MySQL Study之--MySQL innodb引擎备份工具XtraBackup之一（Install）

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2022-08-09 13:57 44阅读 0赞

**MySQL Study之--MySQL innodb引擎备份工具XtraBackup之一（Install）**

Xtrabackup是一个对InnoDB做数据备份的工具，支持在线热备份（备份时不影响数据读写），是商业备份工具InnoDB Hotbackup的一个很好的替代品。  
　　Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具：xtrabackup、innobackupex  
　　（1）xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表，而不能备份MyISAM数据表  
　　（2）innobackupex-1.5.1则封装了xtrabackup，是一个脚本封装，所以能同时备份处理innodb和myisam，但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁  
  
**安装XtraBackup，首先要安装MySQL**

**1、查看MySQL版本**  
 \[root@rh64 ~\]\# service mysql start  
Starting MySQL (Percona Server)...\[  OK  \]  
\[root@rh64 ~\]\# mysql -u root -p  
Enter password:   
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.  
Your MySQL connection id is 1  
Server version: 5.6.25-73.1 Percona Server (GPL), Release 73.1, Revision 07b797f  
Copyright (c) 2009-2015 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  
owners.  
Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.  
mysql>   
  
**2、安装配置**

在/etc/my.cnf文件要配置数据所存储的目录  
\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep datadir  
datadir=/var/lib/mysql  
  
**3、下载安装**

![Center][]  
  
**安装：**  
\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# ls -l  
total 26808  
\-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5664452 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
\-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 20807976 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
\-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   971264 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-test-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
**\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm**  
warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY  
error: Failed dependencies:  
        libev.so.4()(64bit) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64  
  
**----安装出错，要求需有libev.so库支持  
  
下载libev安装包：  
\[root@rh64 libev-4.15\]\# tar zxvf libev-4.15.tar.gz   
  
安装libev：  
\[root@rh64 libev-4.15\]\# ./configure**  
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c  
checking whether build environment is sane... yes  
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p  
checking for gawk... gawk  
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes  
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no  
checking for gcc... gcc  
checking whether the C compiler works... yes  
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out  
checking for suffix of executables...   
checking whether we are cross compiling... no  
checking for suffix of object files... o  
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes  
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes  
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed  
checking for style of include used by make... GNU  
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3  
checking build system type... x86\_64-unknown-linux-gnu  
checking host system type... x86\_64-unknown-linux-gnu  
checking how to print strings... printf  
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed  
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep  
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E  
checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F  
checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld  
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes  
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B  
checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm  
checking whether ln -s works... yes  
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1966080  
checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes  
checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes  
checking how to convert x86\_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86\_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func\_convert\_file\_noop  
checking how to convert x86\_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func\_convert\_file\_noop  
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r  
checking for objdump... objdump  
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass\_all  
checking for dlltool... no  
checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\\n  
checking for ar... ar  
checking for archiver @FILE support... @  
......  
  
**\[root@rh64 libev-4.15\]\# make**  
make  all-am  
make\[1\]: Entering directory \`/home/mysql/libev-4.15'  
/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC   --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I.     -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c -o ev.lo ev.c  
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I. -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c ev.c  -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/ev.o  
ev.c:1531: warning: 'ev\_default\_loop\_ptr' initialized and declared 'extern'  
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I. -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c ev.c -o ev.o >/dev/null 2>&1  
mv -f .deps/ev.Tpo .deps/ev.Plo  
/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC   --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I.     -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c -o event.lo event.c  
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I. -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c event.c  -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/event.o  
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE\_CONFIG\_H -I. -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c event.c -o event.o >/dev/null 2>&1  
mv -f .deps/event.Tpo .deps/event.Plo  
/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC   --mode=link gcc  -g -O3 -version-info 4:0:0  -o libev.la -rpath /usr/local/lib ev.lo event.lo  -lm   
libtool: link: gcc -shared  -fPIC -DPIC  .libs/ev.o .libs/event.o   -lm  -O3   -Wl,-soname -Wl,libev.so.4 -o .libs/libev.so.4.0.0  
libtool: link: (cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.so.4" && ln -s "libev.so.4.0.0" "libev.so.4")  
libtool: link: (cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.so" && ln -s "libev.so.4.0.0" "libev.so")  
libtool: link: ar cru .libs/libev.a  ev.o event.o  
libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libev.a  
libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.la" && ln -s "../libev.la" "libev.la" )  
make\[1\]: Leaving directory \`/home/mysql/libev-4.15'

