CentOS6 mininial 安装KVM 详细教程

骑猪看日落 2022-06-13 12:49 266阅读 0赞

[原文链接][Link 1]

摘要： CentOS6 最小化安装初始化后 安装KVM，并创建第一台kvm-1

# CentOS6 mininial 安装KVM 详细教程 #

## 初始化设置 ##

## 关闭防火墙和SELINUX
    
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
    chkconfig ip6tables off
    
    sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    setenforce 0
    
    ## 关闭不必要的服务
    
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs stop
    chkconfig netfs off
    
    ## 更新系统
    
    yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
    yum -y update
    
    ## 添加EPEL源
    
    rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
    
    ## 定时任务设置
    
    yum -y install cronie-noanacron
    # yum remove cronie-anacron -y
    
    ## 配置vim
    
    yum -y install vim-enhanced lrzsz
    #echo " alias vi='vim' " >> /etc/profile
    echo "alias vi='vim' " >> ~/.bashrc
    #source /etc/profile
    source ~/.bashrc
    
    ## 添加用户
    
    useradd yunwei
    echo anwg123. | passwd --stdin yunwei

## 安装依赖包 ##

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt python-virtinst bridge-utils
    [root@kvm-1 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
    kvm_intel              54285  0
    kvm                   333172  1 kvm_intel
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/libvirtd start
    Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus start
    Starting system message bus: [ OK ]
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# chkconfig libvirtd on
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# chkconfig messagebus on

## 配置桥接网络 ##

# 网桥网卡配置
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
    DEVICE=br0
    HWADDR=14:18:77:40:29:D3
    TYPE=Bridge
    UUID=9e8e7f89-cfe9-40c6-b547-a08ee6da0864
    ONBOOT=yes
    NM_CONTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=none
    IPADDR=192.168.1.125
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
    DNS1=114.114.114.114
    # em1网卡配置
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1
    # create new
    DEVICE=em1
    TYPE=Ethernet
    ONBOOT=yes
    BRIDGE=br0
    [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart

*  查看网桥配置状态

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# ifconfig
    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 14:18:77:40:29:D3  
              inet addr:192.168.1.125  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::1618:77ff:fe40:29d3/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:52655 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:20216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:49670413 (47.3 MiB)  TX bytes:1665453 (1.5 MiB)
    
    em1       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 14:18:77:40:29:D3  
              inet6 addr: fe80::1618:77ff:fe40:29d3/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:302969 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:96324 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
              RX bytes:427674107 (407.8 MiB)  TX bytes:7173701 (6.8 MiB)
              Interrupt:41 
    
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
              RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:608 (608.0 b)  TX bytes:608 (608.0 b)
    
    virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:68:65:A2  
              inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
    
    vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr FE:54:00:08:94:EC  
              inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe08:94ec/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:3443 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 
              RX bytes:1243 (1.2 KiB)  TX bytes:381667 (372.7 KiB)

## 创建虚拟机kvm-1 ##

# 创建挂载卷
    lvcreate -n kvm-1 -L 20G vg_shkvm1
    # 安装虚拟机
    virt-install \
    --name kvm-1 \ --ram 2048 \ --disk path=/dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1 \ --vcpus 2 \ --os-type linux \ --os-variant rhel6 \ --network bridge=br0 \ --graphics none \ --console pty,target_type=serial \ --location 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.9/os/x86_64/' \ --extra-args 'console=ttyS0,115200n8 serial'

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

## 图形安装教程 ##

*  选择安装语言

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

*  设置网络配置，使用静态IP

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

> 配置静态ip，忘记截图，按照上面网桥ip，设置相同局域网ip即可

*  静态ip配置成功，如下图会加载安装镜像：

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

*  选择使用文本方式安装，即命令行模式

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

*  Re-initialize all 初始化磁盘

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

> 这里选择初始化全部硬盘，还有一种情况是如果在重装虚拟机的时候，当前lvm卷上面已经存在系统，可以选择替换当前系统的方式安装，这样会保留原来lvm卷上系统的完整信息。

*  选择时区，上海

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 6]

*  设置root密码

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 7]

*  安装系统安装位置

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 8]

*  初始化磁盘

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 9]

*  开始安装系统包文件

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 10]  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 11]

> 等待系统安装包安装完成，重启系统。

*  参考虚拟机kvm-1的安装，安装kvm-2

## 安装过程中报错解决 ##

> 配置桥接时报错：can't create bridge with the same name，\#本次安装故障原因是br0网卡配置是name没有改，导致重启时重启创建em1报错

# 使用brctl 解决 原文链接

[Link 1]: http://click.aliyun.com/m/25327/
[SouthEast]: /images/20220613/f862fdcd148a445b968e6a2e52c90488.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220613/acc9318d20474d0e81535c0549359e5e.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220613/25d3b46be10e4feab94b2afbddac7cf7.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220613/59db20e4ea26456298fafe7f38ee7f9a.png
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[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220613/66057ef23a8b4fd1911905da9fc1d22f.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220613/0a742984049146b58e25d7cf60c4a712.png
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[SouthEast 10]: /images/20220613/d4fc231bda434402973be1423ca388da.png
[SouthEast 11]: /images/20220613/54519c21aa52433f998bebf217a0a13a.png