docker基本操作

骑猪看日落 2022-06-18 00:42 199阅读 0赞

## docker基本操作 ##

#### 一、简介 ####

> Docker 和传统虚拟化方式的不同之处。传统虚拟机技术是虚拟出一套硬件后，在其上运行一个完整操作系统，在该系统上再运行所需应用进程；而容器内的应用进程直接运行于宿主的内核，容器内没有自己的内核，而且也没有进行硬件虚拟。因此容器要比传统虚拟机更为轻便
> 
> 镜像（Image）和容器（Container）的关系，就像是面向对象程序设计中的类和实例一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器是镜像运行时的实体。容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等

#### 二、安装须知 ####

操作系统: Mac OS Yosemite 10.10.5

Mac地址：[https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/Docker.dmg][https_download.docker.com_mac_stable_Docker.dmg]

Docker.dmg：安装提供Docker Engine，Docker CLI客户端，Docker Compose和Docker Machine

#### 三、安装 ####

1）运行Docker.dmg安装

2）配置个人加速镜像（我使用阿里云[https://cr.console.aliyun.com/\#/accelerator][https_cr.console.aliyun.com_accelerator]）

3) 运行`docker version`和`docker info`检查

➜ docker version
    Client:
     Version:      17.03.0-ce
     API version:  1.26
     Go version:   go1.7.5
     Git commit:   60ccb22
     Built:        Thu Feb 23 10:40:59 2017
     OS/Arch:      darwin/amd64
    
    Server:
     Version:      17.03.0-ce
     API version:  1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
     Go version:   go1.7.5
     Git commit:   3a232c8
     Built:        Tue Feb 28 07:52:04 2017
     OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
     Experimental: true

➜ docker info
    Containers: 1
     Running: 1
     Paused: 0
     Stopped: 0
    Images: 1
    Server Version: 17.03.0-ce
    Storage Driver: overlay2
     Backing Filesystem: extfs
     Supports d_type: true
     Native Overlay Diff: true
    Logging Driver: json-file
    Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    Plugins:
     Volume: local
     Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
    Swarm: inactive
    Runtimes: runc
    Default Runtime: runc
    Init Binary: docker-init
    containerd version: 977c511eda0925a723debdc94d09459af49d082a
    runc version: a01dafd48bc1c7cc12bdb01206f9fea7dd6feb70
    init version: 949e6fa
    Security Options:
     seccomp
      Profile: default
    Kernel Version: 4.9.12-moby
    Operating System: Alpine Linux v3.5
    OSType: linux
    Architecture: x86_64
    CPUs: 2
    Total Memory: 1.952 GiB
    Name: moby
    ID: V5PN:CAOJ:YYKT:B7IK:PTP3:OQKS:Q26Q:UJYZ:OG2K:HSPK:WRME:KJP5
    Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): true
     File Descriptors: 23
     Goroutines: 32
     System Time: 2017-03-27T03:33:06.945792584Z
     EventsListeners: 1
    No Proxy: 127.0.0.1
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    Experimental: true
    Insecure Registries:
     127.0.0.0/8
    Registry Mirrors:
     https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com
    Live Restore Enabled: false

#### 四、运行nginx ####

启动运行nginx, 执行`docker run -d -p 80:80 --name webserver nginx`

➜ docker run -d -p 80:80 --name webserver nginx
    Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    693502eb7dfb: Pull complete
    6decb850d2bc: Pull complete
    c3e19f087ed6: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:52a189e49c0c797cfc5cbfe578c68c225d160fb13a42954144b29af3fe4fe335
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    4b11e6ed897d6df195936f60916ffda704d55f75645270f338a10b68480112e7

启动bash命令交互操作客户端

➜ docker exec -it webserver bash
    root@2964bd62006a:/#

停止niginx, 运行`docker stop webserver`

➜ docker stop webserver
    webserver

删除nginx, 运行`docker rm webserver`

➜ docker rm webserver
    webserver

#### 五、运行ubuntu ####

镜像官方仓库：[https://hub.docker.com/explore/][https_hub.docker.com_explore]

下载ubuntu

➜ docker pull ubuntu:14.04
    14.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
    30d541b48fc0: Pull complete
    8ecd7f80d390: Pull complete
    46ec9927bb81: Pull complete
    2e67a4d67b44: Pull complete
    7d9dd9155488: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:62a5dce5ceccd7f1cb2672a571ebee52cad1f08eec9b57fe4965fb0968a9602e
    Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:14.04

