解决使用MSBuild编译项目没有拷贝间接引用的dll问题

你的名字 2022-07-11 11:18 133阅读 0赞

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Description：使用命令行编译项目时，只会拷贝直接引用的二进制dll到项目输出文件夹,不会拷贝间接引用的。例如同一解决方案下有A,B两个项目，A项目引用log4net,B项目引用A项目。使用VS编译时会把log4net.dll拷贝到B项目的bin目录，但是简单的使用MSBuild b.csproj /p:Configuration:Release并不会拷贝log4net.

Analysis:从最表面入手，没有拷贝就让他拷贝。查看MSDN，得知有Copy task可以用，实际上msbuild所有的步骤都定义在csproj文件和MSBuild .Targets 文件里边了。找到最简单暴力的方法，拷贝。

1.先确定从哪里拷贝什么，很显然我们需要的是A项目bin/(debug|release)目录下的dll文件，有个疑问，这个dll版本会是最新的吗？答：一定是，因为使用MSBuild编译时所有间接引用的项目都会根据指令重新生成。

直接在当前夏木的csproj文件的Project配置节下边添加一个<ItemGroup>配置节，设置我们需要查找的文件。$(Configuration)是指当前编译时使用/p传进来的参数，msbuild会自动替换掉，如使用MSBuild b.csproj /p:Configuration:Release并就会替换成Release。

![2011090500080489.png][]

2.什么时候如何拷贝。这个也很简单。在csproj文件末尾添加Name属性为AfterBuild的Target 配置节。因为这个项目时webApplication项目，所以直接拷贝到bin目录即可。

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     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;Target Name=</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">"AfterBuild"</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;Copy</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
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      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">SourceFiles=</code> 
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     </div> 
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      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">DestinationFolder="bin\"/&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
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      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/Target&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em 0px 0px!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/Project&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

思考：

这个方法方便可靠吗？

肯定不方便，建立每个可执行项目(exe,webApplication)都需要修改一下配置文件。此方法还没有在website上验证。

也不太可靠，如果出现下边的情况会是怎样呢?

![2011090501134959.png][]

这种复制具有不确定性，即大家都不确定最终是哪个版本覆盖哪个版本。实际上这个在我之前写代码的时候就发现了，一直不知道如何处理，两个版本改动不大还好说，如果改动大了呢?我当时的做法是使用[Dll Redirection][]，把低版本重定向高版本。但是这完全是自作自受的做法，在自己可控范围内为什么不用同一个版本的dll呢，如果这样不就可靠了吗？其实有可能还是不可靠，因为还有很多种情况没有检验过，这个方法只限于解决当前问题。常常见到别人和我从同一个出发点开始思考，往往提出了更全面，更前瞻性的解决方案时就觉得很没劲、很自责。想来和经验与性格都有关，有待改进！

不可靠你还拿出来？

完全是记录自己解决问题的思路。其实这种思路并不正确，我总是喜欢做一些模棱两可的事情，表面上看似解决问题了，实际则不然，一直再改进，但起色不大，求指点。

这个是最优方法吗？

不是，如果你打开MSBuild .Targets 文件就发现有很多流程和这个问题相关，很多地方都能解决这个问题，DUDU老大找到一篇资料[《resolving binary references in msbuild][resolving binary references in msbuild]》就提出了至少2种方法，显示一个简单暴力的方法，接着给出了一个比较perfect的解决方案。

参考：

Copy 任务 [http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/3e54c37h(v=VS.100).aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_3e54c37h_v_VS.100_.aspx]

MSBuild .Targets 文件[http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms164312.aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_ms164312.aspx]

ResolveNativeReference 任务 [http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms164302.aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_ms164302.aspx]

MSbuild [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wea2sca5(v=VS.90).aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_en-us_library_wea2sca5_v_VS.90_.aspx]

[2011090500080489.png]: /images/20220711/6dc007b5d3b84e63956812b714da0ee1.png
[2011090501134959.png]: /images/20220711/58ddb77c14f44b4c84eba7fec3f537eb.png
[Dll Redirection]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682600%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
[resolving binary references in msbuild]: http://www.beefycode.com/post/Resolving-Binary-References-in-MSBuild.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_3e54c37h_v_VS.100_.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/3e54c37h%28v=VS.100%29.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_ms164312.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms164312.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_ms164302.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms164302.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_en-us_library_wea2sca5_v_VS.90_.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wea2sca5%28v=VS.90%29.aspx