Github 注册与基本使用

清疚 2022-08-08 13:50 177阅读 0赞

> 安装并配置Git客户端

[Git下载地址][Git],选择Git for Windows，安装完成后，所有程序 -> Git -> Git Bash，打开命令提示窗口

[TortoiseGit下载地址][TortoiseGit]，配置请看TortoiseGit密钥的配置

TortoiseGit使用扩展名为ppk的密钥，而不是ssh-keygen生成的rsa密钥。也就是说使用ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "yourname@yourcompany.com"产生的密钥在TortoiseGit中不能用。而基于github的开发必须要用到rsa密钥，因此需要用到TortoiseGit的putty key generator工具来生成既适用于github的rsa密钥也适用于TortoiseGit的ppk密钥，配置步骤如下：
    
    1、运行TortoiseGit开始菜单中的Puttygen程序
    
    2、点击“Generate”按钮，鼠标在上图的空白地方来回移动直到进度条完毕，就会自动生一个随机的key
    
    3、为密钥设置对应的访问密码，在“Key passphrase”和“Confirm passphrase”的后面的输入框中输入密码
    
    4、将多行文本框中以“ssh-rsa”开头的内容全选、复制，并粘贴到github的 Account Settings -> SSH Keys -> Add SSH key -> Key字段中，这就是适用于github的公钥
    
    5、点击“Save private key”按钮,将生成的key保存为适用于TortoiseGit的私钥（扩展名为.ppk）
    
    6、运行TortoiseGit开始菜单中的Pageant程序，程序启动后将自动停靠在任务栏中，双击该图标，弹出key管理列表
    
    7、点击“Add Key”按钮，将第5步保存的ppk私钥添加进来，关闭对话框即可
    经上述配置后，你就可以使用TortoiseGit进行push、pull操作了

> 输入以下命令配置个人信息

git config –global user.name “yourname”

git config –global user.email “yourname@yourcompany.com”

> 在本地生成公钥和私钥并把公钥信息加入GitHub以便把代码提交到GitHub

执行5个步骤：

### Step 1: Check for SSH keys ###

First, we need to check for existing SSH keys on your computer. Open Git Bash and enter:

ls -al ~/.ssh
     Lists the files in your .ssh directory, if they exist
    Check the directory listing to see if you already have a public SSH key. By default, the filenames of the public keys are one of the following:
    
    id_dsa.pub
    id_ecdsa.pub
    id_ed25519.pub
    id_rsa.pub

### Step 2: Generate a new SSH key ###

With Git Bash still open, copy and paste the text below. Make sure you substitute in your GitHub email address.

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
     Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label
     Generating public/private rsa key pair.

We strongly suggest keeping the default settings as they are, so when you’re prompted to “Enter a file in which to save the key”, just press Enter to continue.

> Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id\_rsa): \[Press enter\]  
> You’ll be asked to enter a passphrase.
> 
> Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): \[Type a passphrase\]  
> Enter same passphrase again: \[Type passphrase again\]

Tip: We strongly recommend a very good, secure passphrase. For more information, see “Working with SSH key passphrases”.  
After you enter a passphrase, you’ll be given the fingerprint, or id, of your SSH key. It will look something like this:

> Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id\_rsa.  
> Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub.  
> The key fingerprint is:  
> 01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your\_email@example.com  
> Step 3: Add your key to the ssh-agent

To configure the ssh-agent program to use the SSH key you’ve generated:

> If you have GitHub for Windows installed, you can use it to clone repositories and not deal with SSH keys. It also comes with the Git Bash tool, which is the preferred way of running git commands on Windows.

Ensure ssh-agent is enabled:

If you are using Git Bash, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

> ssh-agent -s  
> Agent pid 59566  
> If you are using another terminal prompt, such as msysgit, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

> eval $(ssh-agent -s)  
> Agent pid 59566  
> Add your generated SSH key to the ssh-agent:
> 
> ssh-add ~/.ssh/id\_rsa

### Step 4: Add your SSH key to your account ###

To configure your GitHub account to use your SSH key:

Copy the SSH key to your clipboard. If your key is named id\_dsa.pub, id\_ecdsa.pub or id\_ed25519.pub, then change the filename below from id\_rsa.pub to the one that matches your key:

> clip < ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub

Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard
    Warning: It's important to copy the key exactly without adding newlines or whitespace.
    Add the copied key to GitHub:
    
    In the top right corner of any page, click .
    
    In the user settings sidebar, click SSH keys.
    
    Click Add SSH key.
    
    In the Title field, add a descriptive label for the new key. For example, if you're using a personal Mac, you might call this key "Personal MacBook Air".
    Paste your key into the "Key" field.
    Click Add key.
    Confirm the action by entering your GitHub password.

### Step 5: Test the connection ###

To make sure everything is working, you'll now try to SSH into . When you do this, you will be asked to authenticate this action using your password, which is the SSH key passphrase you created earlier. Open Git Bash and enter: ssh -T git@github.com # Attempts to ssh to GitHub You may see this warning: # The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.97.227.239)' can't be established.
    # RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
    # Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
    Verify the fingerprint in the message you see matches the following message, then type yes:
    
    # Hi username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not
    # provide shell access.
    If the username in the message is yours, you've successfully set up your SSH key! If you receive a message about "access denied," you can read these instructions for diagnosing the issue. If you're switching from HTTPS to SSH, you'll now need to update your remote repository URLs. For more information, see Changing a remote's URL.
    
     Contact a human
    Article versions
    GitHub.com
    GitHub Enterprise 2.2
    GitHub Enterprise 2.1
    GitHub Enterprise 2.0
    GitHub Enterprise 11.10.340

> 如果在复制公钥的时候出现“clip: command not found”，则找到在生成公钥时指定的路径（如win7下用户为xxx则默认为：C:\\Users\\xxx.ssh）下的id\_rsa.pub文件，用文本编辑工具写字板打开复制即可

[Git]: http://msysgit.github.io/
[TortoiseGit]: http://code.google.com/p/tortoisegit/wiki/Download?tm=2