RMAN异机恢复快速参考

朱雀 2022-07-13 10:42 180阅读 0赞

应用场景：服务器A为正常运行的生产环境，需要在服务器B上部署一套相同环境做测试。  
  
  
  
一、 服务器A备份数据库  
  
  
1.1 在线备份(数据库运行在归档模式)  
1.2 备份脚本内容  
二、 服务器B恢复数据库  
  
  
2.1 服务器B安装数据库软件  
2.2 启动实例到nomount状态(指定pfile文件)  
2.3 RMAN恢复控制文件，确定备份集有效性  
2.4 RMAN恢复数据库  
2.5 恢复后操作  
一、 服务器A备份数据库  
  
  
1.1 在线备份(数据库运行在归档模式)

nohup /bin/bash backup\_all.sh &

备份完将所有备份介质传到服务器B(如果两台机器是内连网络，可以考虑结合NFS服务从一开始就备份到服务器B上)。

1.2 备份脚本内容

\#!/bin/bash  
\#ScriptName:backup\_all.sh  
\#Usage: backup all files in oracle user environment.  
\#ex: nohup /bin/bash backup\_all.sh > backup.log &   
\#Author: Alfred Zhao  
\#Creation: 2015-09-11  
\#Version: 1.0.0  
  
  
\#Define variable <You may need to change the value of basedir.>  
basedir=/u01/orabak  
date=\`date +%Y%m%d\`  
  
  
\#Create pfile  
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF  
create pfile='$basedir/pfile$date.ora' from spfile;  
EOF  
  
  
\#RMAN BACKUP  
rman target / log=$basedir/backup\_all\_$date.log <<EOF  
run\{  
allocate channel c1 device type disk;  
allocate channel c2 device type disk;  
backup database filesperset 4 format '$basedir/full\_%d\_%T\_%s\_%p';  
sql 'alter system archive log current';  
sql 'alter system archive log current';  
sql 'alter system archive log current';  
sql 'alter system archive log current';  
backup archivelog all format '$basedir/arch\_%d\_%T\_%s\_%p' delete input;  
backup current controlfile format '$basedir/ctl\_%d\_%T\_%s\_%p';  
release channel c1;  
release channel c2;  
\}  
EOF

2. 服务器B恢复数据库

2.1 服务器B安装数据库软件

创建密码文件:

orapwd file=$ORACLE\_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE\_SID password=oracle force=y entries=5  
2.2 启动实例到nomount状态(指定pfile文件)  
  
  
将$basedir/pfile$date.ora文件复制到$ORACLE\_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE\_SID.ora，根据实际服务器B的情况修改。然后启动实例到nomount状态(指定pfile文件)。  
  
  
startup nomount pfile='$ORACLE\_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE\_SID.ora'  
2.3 RMAN恢复控制文件，确定备份集有效性  
  
  
2.3.1 RMAN恢复控制文件，启动数据库到mount状态，确定备份集有效性  
  
  
backupControlFile=/u01/orabak/backup/ctl\_JINGYU\_20150911\_46\_1  
rman target / > crosscheck.log <<EOF  
restore controlfile from '$backupControlFile';  
alter database mount;  
crosscheck backupset;  
EOF  
2.3.2 如果备份集无效，删除无效备份集，手工注册备份集  
  
  
一般是两台主机的备份目录不一样，控制文件记录的备份集路径找不到对应的备份集，状态为'EXPIRED'，此时应该删除这些过期的备份集，catalog新的备份集，再次确认备份集有效性。  
  
  
rman target / > catalog.log <<EOF  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/full\_JINGYU\_20150911\_39\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/full\_JINGYU\_20150911\_40\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/full\_JINGYU\_20150911\_41\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/full\_JINGYU\_20150911\_42\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/arch\_JINGYU\_20150911\_43\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/arch\_JINGYU\_20150911\_44\_1';  
catalog backuppiece '/u01/orabak/backup/arch\_JINGYU\_20150911\_45\_1';  
crosscheck backupset;  
delete noprompt expired backupset;  
EOF  
2.4 RMAN恢复数据库  
  
