spring-boot整合redis作为缓存（4）——spring-boot引入Redis

忘是亡心i 2022-06-17 03:11 280阅读 0赞

分几篇文章总结 [spring][]\-boot与 [Redis][]的整合

1、[redis的安装][redis]

2、[redis的设置][redis 1]

[  3、spring-boot的缓存][3_spring-boot]

[ 4、自定义key][4_key]

5、[spring][]\-boot引入[Redis][]

#         依赖 #

需要添加的依赖如下

<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    	
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-redis</artifactId>  
        </dependency>

#          配置 #

配置可以用xml，properties，yml和javaconfig。这里推荐使用javaconfig，因为这样做最灵活。比如用其他的配置方式是不能配置缓存的过期时间。javaconfig不但能配置所有spring提供的功能，还能自己进行扩展。

这里先举一个yml配置的例子

spring: 
       redis: 
        database: 0
        host: 192.168.58.133
        password: nmamtf
        port: 6379
        timeout: 0
        pool: 
          max-idle: 8
          min-idle: 0
          max-active: 8
          max-wait: -1
         
      cache: 
        type: Redis
        cache-name: user,authTree,auth,role,vehicle,vehicleApply,vehicleApplyCollection,msgBox,report,breakRule,deviceParam,device,driver,route,area,system

每一项的意思我不细说了，配过连接池的话，都能看得懂。  
             这里其实有一个问题。这样配置了以后，通过上篇文章的@Cacheable添加缓存以后，redis中看到的key是乱码。

这里再给一个javaconfig配置的例子，用来解决上面的问题，并且为缓存添加过期时间

@EnableCaching
    @Configuration
    public class RedisConfiguration {
    
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.host}")
    	private String host;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.password}")
    	private String password;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.port}")
    	private int port;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.pool.max-idle}")
    	private int max_idle;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.pool.min-idle}")
    	private int min_idle;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.pool.max-wait}")
    	private int max_wait;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.caches.name}")
    	private String cache_name;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.caches.expiration:-1}")
    	private String expiration;
    	
    	@Value("${vehicle.redis.defaultExpiration}")
    	private long defaultExpiration;
    	
    	@Bean  
        public JedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {  
            JedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory();  
            redisConnectionFactory.setHostName(host);  
            redisConnectionFactory.setPort(port);
            redisConnectionFactory.setPassword(password);
            
            JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
            jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(max_idle);
            jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(max_wait);
            jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(min_idle);
    
            redisConnectionFactory.setPoolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);
            
            return redisConnectionFactory;  
        }  
      
        @Bean  
        public RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory cf) {  
            RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<String, String>();  
            redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(cf);  
            redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
            return redisTemplate;  
        }  
      
        @Bean  
        public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {  
            RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);  
            List<String> cacheNames=new ArrayList<String>();
            Map<String,Long> cacheExpirations=new HashMap<String,Long>(cacheNames.size(),1);
            String[] exps=expiration.split(",");
            Cache c=new Cache();
            Optional.ofNullable(cache_name)
            		.ifPresent(cname -> {
            			c.index=0;
            			Arrays.asList(cname.split(","))
            				  .forEach(name -> {
            					 if(name!=null && !name.equals("")){
            						 cacheNames.add(name);
            						 c.index=c.index++;
            						 if(exps[c.index]!=null &&  !exps[c.index].equals("")){
                						 cacheExpirations.put(name, Long.valueOf(exps[c.index]));
            						 }
            					 }
            				  });
            		});
            cacheManager.setCacheNames(cacheNames);
            cacheManager.setDefaultExpiration(defaultExpiration);
            cacheManager.setExpires(cacheExpirations);
            return cacheManager;  
        }  
        
        public class Cache{
        	public int index;
        	public String name;
        	public long expiration;
        }
    
    }

结合@Value的配置如下

vehicle: 
      redis: 
        host: 192.168.58.136
        password: nmamtf
        port: 6379
        pool: 
          max-idle: 8
          min-idle: 0
          max-wait: -1
        caches: 
          name: user,authTree,auth,role,vehicle,vehicleApply,vehicleApplyCollection,msgBox,report,breakRule,deviceParam,device,driver,route,area,system
          expiration: 600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600,600
        defaultExpiration: 3600

