mysql创建用户、授权、导入sql脚本

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-08-02 06:17 155阅读 0赞

**一, 创建用户: **  
  
命令:CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';   
  
说明:username - 你将创建的用户名, host - 指定该用户在哪个主机上可以登陆,如果是本地用户可用localhost, 如果想让该用户可以从任意远程主机登陆,可以使用通配符%. password - 该用户的登陆密码,密码可以为空,如果为空则该用户可以不需要密码登陆服务器.  
  
例子: CREATE USER 'dog'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';   
CREATE USER 'pig'@'192.168.1.101\_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456';   
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';   
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '';   
CREATE USER 'pig'@'%';   
  
**二,授权: **  
  
命令:GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host'   
  
说明: privileges - 用户的操作权限,如SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE 等(详细列表见该文最后面).如果要授予所的权限则使用ALL.;databasename - 数据库名,tablename-表名,如果要授予该用户对所有数据库和表的相应操作权限则可用\*表示, 如\*.\*.  
  
例子: GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%';   
GRANT ALL ON \*.\* TO 'pig'@'%';   
  
注意:用以上命令授权的用户不能给其它用户授权,如果想让该用户可以授权,用以下命令:   
GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host' WITH GRANT OPTION;  
  
**三.设置与更改用户密码 **  
  
命令:SET PASSWORD FOR 'username'@'host' = PASSWORD('newpassword');如果是当前登陆用户用SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD("newpassword");  
  
例子: SET PASSWORD FOR 'pig'@'%' = PASSWORD("123456");   
  
**四.撤销用户权限 **  
  
命令: REVOKE privilege ON databasename.tablename FROM 'username'@'host';   
  
说明: privilege, databasename, tablename - 同授权部分.   
  
例子: REVOKE SELECT ON \*.\* FROM 'pig'@'%';   
  
注意: 假如你在给用户'pig'@'%'授权的时候是这样的(或类似的):GRANT SELECT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%', 则在使用REVOKE SELECT ON \*.\* FROM 'pig'@'%';命令并不能撤销该用户对test数据库中user表的SELECT 操作.相反,如果授权使用的是GRANT SELECT ON \*.\* TO 'pig'@'%';则REVOKE SELECT ON test.user FROM 'pig'@'%';命令也不能撤销该用户对test数据库中user表的Select 权限.   
  
具体信息可以用命令SHOW GRANTS FOR 'pig'@'%'; 查看.   
  
**五.删除用户 **  
  
命令: DROP USER 'username'@'host';   
  
附表:在MySQL中的操作权限

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">ALTER</td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow"></a>ALTER TABLE.<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>ALTER ROUTINE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Alters or drops stored routines.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">CREATE</td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow"></a>CREATE TABLE.<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>CREATE ROUTINE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Creates stored routines.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>CREATE USER<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;CREATE USER,<a rel="nofollow"></a>DROP USER,RENAME USER, andREVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES.<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>CREATE VIEW<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;CREATE VIEW.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>DELETE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;DELETE.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">DROP</td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;DROP TABLE.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>EXECUTE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows the user to run stored routines.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>FILE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow"></a>SELECT..<a rel="nofollow"></a>.INTO OUTFILE&nbsp;and&nbsp;LOAD DATA INFILE.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>INDEX<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;CREATE INDEX&nbsp;andDROP INDEX.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>INSERT<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;INSERT.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>LOCK TABLES<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;LOCK TABLES&nbsp;on tables for which the user also hasSELECT&nbsp;privileges.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>PROCESS<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>RELOAD<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;FLUSH.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">REPLICATION</td> 
 <td align="left">Allows the user to ask where slave or master</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">CLIENT</td> 
 <td align="left">servers are.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a><a rel="nofollow"></a>REPLICATION SLAVE<a rel="nofollow"></a><a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Needed for replication slaves.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left">SELECT</td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;SELECT.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>SHOW DATABASES<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;SHOW DATABASES.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>SHOW VIEW<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;SHOW CREATE VIEW.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>SHUTDOWN<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;mysqladmin shutdown.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>SUPER<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;CHANGE MASTER,KILL,PURGE MASTER LOGS, andSET GLOBAL&nbsp;SQL statements. Allowsmysqladmin debug&nbsp;command. Allows one extra connection to be made if maximum connections are reached.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>UPDATE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows use of&nbsp;UPDATE.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="left"><a rel="nofollow"></a>USAGE<a rel="nofollow"></a></td> 
 <td align="left">Allows connection without any specific privileges.</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**六.导入导出**

导入sql脚本：

一、

mysql -u 用户名 -p 数据库名

如： mysql -u app -p test 回车需要输入密码

mysql> source sql脚本所在的路径

如：mysql> source d:/mysql\_tablse.sql

二、

mysql -u用户名 -p密码 <脚本路径

成功会有空行输出

导出sql脚本：

导出使用mysqldump命令，如果不识别该命令，需要把mysqldump链接到/usr/local/bin下，或者去mysql安装目录下执行