使用Xcode 6将你的项目本地化

迈不过友情╰ 2022-08-13 18:56 107阅读 0赞

原文链接：[http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20141004/9827.html][http_www.cocoachina.com_ios_20141004_9827.html]

iOS和OSX支持40种语言的本地化，Xcode无疑为这一过程提供了强有力的支持。苹果将这一多语言适配过程细分为Internationalization（国际化）和Localization（本地化）两个阶段。

**国际化—准备你的APP**

**![34.png][]**

在将你的APP适配各种语言本地化之前，你得先让你的APP富有国际范儿，也就是说国际化是一条通往本地化的必经之路。在国际化阶段，你需要让你的APP与语言和区域独立。

苹果的框架已经帮我们把不同语言的数据分离开，这更有助于我们管理这些资源，包括图片、声音、视频、文档、用户界面文字（甚至代码中编写的用户界面文字），它们会被建立在同一个bundle中。

**NSLocalizedString**

我们来使用NSLocalizedString来让用户界面的文字国际化，不过这些文字不是在IB上输入的，而是在代码中产生并赋值的：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:1184px; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="width:1152px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">func&nbsp;NSLocalizedString(key:&nbsp;String,&nbsp;tableName:&nbsp;String?&nbsp;=&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; background:none!important">default</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;bundle:&nbsp;NSBundle&nbsp;=&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; background:none!important">default</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;value:&nbsp;String&nbsp;=&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; background:none!important">default</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:gray!important; background:none!important">#comment:&nbsp;String)&nbsp;-&gt;&nbsp;String</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

上面这个Swift语言声明的函数可以直接返回一个经过本地化处理过的字符串，这就使得你在代码中给一些控件文本赋值时更有“国际化视野”：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:718px; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="width:686px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">self.text&nbsp;=&nbsp;NSLocalizedString(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:blue!important; background:none!important">"SHARE"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;comment:&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:blue!important; background:none!important">"share&nbsp;score"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">)</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

因为不用的语言会有不同的专业名词，所以最后的comment参数很重要，它可以暗示翻译人员这段文字要表达的含义。而第一个参数key的内容为基础语种的内容，将它作为“键”来映射其他语言对应翻译后的“值”。如果我们需要在字符串中插入其他内容，这时需要改进下：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:1638px; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="width:1606px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">let&nbsp;text&nbsp;=&nbsp;String.localizedStringWithFormat(NSLocalizedString(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:blue!important; background:none!important">"I&nbsp;got&nbsp;%d&nbsp;points&nbsp;in&nbsp;Spiral.&nbsp;Come&nbsp;on&nbsp;with&nbsp;me!&nbsp;<a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/square-spiral/id920811081" style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; text-decoration:none; font-size:1em!important; line-height:1.1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:blue!important; background:none!important" rel="nofollow">https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/square-spiral/id920811081</a>"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">,&nbsp;comment:&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:blue!important; background:none!important">"share&nbsp;content"</code> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">),&nbsp;Data.score)</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

localizedStringWithFormat:方法保证了插入字符串中的内容也被转化成本地格式，比如时间格式、数字的格式等。而此时在Swift字符串中插入其他数据就不能使用\\()了，只能用百分号占位的形式。

对应的在Localizable.strings中可以这样写：

\*\*\*\*\*\*

这样就将英文与中文键值对应起来了，注意那个“1$”表示是在键内容（即英文原文）中第一个插入的数据，因为不用语言表达同一个意思时，插入字符串中的数据顺序可能会有变化，这个”数字+$“的标记记录了它们原本的顺序。

**NSFormatter**

NSFormatter算是老朋友了，它把数据转化成人们易读的字符串，而且还会根据不同语言和区域进行格式上的优化。它默认使用当地的语言习惯，我们不需要配置任何参数。比如显示时间日期，数字，金融，字节计数等格式上的本地化。现在iOS8和OSX Yosemite加入了健康相关的功能，NSFormatter也加入了很多新的量词，比如能量、长度高度、重量等方面。

**NSBundle**

你的APP构建于很多文件夹中，而不是一个单独的文件。这些文件夹被叫做bundle。它们不仅仅包含了你的APP，还有你APP的扩展(extensions)，你的构架(frameworks)等。而NSBundle提供了获取这些bundle中资源的标准API。当你使用这些API的时候，它们会自动使用符合当前地区语言的最恰当的资源。建立bundle是Xcode的活儿，所以我们不需要手动去管理这些资源文件放在bundle的具体位置，而是告诉Xcode哪些资源可以被本地化，设置好资源文件对应的语言，然后就交给Xcode去管理这些资源文件在bundle中的位置吧。

