iOS开发 - AFNetworking网络请求

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-08-09 17:48 151阅读 0赞

## AFNetworking ##

什么是AFN  
全称是AFNetworking，是对NSURLConnection、NSURLSession的一层封装  
虽然运行效率没有ASI高，但是使用比ASI简单  
在iOS开发中，使用比较广泛

AFN的github地址  
[https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking][https_github.com_AFNetworking_AFNetworking]

## AFHTTPRequestOperationManager ##

是AFN中最重要的对象之一  
封装了HTTP请求的常见处理  
GET\\POST请求  
解析服务器的响应数据

创建

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];

## GET\\POST请求 ##

//GET请求
    - (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
                         parameters:(id)parameters
                            success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                            failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure
    
    //POST请求
    - (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                          parameters:(id)parameters
                             success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                             failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure

## 文件上传 ##

- (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                          parameters:(id)parameters
           constructingBodyWithBlock:(void (^)(id <AFMultipartFormData> formData))block
                             success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                             failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure

## 监控联网状态 ##

AFNetworkReachabilityManager *manager = [AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager];
    [manager startMonitoring];
    
    [manager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
        NSLog(@"%d", status);
    }];

提示：要监控网络连接状态，必须要先调用单例的startMonitoring方法

1.AFHTTPRequestOperationManager  
\* 对NSURLConnection的封装

2.AFHTTPSessionManager  
\* 对NSURLSession的封装

## 对服务器返回数据的解析 ##

1.AFN可以自动对服务器返回的数据进行解析
    * 默认将服务器返回的数据当做JSON来解析
    
    2.设置对服务器返回数据的解析方式
    1> 当做是JSON来解析（默认做法）
    * mgr.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
    * responseObject的类型是NSDictionary或者NSArray
    
    2> 当做是XML来解析
    * mgr.responseSerializer = [AFXMLParserResponseSerializer serializer];
    * responseObject的类型是NSXMLParser
    
    3> 直接返回data
    * 意思是：告诉AFN不要去解析服务器返回的数据，保持原来的data即可
    * mgr.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
    
    3.注意
    * 服务器返回的数据一定要跟responseSerializer对得上
    1> 服务器返回的是JSON数据
    * AFJSONResponseSerializer
    * AFHTTPResponseSerializer
    
    2> 服务器返回的是XML数据
    * AFXMLParserResponseSerializer
    * AFHTTPResponseSerializer
    
    3> 服务器返回的是其他数据
    * AFHTTPResponseSerializer

## AFNetworking网络请求实例 ##

#import "AFNetworking.h"
    
    @implementation ViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    }
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
        [self postJSON];
    }
    
    - (void)getSession
    {
        // AFHTTPSessionManager 对 NSURLSession 的封装
        AFHTTPSessionManager *mgr = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
        [mgr GET:@"" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
    
        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
    
        }];
    }
    
    /**
     *  利用AFN发送一个POST请求，服务器返回的JSON数据
     */
    - (void)postJSON
    {
        // AFHTTPRequestOperationManager 对 NSURLConnection的封装
    
        // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    
        // 2.请求参数
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
        params[@"pwd"] = @"123";
    
        // 3.发送一个GET请求
        NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
        [mgr POST:url parameters:params
         success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
             // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求成功---%@", responseObject);
         } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
             // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求失败");
         }];
    }
    
    /**
     *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的JSON数据，让AFN直接返回data
     */
    - (void)getData
    {
        // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
        // 声明：不要对服务器返回的数据进行解析，直接返回data即可
        // 如果是文件下载，肯定是用这个
        // responseObject的类型是NSData
        mgr.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
    
        // 2.请求参数
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
        params[@"pwd"] = @"123";
    
        // 3.发送一个GET请求
        NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
        [mgr GET:url parameters:params
         success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
             // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
             NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:responseObject options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
    
             NSLog(@"%@", dict);
         } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
             // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求失败");
         }];
    }
    
    /**
     *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的XML数据
     */
    - (void)getXML
    {
        // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
        // 声明：等会服务器返回的是XML数据
        // responseObject的类型是NSXMLParser
        mgr.responseSerializer = [AFXMLParserResponseSerializer serializer];
    
        // 2.请求参数
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
        params[@"pwd"] = @"123";
        params[@"type"] = @"XML";
    
        // 3.发送一个GET请求
        NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
        [mgr GET:url parameters:params
         success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
             // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求成功--%@", responseObject);
    //         responseObject.delegate = self;
    //         [responseObject parse];
         } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
             // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求失败");
         }];
    }
    
