Scrapy shell调试返回403错误

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-06-17 04:56 241阅读 0赞

**一、问题描述**

有时候用scrapy shell来调试很方便,但是有些网站有防爬虫机制,所以使用scrapy shell会返回403,比如下面

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/
    2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)
    2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0}
    2017-04-17 15:18:53 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
    ['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
     'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
    ['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
    ['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
    []
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    2017-04-17 15:18:54 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    [s] Available Scrapy objects:
    [s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)
    [s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001E696FBAD68>
    [s]   item       {}
    [s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   response   <403 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001E6993C7B70>
    [s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1e69964d1d0>
    [s] Useful shortcuts:
    [s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)
    [s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects
    [s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)
    [s]   view(response)    View response in a browser
    In [1]:

直接返回403!!

**二、解决方法**

有两种解决方法:

**(1):第一种方法是在命令上加上-s USER\_AGENT='Mozilla/5.0'**

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell -s USER_AGENT='Mozilla/5.0'  https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0, 'USER_AGENT': "'Mozilla/5.0'"}
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
    ['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
     'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
    ['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
    ['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
    []
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
    2017-04-17 15:21:37 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
    2017-04-17 15:21:38 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)
    2017-04-17 15:21:38 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    2017-04-17 15:21:38 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    [s] Available Scrapy objects:
    [s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)
    [s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001D2DC68AD68>
    [s]   item       {}
    [s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   response   <200 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001D2DEAB6B38>
    [s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1d2ded3d208>
    [s] Useful shortcuts:
    [s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)
    [s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects
    [s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)
    [s]   view(response)    View response in a browser
    In [1]:

第一种方法最简单但是每次操作都要加上去很繁琐,第二种方法比较好。

**(2):第二种方法是修改scrapy的user-agent默认值**

找到python的:安装目录下的default\_settings.py文件,比如我的F:\\Software\\Python36\\Lib\\site-packages\\scrapy\\settings\\default\_settings.py

把

USER_AGENT = 'Scrapy/%s (+http://scrapy.org)' % import_module('scrapy').__version__

改为

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0'

使用shell再次，发现已经可以正常访问html不会在出现403错误了。

C:\Users\fendo>scrapy shell  "https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/"
    2017-04-17 15:34:13 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: scrapybot)
    2017-04-17 15:34:13 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0}
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
    ['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
     'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole']
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
    ['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
    ['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
     'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
    []
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
    2017-04-17 15:34:14 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
    2017-04-17 15:34:15 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/> (referer: None)
    2017-04-17 15:34:15 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    2017-04-17 15:34:15 [traitlets] DEBUG: Using default logger
    [s] Available Scrapy objects:
    [s]   scrapy     scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)
    [s]   crawler    <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x000001476886AD68>
    [s]   item       {}
    [s]   request    <GET https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   response   <200 https://book.douban.com/subject/26805083/>
    [s]   settings   <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x000001476AC97B70>
    [s]   spider     <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x1476af1d198>
    [s] Useful shortcuts:
    [s]   fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)
    [s]   fetch(req)                  Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects
    [s]   shelp()           Shell help (print this help)
    [s]   view(response)    View response in a browser
    In [1]: