用CL_AUNIT_ASSERT 类进行ABAP单元测试 ABAP Unit TEST

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-06-17 23:38 105阅读 0赞

## 转自：[http://www.saptechnical.com/Tutorials/OOPS/ABAPUnit/Index.htm][http_www.saptechnical.com_Tutorials_OOPS_ABAPUnit_Index.htm] ##

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## Understanding "ABAP Unit" ##

By Nithya Murugesan, YASH Technologies

**Introduction:**

It is a best practice to modularize our programs as much as   we can for better programming. If we want to check one particular module like   subroutines, function modules or classes for bugs then we can do it using ABAP   Unit. ABAP Unit is a tool for unit testing of ABAP programs.

**How to write these    tests:**

ABAP unit is based on ABAP objects. The global class    CL\_AUNIT\_ASSERT contains methods which can be used for testing .Tests are    implemented in local classes. Inside the local class the necessary method from    the global class can be called for testing. These test classes can be written    inside the program for which the test is to be done. It will not affect our    production code in anyways.

**Difference between    Ordinary class and Test class:**

Both the test class and test method should have FOR TESTING    addition.

Ex:

CLASS    mytest DEFINITION **FOR TESTING**.

PRIVATE SECTION.

METHODS mytest **FOR TESTING**.

ENDCLASS.

**Methods in    CL\_AUNIT\_ASSERT for Testing:  **

*  ASSERT\_EQUALS
 *  ASSERT\_DIFFERS
 *  ASSERT\_BOUND
 *  ASSERT\_NOT\_BOUND
 *  ASSERT\_INITIAL
 *  ASSERT\_NOT\_INITIAL
 *  ASSERT\_CHAR\_CP
 *  ASSERT\_CHAR\_NP
 *  ASSERT\_EQUALS\_F
 *  FAIL
 *  ABORT

ASSERT\_EQUALS - Checks the equality of two data objects.

ASSERT\_DIFFERS - Checks for the difference of two data  objects.

ASSERT\_BOUND - checks for the validity of the reference of  a reference variable.

ASSERT\_INITIAL - checks whether the reference of a  reference variable is invalid.

ASSERT\_NOT\_INITIAL - checks whether the data object is not  having its initial value.

ASSERT\_SUBRC - checks for the specific value of SY-SUBRC.

**ASSERT\_EQUALS:  **

ASSERT\_EQUALS is one of the methods in the class    CL\_AUNIT\_ASSERT. This method can be used for checking equality of two data    objects.

The    parameters of the method:

**ACT**             - Actual result

**EXP**             - Expected Result

**MSG**           - Message to be displayed in the result

**LEVEL**     - Error    level (Tolerable/Critical/fatal)

**QUIT**         -   If the test fails, flow level is controlled using this

(NO/METHOD/CLASS/PROGRAM)

**TOL**            - Tolerance level for F

**Levels:**

*  0  -      Tolerable
 *  1  -      Critical
 *  2  -      Fatal

**Quit:**

*  No ( 0 ) –  It will    continue the current test Method.
 *  Method ( 1 )   –        It will interrupt the current test method
 *  Class ( 2 )    –        It will interrupt the current test class.
 *  Program ( 3 )  –   abandon execution of all test classes for the tested  program.

**Tolerance:**

If the tolerance limit specified is exceeded then error is  shown.

Ex:

Actual result – 24.

Expected Result – 25.

Tolerance – 0.9999.       Difference = Expected Result - Actual result.                     = 1 > tolerance.  
   Therefore displays an error.

**Example Program:  **

Let us consider an example for ABAP unit test using the    method ASSERT\_EQUALS to check the equality of two data objects. In this program,    we have two methods divide and factorial in a local class MATH.   We want to test the factorial method. So we have created one class and    one method MYTEST for testing. In the test method implementation we have called    the factorial method and so the data object RESULT is populated. Now we are    going to compare the actual data object (RESULT) with the expected result. For    that we are calling the ASSERT\_EQUALS from the global class passing the expected    result.

REPORT ZWTEST1 .

class math DEFINITION.  
  PUBLIC SECTION.  
  METHODS divide  
          IMPORTING opr1 type i  
                    opr2 type i  
          EXPORTING result type f  
          RAISING   cx\_sy\_arithmetic\_error.  
  methods factorial  
          IMPORTING n type i  
          RETURNING VALUE(fact) type i.  
  ENDCLASS.

class math implementation.  
  method  divide.  
    result = opr1 / opr2.  
  ENDMETHOD.  
  method factorial.  
    fact = 1.  
    if n = 0.  
      return.  
    else.  
      do n times.  
        fact = fact \* sy-index.  
      enddo.  
    endif.  
  endmethod.  
ENDCLASS.  
  start-of-SELECTION.  
  data w\_obj type ref to math.  
  data exc type ref to cx\_sy\_arithmetic\_error.  
  DATA res  TYPE f.  
  DATA result TYPE i.  
  DATA text TYPE string.  
  CREATE OBJECT w\_obj.  
  TRY.  
      w\_obj->divide( EXPORTING opr1 = 32 opr2 = 4  
                         IMPORTING result = res ).  
      WRITE : res.  
      text = res.  
    CATCH cx\_sy\_arithmetic\_error INTO exc.  
      text = exc->get\_text( ).  
      MESSAGE text TYPE 'I'.  
  ENDTRY.  
  CREATE OBJECT w\_obj.  
  COMPUTE result = w\_obj->factorial( 4 ).  
  WRITE :/ 'The result for factorial is:',result.  
\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
\*       CLASS mytest DEFINITION  
\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
\*  
\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
CLASS mytest DEFINITION  "\#AU Risk\_Level Harmless  
            FOR TESTING. "\#AU Duration Short  
  PRIVATE SECTION.  
    METHODS mytest FOR TESTING.  
ENDCLASS.                    "mytest DEFINITION\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
\*       CLASS mytest IMPLEMENTATION  
\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
\*  
\*----------------------------------------------------------------------\*  
CLASS mytest IMPLEMENTATION.  
  METHOD mytest.  
       CREATE OBJECT w\_obj.  
    result = w\_obj->factorial( 4 ).  
    cl\_aunit\_assert=>assert\_equals( act    = result  
                                    exp    = '240'  
                                    msg    = 'Factorial Not calculated Correctly'  
                                    level  = '0'  
                                    quit   = '2'  
                                    tol    = '0.999'  
                                     ).  
  ENDMETHOD.                    "mytest  
ENDCLASS.

注释：  要激活程序 在左上角菜单 program----> test---->unit test

使用code inspector在program ---> check--->code inspector

要ABAP Unit出来 需要自己创建一个默认的entry 在code inspector

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