ubuntu14.04上安装vncserver

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-08-07 07:52 309阅读 0赞

vnc4server包：[http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/x11/vnc4server][http_packages.ubuntu.com_trusty_x11_vnc4server]

从这个网页中可以看到vnc4server包只支持i386和amd64硬件架构，如果ubuntu是安装在power架构的机器上，请使用x11vnc

# vnc4server #

1 登录服务器或ssh到服务器, 在ubuntu上安装vncserver: **sudo apt-get install vnc4server xinetd**

<pre name="code" class="plain">localadmin@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install vnc4server xinetd
    [sudo] password for localadmin:
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree
    Reading state information... Done
    The following extra packages will be installed:
      xbase-clients
    Suggested packages:
      vnc-java
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
      vnc4server xbase-clients
    0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    Need to get 1,579 kB of archives.
    After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used.
    Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
    Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe xbase-clients all 1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1 [2,756 B]
    Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe vnc4server amd64 4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1 [1,577 kB]
    Fetched 1,579 kB in 14s (111 kB/s)
    Selecting previously unselected package xbase-clients.
    (Reading database ... 151666 files and directories currently installed.)
    Preparing to unpack .../xbase-clients_1%3a7.7+1ubuntu8.1_all.deb ...
    Unpacking xbase-clients (1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1) ...
    Selecting previously unselected package vnc4server.
    Preparing to unpack .../vnc4server_4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1_amd64.deb ...
    Unpacking vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1) ...
    Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
    Setting up xbase-clients (1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1) ...
    Setting up vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1) ...
    update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver) in auto mode
    update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/Xvnc4 to provide /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc) in auto mode
    update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/x0vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/x0vncserver (x0vncserver) in auto mode
    update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4passwd to provide /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd) in auto mode
    update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4config to provide /usr/bin/vncconfig (vncconfig) in auto mode

2 开启vnc服务: vncserver

localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver
    
    You will require a password to access your desktops.
    
    Password:
    Verify:
    xauth:  file /home/localadmin/.Xauthority does not exist
    
    New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop is ubuntu:1
    
    Creating default startup script /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup
    Starting applications specified in /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup
    Log file is /home/localadmin/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log

New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop isubuntu:1 表示vnc启动成功，并在主目录下生成.nvc目录。

注意：":1"代表display号，客户登录的时候得写相同的display号才能登录，:1表示5901端口。

3 在客户端下载“vnc viewer”软件，在服务器栏输入"ip:1"进行链接，输入用户名密码信息后，可以看到vnc连接页面，这是vncserver默认使用的窗口管理器是twm

4 修改vnc的默认设置，使启动时运行gnome桌面

修改vnc启动文件：vi ~/.vnc/xstartup

localadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls .vnc/
    passwd  ubuntu:1.log  ubuntu:1.pid  xstartup
    localadmin@ubuntu:~$ cat .vnc/xstartup
    #!/bin/sh
    
    # Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
    # unset SESSION_MANAGER
    # exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
    
    [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
    [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
    xsetroot -solid grey
    vncconfig -iconic &
    x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
    x-window-manager &
    localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vi .vnc/xstartup
    localadmin@ubuntu:~$ cat .vnc/xstartup
    #!/bin/sh
    
    # Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
    # unset SESSION_MANAGER
    # exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
    
    #unset SESSION_MANAGER
    #unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
    #startxfce4 &
    
    
    [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
    [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
    xsetroot -solid grey
    vncconfig -iconic &
    x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
    #x-window-manager &
    #startkde &
    
    gnome-session &
    #gnome-panel &
    #gnome-settings-daemon &
    #metacity &
    #nautilus -n &
    #gnome-terminal &
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings panel-main-menu "['<Alt>F1']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings maximize "['<Alt>KP_5']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings unmaximize "['<Alt>F5']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings show-desktop "['<Primary><Alt>d']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications "['<Alt>Tab']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-group "['<Alt>Above_Tab']"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source "[]"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source-backward "[]"
    #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys terminal "['<Ctrl><Alt>t']"

#export DESKTOP_SESSION=ubuntu
    #export GDMSESSION=ubuntu
    #export STARTUP="/usr/bin/gnome-session --session=ubuntu"
    #$STARTUP &

startkde & 启动KDE桌面

gnome-session & 启动gnome桌面

如果启动Unity桌面，首先去 /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/下看桌面session的名称，如果是ubuntu-classic，则将最后一行改为：

export DESKTOP_SESSION=gnome-classic
    export DGMSESSION=gnome-classic
    export STARTUP="/usr/bin/gnome-session --session=ubuntu-classic"
    $STARTUP

startxfce4 &:

1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12

zhai@zhai-VirtualBox:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
    [sudo] password for zhai: 
     As always, install packages from PPA's at your own risk.
    
    Xfce 4.12 packages for currently supported versions of Xubuntu. Please note that these are pre-release versions, which may contain annoying bugs and/or crash.
    
