interesting.  
  
**4. S (主）\+ VT （谓）\+ In O（间接宾） \+ D O（直接宾）**  
I give you help.  
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N    
I sent him a book.  
I bought May a book.  
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase  
He sent a book to me.  
He bought a coat for me.  
间接宾语前需要加 to  的常用动词有： allow, bring, deny, do( 带来），  give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。  
间接宾语前需要加 for  的常用动词有： bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play( 演奏）， save, sing, spare 等。  
  
**5. S (主）\+ VT（谓）\+ O（宾） \+ O C（宾补）**  
I make you clear.  
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N  
We named our baby Tom.  
常用于这句型的动词有： appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate( 命名）。  
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj  
He painted the wall white.  
常用于这句型的动词有： beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish 等。  
 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase  
She always keeps everything in good order.  
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive  
I wish you to stay.  
I made him work  
常用于这句型的动词有： a) 不定式带 to 的词： advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等。 b) 不定式不带 to 的词： feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch 等。  
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle ( 分词）  
I heard my name called.  
I feel something moving.  
常用于这句型的动词有： catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch 等。  
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive  
He show me how to do it.  
常用于这句型的动词有： advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell 等。  
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause   
He told me that the film was great.  
常用于这句型的动词有： assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm 等。  
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause  
He asked me what he should do.  
常用于这句型的动词有： Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.