Apache ab 测试使用指南

痛定思痛。 2022-07-19 05:21 163阅读 0赞

引言： ab测试是业界比较流行和简单易用的一种压力测试工具包，本文将简要介绍其核心使用的方法。

1.  ab

ab是Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool的缩写，可以用以测试HTTP请求的服务器性能。其是通过命令行的不同参数从而提供简单易用的性能测试工具命令组合。

2.   环境信息

CentOS 7,  ab的版本是2.3， 目前最新的版本是2.4

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3.  使用指南

3.1  查看帮助文件内容

[root@test~]# ab -h
    Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
    Options are:
        -n requests     Number of requests to perform
        -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
        -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                        This implies -n 50000
        -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                        Default is 30 seconds
        -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
        -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
        -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
        -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
        -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                        'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                        Default is 'text/plain'
        -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
        -w              Print out results in HTML tables
        -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
        -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
        -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
        -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
        -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
        -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                        Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
        -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                        are a colon separated username and password.
        -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                        are a colon separated username and password.
        -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
        -V              Print version number and exit
        -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
        -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
        -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
        -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
        -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
        -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
        -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
        -h              Display usage information (this message)
        -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
        -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                        (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)

3.2  初步测试

参数说明： -n 请求数量， -c 并发数量

ab  option  url-address

Case  1:      ab -n1000 -c10 http://www.baidu.com/index.html

结果信息如下：

[root@flybird ~]# ab -n1000 -c10 http://www.baidu.com/index.html
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.baidu.com (be patient)
    Completed 100 requests
    Completed 200 requests
    Completed 300 requests
    Completed 400 requests
    Completed 500 requests
    Completed 600 requests
    Completed 700 requests
    Completed 800 requests
    Completed 900 requests
    apr_socket_recv: Connection reset by peer (104)

分析百度不允许直接这么测试，直接将请求重置。

Case 2:

command:  ab -n1000 -c10 http://www.csdn.net/index.html

测试结果：

[root@test~]# ab -n1000 -c10 http://www.csdn.net/index.html
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.csdn.net (be patient)
    Completed 100 requests
    Completed 200 requests
    Completed 300 requests
    Completed 400 requests
    Completed 500 requests
    Completed 600 requests
    Completed 700 requests
    Completed 800 requests
    Completed 900 requests
    Completed 1000 requests
    Finished 1000 requests
    
    //服务器信息： openresty
    Server Software:        openresty
    Server Hostname:        www.csdn.net
    Server Port:            80
    
    Document Path:          /index.html
    Document Length:        100686 bytes
    
    Concurrency Level:      10
    Time taken for tests:   24.567 seconds
    Complete requests:      1000
    Failed requests:        0
    Write errors:           0
    Total transferred:      100982000 bytes
    HTML transferred:       100686000 bytes
    //服务器的吞吐量，每秒请求处理量
    Requests per second:    40.71 [#/sec] (mean)
    //用户平均等待时间
    Time per request:       245.665 [ms] (mean)
    //服务器端单个请求的处理时间
    Time per request:       24.567 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          4014.21 [Kbytes/sec] received
    
    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:       38   71 175.3     44    3065
    Processing:   114  173  30.4    170     446
    Waiting:       38   46   9.6     44     302
    Total:        152  244 180.7    213    3294
    
    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%    213
      66%    238
      75%    247
      80%    249
      90%    256
      95%    288
      98%   1201
      99%   1248
     100%   3294 (longest request)

测试结果： 请求吞吐量为：40.71/s,  单个请求处理时间为：24.567

Case 2:   ab -n1000 -c10  http://www.sina.com.cn/index.html

[root@test~]# ab -n1000 -c10 http://www.sina.com.cn/index.html
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.sina.com.cn (be patient)
    Completed 100 requests
    Completed 200 requests
    Completed 300 requests
    Completed 400 requests
    Completed 500 requests
    Completed 600 requests
    Completed 700 requests
    Completed 800 requests
    Completed 900 requests
    Completed 1000 requests
    Finished 1000 requests
    
    //后台服务器是nginx
    Server Software:        nginx
    Server Hostname:        www.sina.com.cn
    Server Port:            80
    
    Document Path:          /index.html
    Document Length:        27201 bytes
    
    Concurrency Level:      10
    Time taken for tests:   8.470 seconds
    Complete requests:      1000
    Failed requests:        0
    Write errors:           0
    Total transferred:      27538766 bytes
    HTML transferred:       27201000 bytes
    Requests per second:    118.06 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       84.704 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       8.470 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          3174.97 [Kbytes/sec] received
    
    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:       15   27  70.7     21    1026
    Processing:    32   57  24.3     53     321
    Waiting:       15   24  16.4     22     253
    Total:         47   84  74.9     74    1094
    
    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%     74
      66%     84
      75%     90
      80%     92
      90%    103
      95%    120
      98%    124
      99%    289
     100%   1094 (longest request)

分析结果： 请求吞吐量为：118.06/s,  服务器处理单个请求的时间为8.470 ms。 相比csdn.net而言，舒淇效率将近3倍。csdn为40个请求/s, 单个请求为24ms。

那提个问题为什么sina比csdn的性能高3倍呢？ 我们来简要分析一下，首先是传输的数据量，csdn是sina的3倍；以下皆以mean时间为准。

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>站点</td> 
   <td>connect</td> 
   <td>processing</td> 
   <td>waiting</td> 
   <td>total</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>csdn</td> 
   <td>71</td> 
   <td>173</td> 
   <td>46</td> 
   <td>244</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sina.com.cn</td> 
   <td>27ms</td> 
   <td>57</td> 
   <td>24</td> 
   <td>84</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

整体而言，可以发现sina.com.cn在各个节点上都是由于csdn的性能的。

3.3  加大并发数的压测（单台机器）

case 1: ab -c100 -n1000 http://www.csdn.net/index.html   \[100并发数\]

HTML transferred:       100580778 bytes
    Requests per second:    52.39 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       1908.606 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       19.086 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          5161.49 [Kbytes/sec] received

相比之前的数据，并发设为100之后，吞吐量从40上升到52， 单个请求响应时间从24ms降低为19ms

case 2:  ab -c200 -n1000 http://www.csdn.net/index.html

HTML transferred:       100358484 bytes
    Requests per second:    48.32 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       4139.429 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       20.697 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          4749.23 [Kbytes/sec] received

相比之前的数据，并发数为200， 吞吐量下降了，响应时间变长。

case 3: ab -c500 -n1000 http://www.csdn.net/index.html   \[100并发数\]

HTML transferred:       83827148 bytes
    Requests per second:    49.05 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       10193.544 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       20.387 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          4029.59 [Kbytes/sec] received

结果分析： 整体数据无太大变化，只是对于单个用户而言，等待时间变得比较久，需要10s.

6. 参考资料

*   http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/programs/ab.html

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