Apache Hive2.1.0安装笔记

小咪咪 2022-07-15 12:22 305阅读 0赞

Hive2.x已经足够稳定了，前面也安装过hive0.x和Hive1.x的版本，今天我们来看下hive2.x如何安装使用。

环境：

centos7.1

Hadoop2.7.3

JDK8

Hive2.1.0

1，首先需要下载hive最新的稳定版本的包，并保证的你Hadoop集群已经是能够正常运行的

[http://ftp.kddilabs.jp/infosystems/apache/hive/][http_ftp.kddilabs.jp_infosystems_apache_hive]

2，解压到指定目录

首先进入conf目录把所有带template后缀的文件，给移除后缀，只有hive-default.xml移除后缀后，需要修改名为hive-site.xml。

3，配置hive的log

vi conf/hive-log4j2.properties 
    
    配置下面的2个参数：
    property.hive.log.dir = /home/search/hive/logs 
    property.hive.log.file = hive.log

4，配置使用MySQL作为元数据存储

关于安装mysql以及分配权限的请参考散仙之前的文章：[http://qindongliang.iteye.com/blog/2337865][http_qindongliang.iteye.com_blog_2337865]

vi hive-site.xml
    
    配置下面的几项参数
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL= jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.40:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName=root
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword=pwd
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    hive.metastore.warehouse.dir=hdfs://192.168.10.38:8020//user/hive/warehouse
    
    其他的凡是包含 ${system:java.io.tmpdir}变量的统一替代成绝对路径，目录可以在
    hive的根目录下建一个tmp目录，统一放进去

最后切记添加mysql的jdbc驱动包到hive/lib的目录下面

说明下上面的jdbc的url里面驱动字符串设置为数据库编码为utf-8此外&符号需要转义

jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.40:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&characterEncoding=utf-8

此外默认hive读取Hbase的lib如果没有安装hbase则会启动不起来: 需要下载hbase然后配置对应的HBASE\_HOME，文末会给出所有的环境变量

5，在hive2.x之后，需要先初始化schema如下：

$HIVE_HOME/bin/schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql

注意不执行这个，直接执行hive会报错：

Caused by: MetaException(message:Hive metastore database is not initialized. Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed, don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql))
            at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3364)
            at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3336)
            at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getAllFunctions(Hive.java:3590)

执行成功打印结果如下：

[search@es1 ~]$ $HIVE_HOME/bin/schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql
    SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
    SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/search/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
    SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/search/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
    SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
    SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
    Metastore connection URL:        jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.40:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    Metastore Connection Driver :    com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    Metastore connection User:       root
    Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.1.0
    Initialization script hive-schema-2.1.0.mysql.sql
    Initialization script completed
    schemaTool completed

6，测试集群是否正常

在本地磁盘上新建一个文件a，写入内容如下

1,a
    2,b
    3,c
    4,a
    5,a
    2,a
    4,2
    1,a
    1,a

编写的create\_sql如下：

-- 存在就删除
      drop table if exists info ; 
    -- 建表
    CREATE TABLE info(id string, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' STORED AS TEXTFILE;
     -- 加载数据
    load data local inpath '/home/search/test_hive/a' into table info;

最后执行脚本，不报错就代表通过了：

hive -f create_sql

Hive2.x之后不推荐使用MR的方式运行任务了，推荐使用Tez或者Spark引擎运行job，但是mr还是支持的

执行下面的语句进行测试

hive -e "select count(*) from info"

运行成功，就代表Hive+Hadoop集成成功。

关于Hive On Tez 集成我下篇文章会介绍。

7，一些环境变量如下：

#JDK
    export JAVA_HOME=/home/search/jdk1.8.0_102/
    export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    
    #Maven
    export MAVEN_HOME=/home/search/apache-maven-3.3.9
    export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$MAVEN_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
    
    #Ant
    export ANT_HOME=/home/search/ant
    export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ANT_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin
    
    #Hadoop
    export HADOOP_HOME=/home/search/hadoop
    export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
    export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
    export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
    export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
    export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_HOME
    export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop
    export YARN_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop
    export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
    export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$HADOOP_COMMON_HOME:$HADOOP_COMMON_HOME/lib:$HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME:$HADOOP_HDFS_HOME:$HADOOP_HDFS_HOME
    
    #Hbase
    export HBASE_HOME=/home/search/hbase
    export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HBASE_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$HBASE_HOME/bin:$PATH
    
    #Pig
    export PIG_HOME=/home/search/pig
    export PIG_CLASSPATH=$PIG_HOME/lib:$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop
    export PATH=/ROOT/server/bigdata/pig/bin:$PATH
    
    #Zookeeper
    export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/home/search/zookeeper
    export CLASSPATH=.:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
    
    #Hive
    export HIVE_HOME=/home/search/hive
    export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/conf
    export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin:$HIVE_HOME/conf
    
    #JStorm
    export JSTORM_HOME=/home/search/jstorm-2.1.1
    export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JSTORM_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$JSTORM_HOME/bin:$PATH
    
    #Scala
    export SCALA_HOME=/home/search/scala
    export CLASSPATH=.:$SCALA_HOME/lib
    export PATH=$PATH:$SCALA_HOME/bin
    
    #Spark
    export SPARK_HOME=/ROOT/server/spark
    export PATH=$PATH:$SPARK_HOME/bin

[http_ftp.kddilabs.jp_infosystems_apache_hive]: http://ftp.kddilabs.jp/infosystems/apache/hive/
[http_qindongliang.iteye.com_blog_2337865]: http://qindongliang.iteye.com/blog/2337865