centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-06-14 04:11 256阅读 0赞

# centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置 #

# 一、系统环境 #

yum update升级以后的系统版本为

[root@yl-web yl]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

# 二、mysql安装 #

一般网上给出的资料都是

#yum install mysql

\# yum install mysql-server \# yum install mysql-devel

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mysql-server
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.sina.cn
     * extras: mirrors.sina.cn
     * updates: mirrors.sina.cn
    No package mysql-server available.
    Error: Nothing to do

查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。

有两种解决办法：

## 1、方法一：安装mariadb ##

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

安装mariadb，大小59 M。

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb

mariadb数据库的相关命令是：

systemctl start mariadb \#启动MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb \#停止MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb \#重启MariaDB

systemctl enable mariadb \#设置开机启动

所以先启动数据库

[root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb

然后就可以正常使用mysql了

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]>

安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB \[(none)\]> ，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。

## 2、方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server ##

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

\# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm \# yum install mysql-community-server

安装成功后重启mysql服务。

# service mysqld restart

初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql>

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

不需要重启数据库即可生效。

在mysql安装过程中如下内容：

Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                
      mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               
    
    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            
    
    Replaced:
      mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
      mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0

所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
    [root@yl-web yl]#

# 三、配置mysql #

## 1、编码 ##

mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

最后加上编码配置

[mysql]
    default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

![271615224693150.png][]

## 2、远程连接设置 ##

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';