所以我们在加载一些资源文件的时候依然向以前那样从bundle获取url就行啦，Xcode已经帮我们替换成了本地化的资源，前提是你已经在Xcode中设置好了当前语言版本的对应资源。

**Xcode**

在Xcode5中支持了使用base国际化并用自动布局优化国际化后的界面，现在其他资源文件也可以这么干了，甚至可以在Xcode中预览界面布局效果。

点选一个xib或storyboard文件后，在File Inspector中的Localization中可以设置支持的语言。Xcode会自动从界面元素中提取出文字到strings文件中，翻译人员可以根据注释来在对应语言的strings文件中进行翻译。当然也可以直观化的转换成界面形式的文件来直观化翻译工作：

![35.png][]

其他诸如图片、声音、影片等资源文件也可以通过类似的方法本地化：

![36.png][]

在Xcode6中我们可以在Debug时预览不同语言和地区APP的界面效果，这样我们就不用在debug阶段不断的切换模拟器或真机的系统语言了！首先要在scheme中更改下运行APP的语言和地区：

![37.png][]

注意到后面还有两项：双倍长度的模拟语言和从右到左的模拟语言，这两种是模拟极端状况下来考验我们UI效果的。比如在表达相同语义时英语的长度要比汉语长很多，而德语又比英语长一些，这很可能让APP的界面造成混乱；而还有语言是从右到作的（古汉语的写法？），这也都是一些APP需要考虑的地方。

在Xcode6的Assistent Editor中我们可以无须在模拟器或真机上运行APP就可以在设计界面时预览界面的本地化效果，并在右下角的语言选项中切换语言：

![38.png][]

PS：语言和地区这两个选项是有差别的，比如当我们将地区设置成瑞典，虽然我们没有提供对应的瑞典版本的界面文字翻译，但是时间日期的显示方式等还是会遵从瑞典的习惯来显示。所以地区这一项可供选择的选项包含了所有地区，而语言这一选项只包含了我们在国际化工作中所支持的语言，因为只有国际化中支持的语言（比如上图，我只加入了英语和汉语）才有相应的资源文件；而NSFormatter地区格式优化是内建的，无需我们提供格式。

**本地化—翻译你的APP**

**![39.png][]**

之前国际化的工作就是将工程变得有国际范儿，建立起了支持多语种的架构，那么接下来就是苦逼的翻译工作和本地资源准备工作，说好听点儿就叫本地化。

首先要把表面上的工作做了，也就是翻译用户界面上所有的文字。当然这不是程序员该干的活儿，更不能直接交给谷歌翻译，而程序员与专业翻译人员沟通时还是需要成本的：首先把需要翻译的内容从工程里整理出来，然后交给负责翻译的妹子，等妹子翻译好后再把结果导入工程中，嗯目测工作量亚历山大。PS：为什么翻译是妹子？

就算妹子再萌，也不能因为这占用了程序猿们宝贵的工作时间！Xcode6简化了导入导出这些资源的流程，它会检查IB资源和源文件并提取“source strings”，并生成XLIFF文件。翻译好的XLIFF文件也可以通过Xcode导入到工程中来生成和更新资源。嗯，可以把省下来的时间干一些其他的事情咯。

![40.png][]

PS：XLIFF是由软件开发商、本地化服务提供商、本地化工具提供商等团体共同倡议和设计，由OASIS标准组织发布的用于本地化数据交换的格式标准。它基于XML技术制定软件资源文件格式的转换规格，其目的在于提高软件的本地化作业效率。

导出和导出XLIFF就是如此简单，选中项目，在Editor菜单中可以就找到：

![41.png][]

也可以通过命令行的方式进行导入导出XLIFF文件操作：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:976px; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="width:944px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:inherit!important; background:none!important">xcodebuide&nbsp;-exportLocalizations&nbsp;-project&nbsp;&nbsp;-localizationPath&nbsp;xcodebuide&nbsp;-importLocalizations&nbsp;-project&nbsp;&nbsp;-localizationPath</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**迭代开发—更新你的APP**

无需把翻译工作推到最后去做，因为导入和导出XLIFF文件是可以持续集成的，一边写代码，一边把现有内容导出XLIFF给他人翻译，这样能提高效率。每当有新的翻译修改时也可以及时更新，Xcode会把XLIFF文件内容与当前翻译进度合并；在导出XLIFF时可以选择导出当前开发使用的语言还是已经翻译中的语言，这些强大的服务无疑是Xcode6所赐予我们的。

![42.png][]

[http_www.cocoachina.com_ios_20141004_9827.html]: http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20141004/9827.html
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