**\[root@rh64 libev-4.15\]\# make install**  
make\[1\]: Entering directory \`/home/mysql/libev-4.15'  
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib'  
 /bin/sh ./libtool   --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c   libev.la '/usr/local/lib'  
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.so.4.0.0 /usr/local/lib/libev.so.4.0.0  
libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib && \{ ln -s -f libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so.4 || \{ rm -f libev.so.4 && ln -s libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so.4; \}; \})  
libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib && \{ ln -s -f libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so || \{ rm -f libev.so && ln -s libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so; \}; \})  
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.lai /usr/local/lib/libev.la  
libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.a /usr/local/lib/libev.a  
libtool: install: chmod 644 /usr/local/lib/libev.a  
libtool: install: ranlib /usr/local/lib/libev.a  
libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/local/lib  
\----------------------------------------------------------------------  
Libraries have been installed in:  
   /usr/local/lib  
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries  
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and  
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the \`-LLIBDIR'  
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:  
   - add LIBDIR to the \`LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH' environment variable  
     during execution  
   - add LIBDIR to the \`LD\_RUN\_PATH' environment variable  
     during linking  
   - use the \`-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag  
   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to \`/etc/ld.so.conf'  
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for  
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.  
\----------------------------------------------------------------------  
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/include'  
 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ev.h ev++.h event.h '/usr/local/include'  
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/man/man3'  
 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ev.3 '/usr/local/share/man/man3'  
make\[1\]: Leaving directory \`/home/mysql/libev-4.15'  
  
**查看libev安装信息：**  
\[root@rh64 libev-4.15\]\# find / -name 'libev.so\*'  
/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so.4.0.0  
/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so  
/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so.4  
/usr/local/lib/libev.so.4.0.0  
/usr/local/lib/libev.so.4  
/usr/local/lib/libev.so  
  
**配置lib访问环境：**  
\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# cat /etc/profile  
export LIBDIR=/usr/local/lib  
export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/local/lib  
export LD\_RUN\_PATH=/usr/local/lib  
"/etc/profile" 82L, 1898C written  
  
再次安装：

\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY  
error: Failed dependencies:  
        libev.so.4()(64bit) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64

**---仍然失败！！！可能是libev的版本不对，应该下载libev（64）  
  
  
下载libev（64）并安装：**

**http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=libev.so.4()(64bit)**

**\[root@rh64 mysql\]\# rpm -ivh libev-4.04-2.el6.x86\_64.rpm **  
warning: libev-4.04-2.el6.x86\_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 66534c2b: NOKEY  
Preparing...                \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
   1:libev                  \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

**\[root@rh64 mysql\]\# rpm -qa |grep libev**  
libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86\_64  
libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.i686  
libev-4.04-2.el6.x86\_64  
\[root@rh64 mysql\]\# rpm -ql libev  
/usr/lib64/libev.so.4  
/usr/lib64/libev.so.4.0.0  
/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04  
/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/Changes  
/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/LICENSE  
/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/README  
  
**安装xtrabackup：**

\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# ls  
percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm            percona-xtrabackup-test-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm

**\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# rpm -ivh \***  
warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY  
Preparing...                \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
   1:percona-xtrabackup     \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[ 33%\]  
   2:percona-xtrabackup-test\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[ 67%\]  
   3:percona-xtrabackup-debu\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

**  ----安装成功！！！  
     
\[root@rh64 XtraBackup\]\# man innobackupex**  
INNOBACKUPEX(1)               Percona XtraBackup               INNOBACKUPEX(1)  
NAME  
       innobackupex - innobackupex Documentation  
  
       The  innobackupex  tool is a Perl script that acts as a wrapper for the xtrabackup C program. It  
       is a patched version of the innobackup Perl script that Oracle distributes with the  InnoDB  Hot  
       Backup tool. It enables more functionality by integrating xtrabackup and other functions such as  
       file copying and streaming, and adds some convenience. It lets you perform point-in-time backups  
       of  InnoDB  /  XtraDB tables together with the schema definitions, MyISAM tables, and other por-  
       tions of the server.  
       This manual section explains how to use innobackupex in detail.  
PREREQUISITES  
   Connection and Privileges Needed  
       Percona XtraBackup needs to be able to connect to the database server and perform operations  on  
       the  server  and  the  datadir when creating a backup, when preparing in some scenarios and when  
       restoring it. In order to do so, there are privileges and permission requirements on its  execu-  
       tion that must be fulfilled.  
       Privileges  refers  to  the  operations  that  a  system user is permitted to do in the database  
       server. They are set at the database server and only apply to users in the database server.  
       Permissions are those which permits a user to perform operations on the  system,  like  reading,  
       writing  or  executing  on a certain directory or start/stop a system service. They are set at a  
       system level and only apply to system users.  
       Whether xtrabackup or innobackupex is used, there are two actors involved: the user invoking the  
       program  -  a  system  user - and the user performing action in the database server - a database  
       user. Note that these are different users in different places, even tough they may have the same  
       username.  
       All the invocations of innobackupex and xtrabackup in this documentation assumes that the system  
       user has the appropriate permissions and you are providing the relevant options  for  connecting  
       the database server - besides the options for the action to be performed - and the database user  
       has adequate privileges.  
   Connecting to the server  
       The database user used to connect to the server and its password are specified by the --user and  
       --password option,  
           $ innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=SECRET /path/to/backup/dir/  
           $ innobackupex --user=LUKE  --password=US3TH3F0RC3 --stream=tar ./ | bzip2 -  
           $ xtrabackup --user=DVADER --password=14MY0URF4TH3R --backup --target-dir=/data/bkps/  
  
  
\----至此，XtraBackup安装完成！！！

[Center]: /images/20220731/409f411904744198960d2983c6ad7770.png