Android am 指令的使用

男娘i 2022-08-20 10:14 213阅读 0赞

## 何为am指令 ##

android自带的命令也有些linux本身没有，而android特有的。例如android的am命令，am命令常见使用方法如下： am \[subcommand\] \[options\]，即命令后面跟着一个子命令，因为是子命令而不是参数，所以不用加-，而后面的参数就需要加-，比如am start -a *\**，start在这里就是子命令，-a在这里就是参数。

直接去看下am的代码Am.java。每次在shell环境下执行am即启动一个线程执行Am.java的主函数，这个主函数的主要实现都在run方法里面，am命令后面带的参数会当做运行时参数传递个主方法，后面会根据传入的参数不同，执行不同的条件分支。可以看到当参数的个数小于1的时候，就执行showUsage()方法，即说明am命令使用方式的方法，并且有最常用的参数intent的详细使用说明。am命令中最常用到的是start命令，下面来看下这个命令的执行过程。

代码根据第一个参数判断是否是start子命令，进入private void runStart() throws Exception方法，接着进入执行解析参数的关键方法 private Intent makeIntent(int defUser) throws URISyntaxException里面。makeIntent里面用while循环根据传入的参数一点一点的配置即将使用的intent，大的比如intent的action，data小的比如flag，参数等。回到runStart方法，首先是检查am start是否接着-S（stop）参数，如果不是就跨进程调用am服务执行命令。到这里am及其start子命令的执行过程基本介绍完了。

## am指令查看 ##

命令窗口通过adb shell 进入android 的Linux命令界面，输入am -help看到如下信息：  
![am指令查看][am]

## am指令使用 ##

我们可以通过命令启动android中的Activity，Service，BroadcastReceiver 等组件

*  拨打一个电话：  
    am start -a android.intent.action.CALL -d tel:10086  
    这里-a表示动作，-d表述传入的数据，还有-t表示传入的类型。
 *  打开一个网页：  
    am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d [http://www.baidu.com][http_www.baidu.com] （这里-d表示传入的data）
 *  打开音乐播放器：  
    am start -a android.intent.action.MUSIC\_PLAYER 或者  
    am start -n com.android.music/om.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity  
    （包名和应用名可以在Androidmanifest.xml文件查看到）
 *  启动一个服务：  
    am startservice <服务名称>  
    例如：am startservice -n com.android.music/com.android.music.MediaPlaybackService (这里-n表示组件)  
    或者 am startservice -a com.smz.myservice (这里-a表示动作，就是你在Androidmanifest里定义的)
 *  发送一个广播：  
    am broadcast -a <广播动作>  
    例如： am broadcast -a com.smz.mybroadcast
 *  还可放在代码中操作。

char intent[1024] = {0};
        sprintf(intent, "am start -a com.android.browser.ProxySelector);
        system(intent);

注：在SDK17之后，由于权限的问题，要记得在加上 –USER 0  
例如：AM BROADCAST –USER 0 -A COM.EXAMPLE.TEST

## am指令全集 ##

目标文件在\\frameworks\\base\\cmds\\am\\src\\com\\android\\commands\\am

usage: am \[subcommand\] \[options\]  
usage: am start \[-D\] \[-W\] \[-P \] \[–start-profiler \]  
\[–R COUNT\] \[-S\] \[–opengl-trace\]  
\[–user | current\]  
am startservice \[–user | current\]  
am stopservice \[–user | current\]  
am force-stop \[–user | all | current\]  
am kill \[–user | all | current\]  
am kill-all  
am broadcast \[–user | all | current\]  
am instrument \[-r\] \[-e \] \[-p \] \[-w\]  
\[–user | current\]  
\[–no-window-animation\]  
am profile start \[–user current\]  
am profile stop \[–user current\] \[\]  
am dumpheap \[–user current\] \[-n\]  
am set-debug-app \[-w\] \[–persistent\]  
am clear-debug-app  
am monitor \[–gdb \]  
am hang \[–allow-restart\]  
am restart  
am idle-maintenance  
am screen-compat \[on|off\]  
am to-uri \[INTENT\]  
am to-intent-uri \[INTENT\]  
am switch-user  
am stop-user  
am stack create  
am stack movetask \[true|false\]  
am stack resize  
am stack boxes  
am stack box

am start: start an Activity. Options are:  
\-D: enable debugging  
\-W: wait for launch to complete  
–start-profiler : start profiler and send results to  
\-P : like above, but profiling stops when app goes idle  
\-R: repeat the activity launch times. Prior to each repeat,  
the top activity will be finished.  
\-S: force stop the target app before starting the activity  
–opengl-trace: enable tracing of OpenGL functions  
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not  
specified then run as the current user.