启动运行ubuntu

> \-it：这是两个参数，一个是 -i：交互式操作，一个是 -t 终端。我们这里打算进入 bash 执行一些命令并查看返回结果，因此我们需要交互式终端。
> 
> –rm：这个参数是说容器退出后随之将其删除。默认情况下，为了排障需求，退出的容器并不会立即删除，除非手动 docker rm。我们这里只是随便执行个命令，看看结果，不需要排障和保留结果，因此使用 –rm 可以避免浪费空间。
> 
> ubuntu:14.04：这是指用 ubuntu:14.04 镜像为基础来启动容器。
> 
> –name myUbuntu：给容器取一个别名叫`myUbuntu`

➜ docker run -it --rm --name myUbuntu ubuntu:14.04
    root@2ef73a93ef7b:/#

或者不指定ubuntu版本，直接启动时，直接下载最新版本`ubuntu:latest`

➜ docker run -it --name myUbuntu ubuntu:14.04
    Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
    d54efb8db41d: Pull complete
    f8b845f45a87: Pull complete
    e8db7bf7c39f: Pull complete
    9654c40e9079: Pull complete
    6d9ef359eaaa: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:dd7808d8792c9841d0b460122f1acf0a2dd1f56404f8d1e56298048885e45535
    Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
    root@366ea11633cf:/#

停止ubuntu容器

➜ docker stop myUbuntu
    myUbuntu

删除ubuntu容器

➜ docker rm myUbuntu
    myUbuntu

查看历史镜像

➜ docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              6b914bbcb89e        3 weeks ago         182 MB
    ubuntu              14.04               7c09e61e9035        3 weeks ago         188 MB

删除ubuntu镜像

使用`docker rmi <IMAGE ID>`删除，但是必须先要`docker rm myUbuntu`才能删除镜像

➜ docker rmi 7c09e61e9035
    Untagged: ubuntu:14.04
    Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:62a5dce5ceccd7f1cb2672a571ebee52cad1f08eec9b57fe4965fb0968a9602e
    Deleted: sha256:7c09e61e90350e8f5c0cba2979003bdfe32c2d027b68b4f0cf9063cdd7b4bafd
    Deleted: sha256:304aecb5e13929f85d3ce2e9d83d0212866c8e55a460c94cf24bd75da1c7c153
    Deleted: sha256:f302be18d46a45c0edbbd9b4bc02db764a4b0b8cd9bd0490f33dfaff039a3b62
    Deleted: sha256:c523f3173f6028e5329fd401331c375f7b9b9e831d915fafaf358f55e36e3747
    Deleted: sha256:94e631422130dc414878fd05efe3d59de44c9d8904696a7c299a83f378a92845
    Deleted: sha256:c29b5eadf94a90a2abda13e765d4fad4825fd15621dea1d9a98b60b89b835c2a

查看docker进程

➜ docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    366ea11633cf        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Exited (0) 59 seconds ago                       myUbuntu

#### 六、制作自定义nginx ####

1) 启动nginx

➜  docker run -d -p 80:80 --name webserver nginx
    Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    693502eb7dfb: Pull complete
    6decb850d2bc: Pull complete
    c3e19f087ed6: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:52a189e49c0c797cfc5cbfe578c68c225d160fb13a42954144b29af3fe4fe335
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    2964bd62006acd43611ea045e8152f651905e213c392e008a59eebe667080b3d

2） 启动bash控制台并修改`index.html`内容

➜  docker exec -it webserver bash
    root@2964bd62006a:/# ls
    bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    root@2964bd62006a:/# echo '<h1>Hello, Docker!</h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
    root@2964bd62006a:/# exit
    exit

3）查看容器修改内容

➜  docker diff webserver
    C /root
    A /root/.bash_history
    C /run
    A /run/nginx.pid
    C /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
    C /var/cache/nginx
    A /var/cache/nginx/client_temp
    A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
    A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
    A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
    A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp

4）制作v2版本tag的nginx

➜  ~ docker commit --author "zhengyong" --message "update index.htm" webserver nigix:v2 sha256:b86a71250cf4e41a34af24b7e2924e3909ecdf74262195d6ac30fd57bbdbaf35

5) 启动v2版本nginx

➜  docker run -d -p 80:80 --name ng nigix:v2
    72f15356de38c26456cdee8a68651a2de25e59d8f8e4ce31e82c434927ff4b4f

[https_download.docker.com_mac_stable_Docker.dmg]: https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/Docker.dmg
[https_cr.console.aliyun.com_accelerator]: https://cr.console.aliyun.com/#/accelerator
[https_hub.docker.com_explore]: https://hub.docker.com/explore/