OpenGL进阶示例1——动态画线（虚线、实线、颜色、速度等）

野性酷女 2022-07-12 12:07 718阅读 0赞

http://blog.csdn.net/lynch0571/article/details/30496205

用OpenGL动态绘制线段，其实很简单，但到现在为止，网上可参考资料并不多。于是亲自动手写一个函数，方便动态绘制线段。代码如下：

**\[cpp\]**  [view plain][]   [copy][view plain]

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1.  \#include<GL/glut.h>                       //OpenGL实用工具包  
2.  \#include <Windows.h>  
3.    
4.  /\*所遇问题： 
5.  1、系统API函数Sleep()不听话，睡眠时快时慢（可能跟我计算机当前运行程序有关吧） 
6.  解决方案：重写Sleep()函数，实质为空循环。仅用于Debug下，Release会将其优化 
7.   
8.  2、动态画直线，朝某些方向画线时出现块状 
9.  解决方案：认认真真把直线方程推导一遍，斜率存在或不存在分别讨论，将数学思想转换为编程思想 
10. \*/  
11.   
12. **void** init(**void**)  
13. \{  
14.     glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);      //指定清除颜色（黑色），即背景颜色  
15.     glShadeModel(GL\_FLAT);              //设置着色模式，采用恒定着色  
16. \}  
17.   
18. **void** Sleep(**int** ms)          //覆盖系统API函数  
19. \{  
20.     **for**(**int** i=0;i<ms\*ms\*ms\*10;i++)       //数值大小根据实际情况调试  
21.     \{  
22.         ;  
23.     \}  
24. \}  
25.   
26. //特别注意：1、斜率不存在。2、直线斜率一定要保持一致，将直线两点式方程转化为斜率式方程y=kx+c  
27. //k=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);      
28. //c=(x2\*y1-x1\*y2)/(x2-x1);  
29. **void** DrawDynamicLine(GLfloat x1, GLfloat y1,        //起点坐标  
30.     GLfloat x2, GLfloat y2,                         //终点坐标  
31.     GLfloat red,GLfloat green,GLfloat blue,         //线段颜色  
32.     **int** speed,                                      //绘制速度，0-100，值越大速度越大  
33.     **int** type                                        //虚线类型，16位2进制表示，1为实点，0为虚点，0xFFFF为实线  
34.     )  
35. \{  
36.     glEnable(GL\_LINE\_STIPPLE);                      //点画线模式  
37.     glColor3f(red,green,blue);                      //设置线段绘制颜色  
38.     glLineStipple(1,type);                          //dashed（虚线）,type为16位2进制数，0表示实点，1表示虚点  
39.       
40.     **if** (x1!=x2)                                     //如果斜率存在  
41.     \{  
42.         GLfloat k=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);                  //直线斜率 y=kx+c  
43.         GLfloat c=(x2\*y1-x1\*y2)/(x2-x1);            //直线常数  
44.         //假定以A为原点建立二维坐标系，则下边4个if分别对应于：第一象限，第二象限，第三象限，第四象限  
45.         **if** (x1<x2&&y1<=y2)                            //从A(x1,y1)到B(x2,y2)画线，B点在A点的右上方  
46.         \{  
47.             **for** (**int** i=0;i<=x2-x1;i++)               //注意循环条件  
48.             \{  
49.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
50.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
51.                 glVertex2f(x1+i,k\*(x1+i)+c);  
52.                 glEnd();  
53.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
54.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
55.             \}  
56.         \}     
57.         **else** **if** (x1>x2&&y1<=y2)                       //从A(x1,y1)到B(x2,y2)画线，B点在A点的左下方  
58.         \{  
59.             **for** (**int** i=0;i>=x2-x1;i--)               //特别注意循环条件，既要避免死循环又要避免少循环  
60.             \{  
61.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
62.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
63.                 glVertex2f(x1+i,k\*(x1+i)+c);  
64.                 glEnd();  
65.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
66.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
67.             \}  
68.         \}     
69.         **else** **if** (x1>x2&&y1>=y2)                       //从A(x1,y1)到B(x2,y2)画线，B点在A点的左上方  
70.         \{  
71.             **for** (**int** i=0;i>=x2-x1;i--)               //特别注意循环条件，既要避免死循环又要避免少循环  
72.             \{  
73.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
74.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
75.                 glVertex2f(x1+i,k\*(x1+i)+c);  
76.                 glEnd();  
77.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
78.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
79.             \}  
80.         \}     
81.         **else** **if** (x1<x2&&y1>=y2)                       //从A(x1,y1)到B(x2,y2)画线，B点在A点的左上方  
82.         \{  
83.             **for** (**int** i=0;i<=x2-x1;i++)               //特别注意循环条件，既要避免死循环又要避免少循环  
84.             \{  
85.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
86.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
87.                 glVertex2f(x1+i,k\*(x1+i)+c);  
88.                 glEnd();  
89.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
90.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
91.             \}  
92.         \}     
93.     \}  
94.     **else**  
95.     \{  
96.         **if** (y1<y2)                                   //沿y轴正方向画线  
97.         \{  
98.             **for** (**int** i=0;i<=y2-y1;i++)               //特别注意循环条件，既要避免死循环又要避免少循环  
99.             \{  
100.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
101.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
102.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1+i);  
103.                 glEnd();  
104.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
105.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
106.             \}  
107.         \}  
108.         **else**                                        //沿y轴负方向画线  
109.         \{  
110.             **for** (**int** i=0;i>=y2-y1;i--)               //特别注意循环条件，既要避免死循环又要避免少循环  
