Spring MVC程序中怎么得到静态资源文件css,js,图片文件的路径问题

我会带着你远行 2022-07-24 04:09 213阅读 0赞

**问题描述**  
在用springmvc开发应用程序的时候。对于像我一样的初学者，而且还是自学的人，有一个很头疼的问题。那就是数据都已经查出来了，但是页面的样式仍然十分简陋，加载不了css.js，图片等资源文件，如果你输入某个css的文件在浏览器中得到的直接是404错误(例如[http://localhost:8080/iMax\_view/css/classify.css][http_localhost_8080_iMax_view_css_classify.css])，表示路径肯定没有错，这是因为你在web.xml中配置的springservlet

<servlet>  
        <servlet-name>springmvc_rest</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
          
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </servlet>  
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>springmvc_rest</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping></span>

这里的这个配置/表示servlet已经拦截了所有的请求，包括css，js等的请求所以请求不到css,js等静态资源

解决方法 1

使用spring mvc resource去读取静态文件  
在你的mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml（springmvc.xml个人的命名不一样）文件里加入如下代码

<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
         <mvc:resources location="/img/" mapping="/img/**"/>`
         <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>`

这样配置以后就可以访问你的css文件了，这时候你输入(例如[http://localhost:8080/iMax\_view/css/classify.css][http_localhost_8080_iMax_view_css_classify.css])就可以看到你的css代码了  
但是这样配置对于新手来说可能会遇到spring加载Resources遇到ConversionFailedException异常这个问题（注意是debug）虽然这个问题不影响程序的使用但是总是不好看的（目前我还没有解决）  
后来在网上查才知道是由于配置了

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
            
            <property name="converters">
                <list>
                    
                    <bean class="cn.itcast.ssm.controller.converter.CustomDateConverter"/>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>

这就是导致哪个问题出现的原因，转换失败。出现以下问题但是不影响程序使用（目前我知道的）

org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException: Failed to convert from type java.util.ArrayList<?> to type java.util.List<org.springframework.core.io.Resource> for value '[/css/]'; nested exception is org.springframework.core.convert.ConverterNotFoundException: No converter found capable of converting from type java.lang.String to type org.springframework.core.io.Resource
        at org.springframework.core.convert.support.ConversionUtils.invokeConverter(ConversionUtils.java:41)
        at org.springframework.core.convert.support.GenericConversionService.convert(GenericConversionService.java:169)
        at org.springframework.beans.TypeConverterDelegate.convertIfNecessary(TypeConverterDelegate.java:161)
        at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertIfNecessary(BeanWrapperImpl.java:450)
        at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertForProperty(BeanWrapperImpl.java:496)
        at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertForProperty(BeanWrapperImpl.java:490)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.convertForProperty(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1437)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1396)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1132)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:607)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
        at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1231)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:817)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:135)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106)
        at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:142)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:610)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
        at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:518)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1091)
        at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:668)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11AprProtocol.java:283)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2463)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2452)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)

解决方法 2 采用defaultservlet  
在web.xml里面配置

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/static/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

这样做了之后，所有前缀为css 的请求都交给default servlet 去处理。这样访问css文件就可以访问了

解决方法 3 通过文件扩展名进行处理  
在web.xml中配置

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

解决方法 4 对springservlet 不用restful风格，在url上加上前缀

在web.xml中修改配置

<servlet-mapping> 
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 
        <url-pattern>/app</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping>

这样做的目的就是让拦截器值拦截以/app开头的url，不去拦截其它的一些资源

解决方法 5 对springservlet不用restful风格 ，在url上加上后缀

在web.xml中修改配置

<servlet-mapping> 
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
    </servlet-mapping>

这样做的目的是让拦截器只拦截\*.do 的url,不拦截css,js等资源

上面的五种方法各有所长，适用于不同的场景。具体用哪种看自己所需要的场景

参考：[http://www.blogjava.net/fiele/archive/2014/08/24/417283.html][http_www.blogjava.net_fiele_archive_2014_08_24_417283.html]  
[http://axiu.me/coding/spring-resources-conversionfailedexception/][http_axiu.me_coding_spring-resources-conversionfailedexception]

[http_localhost_8080_iMax_view_css_classify.css]: http://localhost:8080/iMax_view/css/classify.css
[http_www.blogjava.net_fiele_archive_2014_08_24_417283.html]: http://www.blogjava.net/fiele/archive/2014/08/24/417283.html
[http_axiu.me_coding_spring-resources-conversionfailedexception]: http://axiu.me/coding/spring-resources-conversionfailedexception/