    /**
     *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的JSON数据
     */
    - (void)getJSON
    {
        // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
        // 声明一下：服务器返回的是JSON数据
        //    mgr.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
        // responseObject的类型是NSDictionary或者NSArray
    
        // 2.请求参数
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
        params[@"pwd"] = @"123";
    
        // 3.发送一个GET请求
        NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/Server/login";
        [mgr GET:url parameters:params
         success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
             // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求成功---%@", responseObject);
         } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
             // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
             NSLog(@"请求失败");
         }];
    }
    
    @end

## AFNetworking文件上传实例 ##

#import "AFNetworking.h"
    
    @interface ViewController () <UINavigationControllerDelegate, UIImagePickerControllerDelegate,UIActionSheetDelegate>
    @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView;
    - (IBAction)upload;
    @end
    
    @implementation ViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    }
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
        UIActionSheet *sheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"请选择图片" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"拍照", @"相册", nil];
        [sheet showInView:self.view.window];
    }
    
    #pragma mark - UIActionSheet
    - (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
    {
        UIImagePickerController *ipc = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
        // 设置代理
        ipc.delegate = self;
    
        switch (buttonIndex) {
            case 0: { // 拍照
                if (![UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera]) return;
                ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
                break;
            }
            case 1: { // 相册
                if (![UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary]) return;
                ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary;
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
    
        // 显示控制器
        [self presentViewController:ipc animated:YES completion:nil];
    }
    
    #pragma mark - UIImagePickerControllerDelegate
    /**
     *  在选择完图片后调用
     *
     *  @param info   里面包含了图片信息
     */
    - (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info
    {
        // 销毁控制器
        [picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
    
        // 获得图片
        UIImage *image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];
    
        // 显示图片
        self.imageView.image = image;
    }
    
    - (void)upload1
    {
        // 1.创建一个管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    
        // 2.封装参数(这个字典只能放非文件参数)
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"123";
        params[@"age"] = @20;
        params[@"pwd"] = @"456";
        params[@"height"] = @1.55;
    
        // 2.发送一个请求
        NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/upload";
        [mgr POST:url parameters:params constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
            // 在发送请求之前会自动调用这个block
            // 需要在这个block中添加文件参数到formData中
    
            /**
             FileURL : 需要上传的文件的URL路径
             name : 服务器那边接收文件用的参数名
             fileName : （告诉服务器）所上传文件的文件名
             mimeType : 所上传文件的文件类型
             */
            NSURL *url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"itcast" withExtension:@"txt"];
            [formData appendPartWithFileURL:url name:@"file" fileName:@"test.txt" mimeType:@"text/plain" error:nil];
    
            /**
             FileData : 需要上传的文件的具体数据
             name : 服务器那边接收文件用的参数名
             fileName : （告诉服务器）所上传文件的文件名
             mimeType : 所上传文件的文件类型
             */
            //        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"minion_01"];
            //        NSData *fileData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
            //        [formData appendPartWithFileData:fileData name:@"file" fileName:@"haha.png" mimeType:@"image/png"];
        } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
            NSLog(@"上传成功");
        } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
            NSLog(@"上传失败");
        }];
    }
    
    - (IBAction)upload {
        if (self.imageView.image == nil) return;
    
        // 1.创建一个管理者
        AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    
        // 2.封装参数(这个字典只能放非文件参数)
        NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        params[@"username"] = @"123";
        params[@"age"] = @20;
        params[@"pwd"] = @"456";
        params[@"height"] = @1.55;
    
        // 2.发送一个请求
        NSString *url = @"http://192.168.15.172:8080/Server/upload";
        [mgr POST:url parameters:params constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
            NSData *fileData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(self.imageView.image, 1.0);
            [formData appendPartWithFileData:fileData name:@"file" fileName:@"haha.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];
    
            // 不是用这个方法来设置文件参数
    //        [formData appendPartWithFormData:fileData name:@"file"];
        } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
            NSLog(@"上传成功");
        } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
            NSLog(@"上传失败");
        }];
    
        // 文件下载，文件比较大，断点续传技术：普遍所有的HTTP服务器都支持
        // 文件上传，文件比较大，断点续传技术：一般的HTTP服务器都不支持，常用的技术用的是Socket（TCP\IP、UDP）
    }
    @end

[https_github.com_AFNetworking_AFNetworking]: https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking