第11章首页、全局功能细节和404以及500页面配置

怼烎@ 2022-06-15 12:15 169阅读 0赞

本章主要内容：

*  完善整站的实现细节， 如修改点击数、收藏数以及登出功能等
 *  实现系统的首页， 最后配置系统的全局404和500页面

--------------------

## 退出登录功能 ##

借助django的logout函数进行退出，退出后还要重定向到首页

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
    from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
    from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
    
    class LogoutView(View):
        """ 用户登出 """
        def get(self, request):
            logout(request)
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))

## 课程点击数的计算 ##

在用户请求课程的详情页的时候，将课程的点击数加一

course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
    #增加课程点击数
    course.click_nums += 1
    course.save()

## 课程的学习次数的计算 ##

用户点击课程的“我要学习”按钮后，学习次数加一

course = Course.objects.get(id=int(course_id))
    course.students += 1
    course.save()

## 几种收藏数的增减 ##

如果收藏记录已存在，则删除记录；如果不存在，则增加  
要判断收藏的类型

class AddFavView(View):
        """ 用户收藏，用户取消收藏 """
        def post(self, request):
            fav_id = request.POST.get('fav_id', 0)
            fav_type = request.POST.get('fav_type', 0)
    
            if not request.user.is_authenticated():
                #判断用户登录状态
                return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail", "msg":"用户未登录"}', content_type='application/json')
    
            exist_records = UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_id=int(fav_id), fav_type=int(fav_type))
            if exist_records:
                #如果记录已经存在， 则表示用户取消收藏
                exist_records.delete()
                if int(fav_type) == 1:
                    course = Course.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                    course.fav_nums -= 1
                    if course.fav_nums < 0:
                        course.fav_nums = 0
                    course.save()
                elif int(fav_type) == 2:
                    course_org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                    course_org.fav_nums -= 1
                    if course_org.fav_nums < 0:
                        course_org.fav_nums = 0
                    course_org.save()
                elif int(fav_type) == 3:
                    teacher = Teacher.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                    teacher.fav_nums -= 1
                    if teacher.fav_nums < 0:
                        teacher.fav_nums = 0
                    teacher.save()
                return HttpResponse('{"status":"success", "msg":"收藏"}', content_type='application/json')
            else:
                user_fav = UserFavorite()
                if int(fav_id) > 0 and int(fav_type) > 0:
                    user_fav.user = request.user
                    user_fav.fav_id = int(fav_id)
                    user_fav.fav_type = int(fav_type)
                    user_fav.save()
    
                    if int(fav_type) == 1:
                        course = Course.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                        course.fav_nums += 1
                        course.save()
                    elif int(fav_type) == 2:
                        course_org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                        course_org.fav_nums += 1
                        course_org.save()
                    elif int(fav_type) == 3:
                        teacher = Teacher.objects.get(id=int(fav_id))
                        teacher.fav_nums += 1
                        teacher.save()
    
                    return HttpResponse('{"status":"success", "msg":"已收藏"}', content_type='application/json')
                else:
                    return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail", "msg":"收藏出错"}', content_type='application/json')

## 我的消息 ##

用户进入个人消息页面后，把所有未读的消息置为已读

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

class MymessageView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
        """ 我的消息 """
        def get(self, request):
            all_messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(user=request.user.id)
    
            #用户进入个人消息后清空未读消息的记录
            all_unread_messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(user=request.user.id, has_read=False)
            for unread_message in all_unread_messages:
                unread_message.has_read = True
                unread_message.save()
    
            #对个人消息进行分页
            try:
                page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
            except PageNotAnInteger:
                page = 1
    
            p = Paginator(all_messages, 5, request=request)
    
            messages = p.page(page)
            return render(request, 'usercenter-message.html', {
                "messages":messages
            })

## 首页 ##

首页有轮播，轮播课程，普通课程，机构

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

class IndexView(View):
        #慕学在线网 首页
        def get(self, request):
            #取出轮播图
            all_banners = Banner.objects.all().order_by('index')
            courses = Course.objects.filter(is_banner=False)[:6]
            banner_courses = Course.objects.filter(is_banner=True)[:3]
            course_orgs = CourseOrg.objects.all()[:15]
            return render(request, 'index.html', {
                'all_banners':all_banners,
                'courses':courses,
                'banner_courses':banner_courses,
                'course_orgs':course_orgs
            })

## 配置整站的404，500页面 ##

*  在项目的urls.py下配置两个参数，字符串分别表示404，500的函数位置

#全局404页面配置
    handler404 = 'users.views.page_not_found'
    handler500 = 'users.views.page_error'

*  404函数，500函数

def page_not_found(request):
        #全局404处理函数
        from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
        response = render_to_response('404.html', {})
        response.status_code = 404    # 这个状态码会影响浏览器的显示
        return response
    
    def page_error(request):
        #全局500处理函数
        from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
        response = render_to_response('500.html', {})
        response.status_code = 500
        return response

*  最后需要将settings的DEBUG改为FALSE，404时才会调用执行我们的404函数
 *  要注意的是：当DEBUG为FALSE时，Django不会代管static和media的资源，一般在生产环境下，静态资源会由第三方的服务器如Nginx来管理
 *  如果要让Django的服务器来代管静态资源，则需在settings中配置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

*  在urls.py中配置

from MxOnline.settings import MEDIA_ROOT,STATIC_ROOT
    
    #配置上传文件的访问处理函数
    url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$',  serve, {
       "document_root":MEDIA_ROOT}),
    url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$',  serve, {
       "document_root":STATIC_ROOT}),

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

*  在访问首页的get方法内添加print 1/0后

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220615/84daeb1d4cb74e83aebcc879b01c6113.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220615/dfe4262843304121a25cea266d5b0279.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220615/9c0ef498246342c9be567bbbae86fddf.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220615/d11969b17cf0429ea2e0fbc6442e9678.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220615/75179e44fe994d16a1097f7343654a76.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220615/6d46f7aa63b848da8cbe773c3a7e44d0.png