    NOTE: For 12.04, you MUST enable the PPA for Xfce 4.10 packages (https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/xfce-4.10) as well.
    
    If you need and/or want stable versions, wait for the final release date of Xfce 4.12. More information at http://wiki.xfce.org/releng/4.12/roadmap.
     More info: https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12
    Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it
    
    gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpnrfxkory/secring.gpg' created
    gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpnrfxkory/pubring.gpg' created
    gpg: requesting key 142986CE from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
    gpg: /tmp/tmpnrfxkory/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
    gpg: key 142986CE: public key "Launchpad PPA for Xubuntu Developers" imported
    gpg: Total number processed: 1
    gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
    OK

2 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3 sudo apt-get install xfce4

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
    $ sudo apt-get update
    $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

5 杀掉原桌面进程：vncserver -kill :1，再次生成新的会话： vncserver :1

localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver -kill :1
    Killing Xvnc4 process ID 2396
    localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver :1
    
    New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop is ubuntu:1
    
    Starting applications specified in /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup
    Log file is /home/localadmin/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log

此时登录还是twm默认桌面

6 安装gnome桌面环境

自带桌面unity对VNC支持较差，需要在服务器上安装的gnome 3桌面

(1)安装xwindows的基础：sudo apt-get install x-window-system-core  
(2)安装登录管理器：sudo apt-get install gdm （或kdm/xdm）  
(3)安装ubuntu桌面：sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop（或Kubunut-desktop/ Xubuntu-desktop ）

apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment

apt-get install metacity  
另外：apt-get install gnome-core可以安装GNOME基础。

7 杀掉原桌面进程：vncserver -kill :1，再次生成新的会话： vncserver :1

# x11vnc #

VNC有很多选择，VNC4server，tigervncserver等等，都不推荐，难装又难用。经过多次实验和测试，最后只采用 x11vnc  作为VNC服务器端。

具体配置步骤如下：

\# 步骤 1 - 安装 X11VNC    
sudo apt install x11vnc -y  
  
  
\# 步骤 2 - 配置访问密码  
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass

root@ubuntu:~# x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass
    Enter VNC password: 
    Verify password:    
    Write password to /etc/x11vnc.pass?  [y]/n y
    Password written to: /etc/x11vnc.pass

\# 步骤 3 - 创建服务  
vi  /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service

\#粘贴如下代码，最后 :wq 保存，请使用root用户，否则没有权限。  
\[Unit\]  
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.  
After=multi-user.target  
\[Service\]  
Type=simple  
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared  
\[Install\]  
WantedBy=multi-user.target  
  
参数：  
\-\-localhost 在本地地址监听

\-autoport PORT 从PORT开始选择可用端口监听

\-rfbport PORT 指定监听端口  
  
\# 步骤 4 - 配置防火墙，配置和启动服务  
sudo ufw allow 5900  
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service  
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl start x11vnc.service

用vnc-viewer连接即可。

# [VNC实现Windows远程访问Ubuntu 16.04（无需安装第三方桌面）][VNC_Windows_Ubuntu 16.04] #

https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7642650.html

本文主要是讲解如果理由VNC实现Windows远程访问Ubuntu 16.04，其实网上有很多类似教程，但是很多需要安装第三方桌面（xfce桌面等等），而且很多人不太喜欢安装第三方桌面，很多人像笔者一样喜欢原生自带的桌面（O(∩\_∩)O哈哈~有点强迫症）。今天笔者给大家介绍一下，不需要安装其他桌面，使用Ubuntu 16.04原生自带桌面如何进行远程访问。

# 一、设置Ubuntu 16.04 允许进行远程控制 #

首先，我们先设置Ubuntu的远程控制，将其设置为允许被远程连接，进入系统-》首选项-》桌面共享，或者直接搜索桌面共享，如图所示

![506829-20171011164631684-1366734089.png][]

将【允许其他人查看您的桌面】这一项勾上，然后在安全那项，勾选【要求远程用户输入此密码】，并设置远程密码。并且我们取消勾选【必须为对本机器的每次访问进行确定】（这样做，是为了被远程的时候不需要再确认，否则每次远程都要人为确认才能被远程，会很繁琐）如图所示：

![506829-20171011220233980-553462263.png][]

# 二、安装vncserver #

其次，打开终端，我们需要安装vncserver的基础服务，输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients

如图所示：

![506829-20171011220254465-1407251331.png][]

# 三、安装dconf-editor(取消权限限制) #

再次，我们需要取消掉请求加密的功能，否则缺少这一步是无法远程上的，这个时候我们需要安装dconf-editor工具进行配置，输入以下命令：

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

如图所示：

![506829-20171011220330199-1855036667.png][]

安装完成之后，我们需要打开dconf-editor工具，在桌面搜索dconf-editor打开，如图所示：

![506829-20171011220344637-1503609352.png][]

打开之后，依次展开org->gnome->desktop->remote-access，然后取消 “requlre-encryption”的勾选即可。如图所示：

![506829-20171011220355762-1134949156.png][]

