python自动化运维学习-系统性能模块详解

傷城~ 2022-07-15 00:30 307阅读 0赞

1、pip安装（pip 是“A tool for installing and managing Python packages.”，也就是说pip是python的软件安装工具）  
yum -y install epel-release  
yum -y install python-pip  
yum -y install python-devel  
yum -y install gcc\*  
  
  
2、下载psutil(或使用 pip install psutil 安装)  
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.2.2.tar.gz  
tar zxvf psutil-3.2.2.tar.gz  
cd psutil-3.2.2/  
python setup.py install   
  
  
3、清除缓存  
yum clean all  
  
  
4、python进入python命令行  
\[root@python ~\]\# python  
Python 2.7.5 (default, Sep 15 2016, 22:37:39)   
\[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)\] on linux2  
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.  
导入psutil  
>>> import psutil  
  
  
5、cpu完整信息（命令top -bn 1 -i -c、vmstat等）  
psutil.cpu\_times()  
scputimes(user=471.21, nice=104.58, system=276.85, idle=28935.3, iowait=391.02, irq=0.0, softirq=16.35, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest\_nice=0.0  
>>> psutil.cpu\_times(percpu=True)  
\[scputimes(user=249.03, nice=61.25, system=156.09, idle=20729.97, iowait=195.16, irq=0.0, softirq=7.25, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest\_nice=0.0),  
 scputimes(user=231.55, nice=43.33, system=140.27, idle=20633.5, iowait=196.1, irq=0.0, softirq=9.24, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest\_nice=0.0)\]  
获取单个数据，如用户的cpu时间  
>>> psutil.cpu\_times().user  
471.25  
获取cpu物理和逻辑个数，默认logical值为True  
>>> psutil.cpu\_count()  
2  
>>> psutil.cpu\_count(logical=False)  
2  
  
  
6、内存信息  
>>> mem = psutil.virtual\_memory()  
获取内存完整信息  
>>> mem  
svmem(total=2082361344L, available=1130319872L, percent=45.7, used=1805217792L, free=277143552L, active=664281088, inactive=797175808, buffers=0L, cached=853176320)  
获取内存总数  
>>> mem.total  
2082361344L  
获取空闲存数  
>>> mem.free  
277143552L  
获取swap分区信息  
>>> psutil.swap\_memory()  
sswap(total=2147479552L, used=8335360L, free=2139144192L, percent=0.4, sin=3416064, sout=11354112)  
  
  
可以换算一下单位  
>>> print (mem.total/8/1024)  
127874  
>>> print (mem.total/1024/1024)  
  
  
其中percent表示实际已经使用的内存占比，即（2082361344-1130319872）/2082361344\*100% 。available表示还可以使用的内存。  
  
  
7、磁盘信息  
磁盘信息主要有两部分，一个是磁盘的利用率，一个是io，他们分别可以通过disk\_usage和disk\_io\_counters方法获取。  
如下先获取分区信息，然后看下根分区的使用情况。  
获取磁盘完整信息  
>>> psutil.disk\_partitions()  
\[sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/centos-root', mountpoint='/', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota'),  
 sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='xfs', opts='rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota')\]  
获取分区使用情况  
>>> psutil.disk\_usage('/')  
sdiskusage(total=18746441728, used=5844000768, free=12902440960, percent=31.2)  
获取总的IO个数、读写信息  
>>> psutil.disk\_io\_counters()  
sdiskio(read\_count=146151, write\_count=203807, read\_bytes=4112552448, write\_bytes=11684216320, read\_time=2269317, write\_time=39627462)  
perdisk=Ture获取单个分区IO个数、读写信息  
>>> psutil.disk\_io\_counters(perdisk=True)  
\{'fd0': sdiskio(read\_count=0, write\_count=0, read\_bytes=0, write\_bytes=0, read\_time=0, write\_time=0),  
 'sr0': sdiskio(read\_count=0, write\_count=0, read\_bytes=0, write\_bytes=0, read\_time=0, write\_time=0),   
 'sda2': sdiskio(read\_count=71699, write\_count=82805, read\_bytes=2054048768, write\_bytes=5806939648,   
 read\_time=1124424, write\_time=11573392), 'sda1': sdiskio(read\_count=1952, write\_count=2255, read\_bytes=5081600,   
 write\_bytes=70337024, read\_time=10686, write\_time=27267), 'dm-0': sdiskio(read\_count=71452, write\_count=115975,   
 read\_bytes=2048183296, write\_bytes=5795585536, read\_time=1129014, write\_time=25763350),  
 'dm-1': sdiskio(read\_count=1048, write\_count=2772, read\_bytes=5238784, write\_bytes=11354112, read\_time=5193, write\_time=2263453)\}  
   