关于@Value，我这里就不介绍了，已经不在这篇文章讨论的范围了。

另外需要解释一下的是，为什么会有Cache这么一个内部类。这里引出一个spring的不完善之处，一开始是想通过yml结合@Value这么做的

vehicle:
     redis:
      caches: [
             {name: area,expiration: 600},
             {name: route,expiration: 600}
             ...
    ]

@Value("${vehicle.redis.caches}")
    private Cache[] caches;

这种语法在yml中是可以的，问题出在@Value上，@Value只能解析出字符串，其他对象，数组都不能解析。问题在于spring以前是对properties提供支持的，这个时候只存在字符串的占位符，引入yml后，该功能还没有完善。spring用的是PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer，调用的是processProperties方法，源码如下

![Center][]

可以看到其中对占位符的操作时StringValueResolver。所以要完美支持yml中的对象和数组占位符，需要扩展PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer即可。，

题外话说完，来看配置中的关键地方。

1、配置JedisConnectionFactory

a、通过JedisConnectionFactory可以设置redis的属性，包括url，密码，端口号，以及链接池

b、通过JedisPoolConfig来设置redis的连接池，并通过redisConnectionFactory.setPoolConfig(jedisPoolConfig);设置到JedisConnectionFactory

2、配置RedisTemplate

如果直接用jedis来操作redis，那么使用Jedis对象即可，这个RedisTemplate是spring-data对jedis的封装。

a、把JedisConnectionFactory设置到RedisTemplate

b、指定字符串序列化工具为key的序列化工具，redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());解决乱码的关键。何为字符串序列化，其实就是

String的getBytes()方法。默认使用的是对象的序列化方法，就是调用ObjectOutputStream的write方法。这样的话，就算key是String类型，也会加入string对象的

一些额外信息，因此会造出乱码。

3、配置CacheManager

**                      这个是spring-boot配置缓存必须的，详情请看**spring-boot的缓存这篇文章。

a、使用的CacheManager为RedisCcacheManager.setCacheNamesacheManager

b、通过RedisCcacheManager的setCacheNames(Collection<String>)添加缓存

c、通过RedisCcacheManager的setExpires(Map<String, Long>)添加缓存的超期时间

d、通过RedisCcacheManager的setDefaultExpiration(Long)配置默认超期时间

#        乱码的解决 #

其实通过上面的讲解，我们已经知道乱码的解决方法：

1、key必须为字符串，这也是为什么上篇文章，自定义key的时候，BaseCacheKeyGenerator返回的是key.toString()，而不是key的原因。

2、key的序列化方式必须用String的getBytes()方法，也就是redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());

#        乱码原因源码分析 #

整个缓存key的调用过程如下：

动态代理执行Aop，其中一般有两个，一个是事务，一个是cache。cache先执行，进入到CacheAspectSupport类

CacheAspectSupport->privateObject execute(CacheOperationInvoker invoker, CacheOperationContexts contexts)

Cache.ValueWrapper cacheHit =findCachedItem(contexts.get(CacheableOperation.class));为@Cacheable的相应操作

List<CachePutRequest> cachePutRequests = newLinkedList<CachePutRequest>();为@Cachput的相应操作

processCacheEvicts(contexts.get(CacheEvictOperation.class),false, result.get());为@CacheEvict的相应操作

private Object execute(CacheOperationInvoker invoker, CacheOperationContexts contexts) {
    		// Process any early evictions
    		processCacheEvicts(contexts.get(CacheEvictOperation.class), true, ExpressionEvaluator.NO_RESULT);
    
    		// Check if we have a cached item matching the conditions
    		Cache.ValueWrapper cacheHit = findCachedItem(contexts.get(CacheableOperation.class));
    
    		// Collect puts from any @Cacheable miss, if no cached item is found
    		List<CachePutRequest> cachePutRequests = new LinkedList<CachePutRequest>();
    		if (cacheHit == null) {
    			collectPutRequests(contexts.get(CacheableOperation.class), ExpressionEvaluator.NO_RESULT, cachePutRequests);
    		}
    
    		Cache.ValueWrapper result = null;
    
    		// If there are no put requests, just use the cache hit
    		if (cachePutRequests.isEmpty() && !hasCachePut(contexts)) {
    			result = cacheHit;
    		}
    
    		// Invoke the method if don't have a cache hit
    		if (result == null) {
    			result = new SimpleValueWrapper(invokeOperation(invoker));
    		}
    
    		// Collect any explicit @CachePuts
    		collectPutRequests(contexts.get(CachePutOperation.class), result.get(), cachePutRequests);
    
    		// Process any collected put requests, either from @CachePut or a @Cacheable miss
    		for (CachePutRequest cachePutRequest : cachePutRequests) {
    			cachePutRequest.apply(result.get());
    		}
    
    		// Process any late evictions
    		processCacheEvicts(contexts.get(CacheEvictOperation.class), false, result.get());
    
    		return result.get();
    	}

其中，我们只关心@Cacheable的操作，在privateCache.ValueWrapper findCachedItem(Collection<CacheOperationContext>contexts) 方法中

private Cache.ValueWrapperfindCachedItem(Collection<CacheOperationContext> contexts) {
    
                       Objectresult = ExpressionEvaluator.NO_RESULT;
    
                       for(CacheOperationContext context : contexts) {
    
                                if(isConditionPassing(context, result)) {
    
                                         Object key = generateKey(context, result);
    
                                         Cache.ValueWrapper cached = findInCaches(context, key);               
    
                                         if(cached != null) {
    
                                                   returncached;
    
                                         }
    
                                         else{
    
                                                   if(logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    
                                                            logger.trace("Nocache entry for key '" + key + "' in cache(s) " +context.getCacheNames());
    
                                                   }
    
                                         }
    
                                }
    
                       }
    
                       returnnull;
    
             }

Object key = generateKey(context, result);生成我们的key，在context中存在我们自定义的BaseCacheKeyGenerator。它是context.metadata.keyGenerator，context会调用KeyGenerator的public Object generate(Object target, Method method, Object... params)方法。

private Object generateKey(CacheOperationContext context, Object result) {
    		Object key = context.generateKey(result);
    		if (key == null) {
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null key returned for cache operation (maybe you are " +
    					"using named params on classes without debug info?) " + context.metadata.operation);
    		}
    		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    			logger.trace("Computed cache key '" + key + "' for operation " + context.metadata.operation);
    		}
    		return key;
    	}

CacheAspectSupport$CacheOperationContext的generateKey方法

protected Object generateKey(Object result) {
    			if (StringUtils.hasText(this.metadata.operation.getKey())) {
    				EvaluationContext evaluationContext = createEvaluationContext(result);
    				return evaluator.key(this.metadata.operation.getKey(), this.methodCacheKey, evaluationContext);
    			}
    			return this.metadata.keyGenerator.generate(this.target, this.metadata.method, this.args);
    		}

回到CacheAspectSupport的findCachedItem方法

Cache.ValueWrapper cached = findInCaches(context, key);用来根据key找到相应的缓存。

接下来，我们来看privateCache.ValueWrapper findInCaches(CacheOperationContext context, Object key) 方法

private Cache.ValueWrapper findInCaches(CacheOperationContext context, Object key) {
    		for (Cache cache : context.getCaches()) {
    			Cache.ValueWrapper wrapper = doGet(cache, key);
    			if (wrapper != null) {
    				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    					logger.trace("Cache entry for key '" + key + "' found in cache '" + cache.getName() + "'");
    				}
    				return wrapper;
    			}
    		}
    		return null;
    	}

Cache.ValueWrapper wrapper = doGet(cache, key);看来实际获取缓存的是doGet方法

protected Cache.ValueWrapper doGet(Cache cache, Object key) {
    		try {
    			return cache.get(key);
    		}
    		catch (RuntimeException e) {
    			getErrorHandler().handleCacheGetError(e, cache, key);
    			return null; // If the exception is handled, return a cache miss
    		}
    	}

实际是 cache.get(key)

public ValueWrapper get(Object key) {
    		return get(new RedisCacheKey(key).usePrefix(this.cacheMetadata.getKeyPrefix()).withKeySerializer(
    				redisOperations.getKeySerializer()));
    	}