至此，前期准备工作已经完成，后面直接通过VNC工具或者Windows自带的mstsc(远程桌面控制)进行访问就行。

# 四、远程连接Ubuntu 16.04 #

获取当前的IP地址，命令ifconfig即可得到，笔者的当前的Ubuntu的IP地址为：192.168.8.203，然后通过IP地址就可以远程访问了。

### 　　方法一、通过VNC Viewer客户端进行访问 ###

大家可以到VNC官网([https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/][https_www.realvnc.com_en_connect_download_viewer])下载最新的版本，根据自己实际情况，选择相对应的版本，如图所示：

![506829-20171011220522871-833869384.png][]

输入我们需要远程控制的PC主机的IP，如图所示：

![506829-20171011220540402-1270925189.png][]

成功连接上了，如图所示：

![506829-20171011220559980-1440029449.png][]

--------------------

### 　　方法二、通过Windows自带远程桌面控制(mstsc)进行访问（个人推荐） ###

个人比较推荐使用该方法，直接使用Windows自带的远程桌面控制工具进行远程访问，这样就可以不用VNC Viewer。直接打开自带远程桌面控制，输入目标PC的IP地址，如图所示：

![506829-20171011220614590-82398292.png][]

通过自带远程桌面控制工具，选择模式【vnc-any】，然后输入IP地址和密码进行登录（其中端口号默认为5900，保持不变就行）如图所示：

![506829-20171011220713934-1202844407.png][]

成功连接了，如图所示：

参考：

[http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge\_detail.htm?knowledgeId=5974461][http_help.aliyun.com_knowledge_detail.htm_knowledgeId_5974461]

[http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12084847-id-3508474.html][http_blog.chinaunix.net_uid-12084847-id-3508474.html]

[http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20528014-id-4714397.html][http_blog.chinaunix.net_uid-20528014-id-4714397.html]

[http://www.educity.cn/help/520296.html][http_www.educity.cn_help_520296.html]

[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-14-04][https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-14-04]

[http://www.tuicool.com/articles/qm2MJnN][http_www.tuicool.com_articles_qm2MJnN]

[http://www.tuicool.com/articles/fiy2Aj][http_www.tuicool.com_articles_fiy2Aj]

[http://www.namhuy.net/3106/install-vnc-server-ubuntu-14-04.html][http_www.namhuy.net_3106_install-vnc-server-ubuntu-14-04.html]

[http_packages.ubuntu.com_trusty_x11_vnc4server]: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/x11/vnc4server
[VNC_Windows_Ubuntu 16.04]: http://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7642650.html
[506829-20171011164631684-1366734089.png]: /images/20220805/f92e0e19887b4688a01b3898e9510bf9.png
[506829-20171011220233980-553462263.png]: /images/20220805/0bb82feb5c764827a683b4838baef690.png
[506829-20171011220254465-1407251331.png]: /images/20220805/a0c01e0ecdad42918a2a29f627b85a3e.png
[506829-20171011220330199-1855036667.png]: /images/20220805/ad2edaf8bc594a11ac56009c9325ff9a.png
[506829-20171011220344637-1503609352.png]: /images/20220805/ec2e1b6af6814dfda6c4987a7223e768.png
[506829-20171011220355762-1134949156.png]: /images/20220805/0e310e98cf3f4ae9975387923b4d88c8.png
[https_www.realvnc.com_en_connect_download_viewer]: https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/
[506829-20171011220522871-833869384.png]: /images/20220805/b415f270be364d8f96d153183eb891b5.png
[506829-20171011220540402-1270925189.png]: /images/20220805/645054f3c5fe4dadacbdbb952a41c48f.png
[506829-20171011220559980-1440029449.png]: /images/20220805/3835703978774ef7a4223ca94231d0da.png
[506829-20171011220614590-82398292.png]: /images/20220805/d050419d993a45ac8acb59a6db31d287.png
[506829-20171011220713934-1202844407.png]: /images/20220805/9ce69c3395434a139a887fe9f3a312c1.png
[http_help.aliyun.com_knowledge_detail.htm_knowledgeId_5974461]: http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail.htm?knowledgeId=5974461
[http_blog.chinaunix.net_uid-12084847-id-3508474.html]: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12084847-id-3508474.html
[http_blog.chinaunix.net_uid-20528014-id-4714397.html]: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20528014-id-4714397.html
[http_www.educity.cn_help_520296.html]: http://www.educity.cn/help/520296.html
[https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-14-04]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-14-04
[http_www.tuicool.com_articles_qm2MJnN]: http://www.tuicool.com/articles/qm2MJnN
[http_www.tuicool.com_articles_fiy2Aj]: http://www.tuicool.com/articles/fiy2Aj
[http_www.namhuy.net_3106_install-vnc-server-ubuntu-14-04.html]: http://www.namhuy.net/3106/install-vnc-server-ubuntu-14-04.html