CentOS 7下的VirtualEnv的安装配置简明教程

偏执的太偏执、 2022-06-17 10:53 401阅读 0赞

引言： 在目前的Linux系统中，默认使用的都是Python 2.7.x的版本环境，如何想要在其上基于Python3的环境来进行开发，则需要基于VirutalEnv来构建独立的开发环境。

1.  环境介绍

CentOS 7,  Python 2.7, Python 3.6

2.  下载安装virutalenv

>>  pip install virtualenv

[root@xxxl]# ^C
    [root@xxxZ]# pip install virtualenv
    Collecting virtualenv
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/6f/86/3dc328ee7b1a6419ebfac7896d882fba83c48e3561d22ddddf38294d3e83/virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.8MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.8MB 34.9MB/s 
    Installing collected packages: virtualenv
    Successfully installed virtualenv-15.1.0

测试是否安装成功：

>> virtualenv -h

[root@xxx]# virtualenv -h
    Usage: virtualenv [OPTIONS] DEST_DIR
    
    Options:
      --version             show program's version number and exit
      -h, --help            show this help message and exit
      -v, --verbose         Increase verbosity.
      -q, --quiet           Decrease verbosity.
      -p PYTHON_EXE, --python=PYTHON_EXE
                            The Python interpreter to use, e.g.,
                            --python=python2.5 will use the python2.5 interpreter
                            to create the new environment.  The default is the
                            interpreter that virtualenv was installed with
                            (/usr/bin/python2)
      --clear               Clear out the non-root install and start from scratch.
      --no-site-packages    DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                            Not having access to global site-packages is now the
                            default behavior.
      --system-site-packages
                            Give the virtual environment access to the global
                            site-packages.
      --always-copy         Always copy files rather than symlinking.
      --unzip-setuptools    Unzip Setuptools when installing it.
      --relocatable         Make an EXISTING virtualenv environment relocatable.
                            This fixes up scripts and makes all .pth files
                            relative.
      --no-setuptools       Do not install setuptools in the new virtualenv.
      --no-pip              Do not install pip in the new virtualenv.
      --no-wheel            Do not install wheel in the new virtualenv.
      --extra-search-dir=DIR
                            Directory to look for setuptools/pip distributions in.
                            This option can be used multiple times.
      --download            Download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
      --no-download, --never-download
                            Do not download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
      --prompt=PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
                            environment.
      --setuptools          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                            This option has no effect.
      --distribute          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                            This option has no effect.

virutalenv安装成功了

3.  安装新的Python版本

可以从python的官方站点，下载源代码，编译安装，这里Python安装包是3.6.1的版本。具体的安装过程可以参考网路上的文档。

\*  download the source code package from python.org

\*  tar zxvf python.xx.tgz  ,   tar xvf Python.tar.xz

\*  cd source\_code\_folder

\* ./configure  --prefix=/opt/python-install-path

\* make & make install

默认会安装到/usr/local

4.  VirtualEnv的设置

>> virutalenv -p  python36-install-path/bin/python.exe python36env

这里设置Python版本为3.6， 新的环境目录为python36env