8、网络信息  
获得网络总的IO信息，默认pernic=False  
>>> psutil.net\_io\_counters()  
snetio(bytes\_sent=17640593, bytes\_recv=837836495, packets\_sent=227041, packets\_recv=594110, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)  
pernic=True输出每个网络接口的IO信息  
>>> psutil.net\_io\_counters(pernic=True)  
\{'eno16777736': snetio(bytes\_sent=17641429, bytes\_recv=837839462, packets\_sent=227046, packets\_recv=594142, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),  
 'virbr0': snetio(bytes\_sent=0, bytes\_recv=0, packets\_sent=0, packets\_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),  
 'virbr0-nic': snetio(bytes\_sent=0, bytes\_recv=0, packets\_sent=0, packets\_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),  
 'lo': snetio(bytes\_sent=0, bytes\_recv=0, packets\_sent=0, packets\_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)\}  
   
9、其他系统信息  
查看当前登录用户  
>>> psutil.users()  
\[suser(name='wolf', terminal=':0', host='localhost', started=1477147392.0),  
 suser(name='wolf', terminal='pts/0', host='localhost', started=1477147520.0),   
 suser(name='wolf', terminal='pts/4', host='192.168.3.26', started=1477190016.0),   
 suser(name='wolf', terminal='pts/6', host='192.168.3.26', started=1477190144.0)\]  
>>> import psutil, datetime  
查看时间（linux格式时间戳）  
>>> psutil.boot\_time()  
1477177417.0  
linux时间戳转换成自然时间格式  
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot\_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")  
'2016-10-23 07:03:37'  
  
  
10、系统进程管理  
列出所有进程PID  
>>> psutil.pids()  
\[\[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, ....\]  
实例化一个process对象，参数为一进程PID  
>>> p=psutil.Process(1)  
进程名            
>>> p.name()                                   
'systemd'  
>>> p=psutil.Process(76242)  
>>> p.name()  
'pickup'  
进程bin路径  
>>> p.exe()  
'/usr/libexec/postfix/pickup'  
进程工种目录绝对路径  
>>> p.cwd()  
'/var/spool/postfix'  
进程状态  
>>> p.status()  
'sleeping'  
进程创建时间  
>>> p.create\_time()  
1477208086.18  
进程uid  
>>> p.uids()  
puids(real=89, effective=89, saved=89)  
进程gid  
>>> p.gids()  
pgids(real=89, effective=89, saved=89)  
进程cpu时间信息，包括user、system两个cpu时间  
>>> p.cpu\_times()  
pcputimes(user=0.02, system=0.02)  
get进程CPU亲和度，如果设置进程CPU亲和度，将CPU号作为时间参数即可  
>>> p.cpu\_affinity()  
\[0, 1\]  
进程内存利用率  
>>> p.memory\_percent()  
0.19276577581340273  
进程内存css，vms信息  
>>> p.memory\_info()  
pmem(rss=4014080, vms=95567872)  
进程IO信息，包括读写IO数及字节数  
>>> p.io\_counters()  
pio(read\_count=149, write\_count=160, read\_bytes=0, write\_bytes=0)  
返回打开进程socker的namedutples列表，包含fs、family、laddr等信息  
>>> p.connections()  
\[\]  
进程开启的线程数  
>>> p.num\_threads()  
1  
  
  
popen类作用：获取用户启动的应用程序进程信息，以便跟踪程序进程的运行状态。  
>>> from subprocess import PIPE  
通过psutil的Popen方法启动的应用程序，可以跟踪该程序的所有相关信息  
>>> p = psutil.Popen(\["/usr/bin/python","-c","print('hello')"\],stdout=PIPE)  
>>> p.name()  
'python'  
>>> p.username()  
'root'  
>>> p.communicate()  
('hello\\n', None)  
>>> psutil.cpu\_times()  
scputimes(user=499.47, nice=104.58, system=335.63, idle=69964.99, iowait=391.57, irq=0.0, softirq=16.75, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest\_nice=0.0)