git mac使用初体验（三）

一时失言乱红尘 2022-06-16 09:44 196阅读 0赞

本文接着上一章[git 与远程仓库的协作（二）][git],当我们从github 上clone下来仓库代码后，我们要做修改和提交：

*  **仓库状态的查询**
 *  **文件修改并添加到暂存区**
 *  **提交到代码管理repo**
 *  **\*push 到远程仓库github**

--------------------

## 仓库状态的查询 ##

打开终端进入git clone下来的项目目录，例如从github上clone的是test项目，现在就是进入到test目录；

*  ls -a
    
    查看项目目录下文件
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ ls -a  //查看test目录下有哪些文件
        .       ..      .git        README.md
        //.git 文件是隐藏文件，是版本控制repo, README.md是从github上获取的一个文件
 *  git remote -v
    
    查看指向的远程仓库
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git remote -v  
        origin  https://github.com/githubname/test (fetch)
        origin  https://github.com/githubname/test (push
 *  git config –list –global
    
    查看全局配置的name 和 email
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git config --list --global
         user.name=yourname
         user.email=youremail@qq.com
         alias.ci=commit   //这个是第一篇文章配置的commit的别名
 *  git status
    
    查看状态
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git status
        On branch master//以下信息提示，说明clone后项目没有变动
        Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
        nothing to commit, working tree clean

## 文件修改并添加到暂存区 ##

*  touch a b
    
    创建文件a 文件b
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ touch a b
        xu:test xiaokai$ ls
        README.md   a       b    //多出来文件a   文件b
 *  git status
    
    查看状态
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git status
        On branch master
        Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
        Untracked files:
          (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        
            a
            b
        
        nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    
    这段文字的解释：
    
        注：Untracked files: 未注册的文件，最后一行有提示，use "git add" to track,实现注册
 *  git add
    
    添加到“暂存区” stage
    
    git add . //注意要有“ . ”,添加整个目录下的文件到“暂存区”  
    git add a //添加文件到“暂存区”
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git add .
        xu:test xiaokai$ git status
        On branch master
        Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
        Changes to be committed:
          (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
        
            new file:   a
            new file:   b
    
    贴上所有代码片段

xu:test xiaokai$ touch a b
    xu:test xiaokai$ ls
    README.md   a       b
    xu:test xiaokai$ git status
    On branch master
    Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        a
        b
    
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    xu:test xiaokai$ git add .
    xu:test xiaokai$ git status
    On branch master
    Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   a
        new file:   b

## 提交到代码管理repo ##

*  git commit -m “这里添加注释”
    
    提交到本地仓库

xu:test xiaokai$ git commit -m "add a b" //添加到本地仓库，repo [master 15c11d4] add a b 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 a create mode 100644 b xu:test xiaokai$ git status //查看状态 On branch master Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) nothing to commit, working tree clean

在添加后，通过git status 查看状态时提示，在master主分支上有一个提交，在括号中也有提示 (use “git push” to publish your local commits)，使用git push 推送到github 上，

## push 到远程仓库github ##

这里有一点要说，如果是多人协作开发，在git push 前，要先执行 git pull(更新服务器上的内容到本地),

*  git pull
    
    更新服务器上的内容到本地
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git pull
        Already up-to-date.  //更新成功
 *  git push origin master
    
    push刚才的提交到github上,origin 是指推送的github仓库，就是使用git remote -v 得到仓库地址的代名词，master 推送到github 上的主分支上，
    
        xu:test xiaokai$ git push origin master
        Counting objects: 3, done.
        Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
        Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
        Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 268 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
        Total 3 (delta 0), reused 1 (delta 0)
        To https://github.com/Kenway090704/test
        xu:test xiaokai$ git status
        On branch master
        Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
        nothing to commit, working tree clean
    
    这样我们就实现了一次推送文件到github上。  
    登录github，刷新，可以看到我们推送的a b文件已经存在了。

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

贴上代码片段

xu:test xiaokai$ git pull
    Already up-to-date.
    xu:test xiaokai$ git push origin master
    Counting objects: 3, done.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 268 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Total 3 (delta 0), reused 1 (delta 0)
    To https://github.com/Kenway090704/test
       af6b54e..15c11d4  master -> master
    xu:test xiaokai$ git status
    On branch master
    Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    xu:test xiaokai$

该篇文章主要是最简单的一个使用，实际开发中，要有许多命令用到，有时间再写开发中git的使用。

[git]: http://blog.csdn.net/kenway090704/article/details/71642333
[SouthEast]: /images/20220616/6f7ff9c470d14cb7b50974db5390b0d2.png