其中我们的BaseKey被封装成了RedisCacheKey，其实我们的key没有变，只是RedisCacheKey多了一些redis的成员变量而已。

然后又调用了一个publicRedisCacheElement get(final RedisCacheKey cacheKey) 方法

public RedisCacheElement get(final RedisCacheKey cacheKey) {
    
    		notNull(cacheKey, "CacheKey must not be null!");
    
    		byte[] bytes = (byte[]) redisOperations.execute(new AbstractRedisCacheCallback<byte[]>(new BinaryRedisCacheElement(
    				new RedisCacheElement(cacheKey, null), cacheValueAccessor), cacheMetadata) {
    
    			@Override
    			public byte[] doInRedis(BinaryRedisCacheElement element, RedisConnection connection) throws DataAccessException {
    				return connection.get(element.getKeyBytes());
    			}
    		});
    
    		return (bytes == null ? null : new RedisCacheElement(cacheKey, cacheValueAccessor.deserializeIfNecessary(bytes)));
    	}

其中我们可以看到，最底层还是通过 connection.get(element.getKeyBytes());来实现的，connection为jedis的封装。

我们这里重点要关注的是newBinaryRedisCacheElement( newRedisCacheElement(cacheKey, null), cacheValueAccessor)这个构造器

public BinaryRedisCacheElement(RedisCacheElement element, CacheValueAccessor accessor) {
    
    			super(element.getKey(), element.get());
    			this.element = element;
    			this.keyBytes = element.getKeyBytes();
    			this.accessor = accessor;
    
    			lazyLoad = element.get() instanceof Callable;
    			this.valueBytes = lazyLoad ? null : accessor.convertToBytesIfNecessary(element.get());
    		}

其中this.keyBytes= element.getKeyBytes();就是用来把key进行序列化的操作。

public byte[] getKeyBytes() {
    
    		byte[] rawKey = serializeKeyElement();
    		if (!hasPrefix()) {
    			return rawKey;
    		}
    
    		byte[] prefixedKey = Arrays.copyOf(prefix, prefix.length + rawKey.length);
    		System.arraycopy(rawKey, 0, prefixedKey, prefix.length, rawKey.length);
    
    		return prefixedKey;
    	}

其中关键代码 byte\[\]rawKey = serializeKeyElement();

private byte[] serializeKeyElement() {
    
    		if (serializer == null && keyElement instanceof byte[]) {
    			return (byte[]) keyElement;
    		}
    
    		return serializer.serialize(keyElement);
    	}

其中关键代码 returnserializer.serialize(keyElement);这里的serializer为JdkSerializationRedisSerializer implementsRedisSerializer<Object>，如果我们在配置的时候设置redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer())，则这里的serializer变为StringRedisSerializer。

public byte[] serialize(Object object) {
    		if (object == null) {
    			return SerializationUtils.EMPTY_ARRAY;
    		}
    		try {
    			return serializer.convert(object);
    		} catch (Exception ex) {
    			throw new SerializationException("Cannot serialize", ex);
    		}
    	}

其中关键代码return serializer.convert(object);

public byte[] convert(Object source) {
    		ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
    		try  {
    			this.serializer.serialize(source, byteStream);
    			return byteStream.toByteArray();
    		}
    		catch (Throwable ex) {
    			throw new SerializationFailedException("Failed to serialize object using " +
    					this.serializer.getClass().getSimpleName(), ex);
    		}
    	}

其中关键代码为 this.serializer.serialize(source,byteStream);这里的serializer为DefaultSerializer，

DefaultSerializer的serialize(source,byteStream)方法源码如下

public void serialize(Object object, OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
    		if (!(object instanceof Serializable)) {
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException(getClass().getSimpleName() + " requires a Serializable payload " +
    					"but received an object of type [" + object.getClass().getName() + "]");
    		}
    		ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
    		objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
    		objectOutputStream.flush();
    	}

看到了吗，这里用的是ObjectOutputStream进行的序列化，所以造成了乱码  
                                 如果是StringRedisSerializer的话，serializer方法的源码如下：

public byte[] serialize(String string) {
        return string == null ? null : string.getBytes(this.charset);
      }

这样对于字符串格式的key则不会产生乱码

[spring]: http://lib.csdn.net/base/javaee
[Redis]: http://lib.csdn.net/base/redis
[redis]: http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/52699610
[redis 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/70172115
[3_spring-boot]: http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/70173163
[4_key]: http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/70174386
[Center]: /images/20220617/1573b198e9a54befbcd8a7e725143360.png