  
2.4.1 restore数据文件  
  
  
如果数据文件存放目录已经更改，需要重命名还原。  
  
  
rman target / log=restore.log <<EOF  
run \{  
allocate channel c1 device type disk;  
allocate channel c2 device type disk;  
set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_system\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_sysaux\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_undotbs1\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_users\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_dbs\_d\_ji\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_dbs\_d\_lu\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 7 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_dbs\_d\_xx\_01.dbf';  
set newname for datafile 8 to '/u01/oradata02/o1\_mf\_dbs\_i\_xx\_01.dbf';  
restore database;     
switch datafile all;  
release channel c1;  
release channel c2;  
\}  
EOF  
2.4.2 recover数据文件  
  
  
2.4.2.1 recover database;  
  
  
rman target / log=recover.log <<EOF   
recover database;  
EOF  
2.4.2.2 recover database until scn xxxxxxx;  
  
  
scn=1463689  
rman target / log=recover$scn.log <<EOF  
recover database until scn $scn;  
EOF  
这个scn根据上一步的日志信息获取。  
  
  
2.4.3 修改日志文件路径  
  
  
new\_dest=/usr3/oradata/sysdata/redo\_file  
sqlplus / as sysdba > logfile.log<<EOF  
set linesize 180 pagesize 100  
select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''$new\_dest/redoXXX.log'';' from v\\$logfile;  
EOF  
注意：可以用UE列编辑模式快速处理下新的redo文件名字(即redoXXX.log改为对应的实际值)。  
  
  
2.4.4 修改临时文件路径  
  
  
new\_dest=/usr3/oradata/sysdata  
sqlplus / as sysdba > tempfile.log<<EOF  
set linesize 180 pagesize 100  
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''$new\_dest/tempXXX.dbf'';' from v\\$tempfile;  
EOF  
注意：同样处理下新的temp文件名字(即tempXXX.dbf改为对应的实际值)。  
  
  
2.4.5 打开数据库(resetlogs)  
  
  
sqlplus / as sysdba > dbopen.log<<EOF  
alter database open resetlogs;  
EOF  
启动过程中会自动创建redo文件，temp文件。  
  
  
2.5 恢复后操作  
  
  
2.5.1 查看数据库基本信息  
  
  
查看数据库实例和库的状态，数据文件、临时文件、日志文件、控制文件、参数文件路径信息。  
  
  
sqlplus / as sysdba > dbstatus.log <<EOF  
select instance\_name, status from v\\$instance;  
select dbid, open\_mode from v\\$database;  
select file\_name from dba\_data\_files;  
select file\_name from dba\_temp\_files;  
select member from v\\$logfile;  
show parameter control  
show parameter pfile  
EOF  
2.5.2 创建spfile文件，重启数据库  
  
  
创建spfile文件  
  
  
sqlplus / as sysdba > createSpfile.log <<EOF  
create spfile from pfile;  
EOF  
关闭数据库  
  
  
sqlplus / as sysdba > shutdownDB.log <<EOF  
shutdown immediate  
EOF  
启动数据库  
  
  
sqlplus / as sysdba > startDB.log <<EOF  
startup  
EOF  
2.5.3 监听的配置  
  
  
修改监听配置文件：$ORACLE\_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora  
  
  
LISTENER =  
  (DESCRIPTION\_LIST =  
    (DESCRIPTION =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB02)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))  
    )  
  )  
  
  
ADR\_BASE\_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle  
对应服务器主机名相关的3处修改：  
  
  
1. hostname显示正确主机名  
2. /etc/sysconfig/network中HOSTNAME配置  
3. /etc/hosts中IP地址和主机名的对应关系  
启动监听及查看监听状态：  
  
  
lsnrctl start  
lsnrctl status