111.             \{  
112.                 glBegin(GL\_LINES);    
113.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1);  
114.                 glVertex2f(x1,y1+i);  
115.                 glEnd();  
116.                 Sleep(100-speed);  
117.                 glFlush();                          //立刻开始处理保存在缓冲区中的OpenGL函数调用  
118.             \}  
119.         \}  
120.     \}  
121.       
122. \}  
123.   
124. **void** display(**void**)  
125. \{  
126.     glClear(GL\_COLOR\_BUFFER\_BIT);           //清除所有的像素  
127.     //正方形ABCD  
128.     DrawDynamicLine(100,500,500,500,1,1,0,60,0xFFFF);           //AB  
129.     DrawDynamicLine(500,500,500,100,1,0,1,70,0xFFFF);           //BC  
130.     DrawDynamicLine(500,100,100,100,1,1,1,80,0xFFFF);           //CD  
131.     DrawDynamicLine(100,100,100,500,0,1,1,90,0xFFFF);           //DA  
132.   
133.   
134.     //沿顺时针方向测试动态画线：第一象限，第四象限，第三象限，第二象限  
135.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,300,500,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);           //1  
136.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,400,500,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
137.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,500,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
138.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,400,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
139.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,300,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
140.   
141.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,300,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);           //2  
142.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,200,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
143.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,500,100,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
144.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,400,200,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
145.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,400,100,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
146.   
147.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,300,100,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);           //3  
148.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,200,100,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
149.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,100,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
150.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,200,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
151.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,300,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
152.   
153.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,300,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);           //4  
154.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,400,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
155.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,100,500,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
156.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,200,500,1,0,0,90,0x00FF);  
157.     DrawDynamicLine(300,300,300,500,1,0,0,90,0xFFFF);  
158.   
159. \}  
160.   
161. **void** reshape(**int** w,**int** h)  
162. \{  
163.     glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);           //为了选择一个更小的绘图区域，在窗口中定义一个像素矩形，将图像映射到这个矩形中  
164.     glMatrixMode(GL\_PROJECTION);                     //指定哪一个矩阵是当前矩阵（GL\_PROJECTION,对投影矩阵应用随后的矩阵操作）  
165.     glLoadIdentity();                                //将当前的用户坐标系的原点移到了屏幕中心：类似于一个复位操作    
166.     gluOrtho2D(0.0,(GLdouble)w,0.0,(GLdouble)h);     //将当前的可视空间设置为正投影空间,这个函数描述了一个平行修剪空间,意味着离观察者较远的对象看上去不会变小    
167. \}  
168.   
169. **int** main(**int** argc,**char**\*\* argv)                      //注意参数  
170. \{  
171.     glutInit(&argc,argv);                           //初始化GLUT并处理命令行参数  
172.     glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT\_SINGLE|GLUT\_RGB);      //指定模式：单缓存OR双缓存；RGBA模式OR颜色索引模式  
173.     glutInitWindowSize(600,600);                    //指定窗口大小（像素）  
174.     glutInitWindowPosition(300,50);                 //指定窗口左上角在屏幕上的位置  
175.     glutCreateWindow(argv\[0\]);                      //使用OpenGL场景创建一个窗口，参数为窗口名称  
176.     init();                                         //调用初始化函数  
177.     glutDisplayFunc(display);                       //注册用于显示图形的回调函数，每当GLUT认为需要重绘窗口时，都会执行该函数，故应将重绘场景所需调用的函数都放到显示回调函数中。  
178.     glutReshapeFunc(reshape);                       //重绘回调函数  
179.     glutMainLoop();                                 //进入主循环并处理事件，此时创建的所有窗口都会显示出来，被渲染到这些窗口中的内容也将显示出来，程序开始处理事件，注册的显示回调函数被触发  
180.     **return** 0;                                       //ANSI C要求函数main()返回一个int值  
181. \}

效果如下：

![20140613163206421][]

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/lynch0571/article/details/30496205#
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[CODE_CODE]: https://code.csdn.net/snippets/391202
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[20140613163206421]: /images/20220710/108be961f02a477bb14686d5d4a3e899.png