am startservice: start a Service. Options are:  
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not  
specified then run as the current user.

am stopservice: stop a Service. Options are:  
–user | current: Specify which user to run as; if not  
specified then run as the current user.

am force-stop: force stop everything associated with .  
–user | all | current: Specify user to force stop;  
all users if not specified.

am kill: Kill all processes associated with . Only kills.  
processes that are safe to kill – that is, will not impact the user  
experience.  
–user | all | current: Specify user whose processes to kill;  
all users if not specified.

am kill-all: Kill all background processes.

am broadcast: send a broadcast Intent. Options are:  
–user | all | current: Specify which user to send to; if not  
specified then send to all users.  
–receiver-permission : Require receiver to hold permission.

am instrument: start an Instrumentation. Typically this target  
is the form /. Options are:  
\-r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT\_KEY\_STREAMRESULT). Use with  
\[-e perf true\] to generate raw output for performance measurements.  
\-e : set argument to . For test runners a  
common form is \[-e \[,…\]\].  
\-p : write profiling data to  
\-w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning. Required for  
test runners.  
–user | current: Specify user instrumentation runs in;  
current user if not specified.  
–no-window-animation: turn off window animations while running.

am profile: start and stop profiler on a process. The given argument  
may be either a process name or pid. Options are:  
–user | current: When supplying a process name,  
specify user of process to profile; uses current user if not specified.

am dumpheap: dump the heap of a process. The given argument may  
be either a process name or pid. Options are:  
\-n: dump native heap instead of managed heap  
–user | current: When supplying a process name,  
specify user of process to dump; uses current user if not specified.

am set-debug-app: set application to debug. Options are:  
\-w: wait for debugger when application starts  
–persistent: retain this value

am clear-debug-app: clear the previously set-debug-app.

am bug-report: request bug report generation; will launch UI  
when done to select where it should be delivered.

am monitor: start monitoring for crashes or ANRs.  
–gdb: start gdbserv on the given port at crash/ANR

am hang: hang the system.  
–allow-restart: allow watchdog to perform normal system restart

am restart: restart the user-space system.

am idle-maintenance: perform idle maintenance now.

am screen-compat: control screen compatibility mode of .

am to-uri: print the given Intent specification as a URI.

am to-intent-uri: print the given Intent specification as an intent: URI.

am switch-user: switch to put USER\_ID in the foreground, starting  
execution of that user if it is currently stopped.

am stop-user: stop execution of USER\_ID, not allowing it to run any  
code until a later explicit switch to it.

am stack create: create a new stack relative to an existing one.  
: the task to populate the new stack with. Must exist.  
: existing stack box’s id.  
: 0: before , per RTL/LTR configuration,  
1: after , per RTL/LTR configuration,  
2: to left of ,  
3: to right of , 4: above , 5: below  
: float between 0.2 and 0.8 inclusive.

am stack movetask: move from its current stack to the top (true) or bottom (false) of .

am stack resize: change relative size to new .

am stack boxes: list the hierarchy of stack boxes and their contents.

am stack box: list the hierarchy of stack boxes rooted at .

specifications include these flags and arguments:  
\[-a \] \[-d \] \[-t \]  
\[-c \[-c \] …\]  
\[-e|–es …\]  
\[–esn …\]  
\[–ez …\]  
\[–ei …\]  
\[–el …\]  
\[–ef …\]  
\[–eu …\]  
\[–ecn \]  
\[–eia \[,

[am]: /images/20220731/c7d3d87b24594f9997f6832749839e9b.png
[http_www.baidu.com]: http://www.baidu.com