Whether Thread Pool is Needed for You?

野性酷女 2022-08-21 08:58 187阅读 0赞

### 你到底需不需要内存池？ ###

先问自己两个问题：

是否有很多请求需要重复性的进行处理？  
而且每个请求是相互独立的？  
你是否需要等待IO操作，或是文件操作？

如果你回答YES，那么你需要一个线程池来帮助你。

### 我们为什么需要内存池？ ###

通常情况下，IO操作都会需要很长的一段时间才能完成。所以，在一个单线程的应用程序中，在IO操作期间，系统资源都会进行等待。如果使用多线程，效率就会大大的提高。所以我们需要线程池更高效的完成多线程操作。

### 内存池会有什么样的作用？ ###

一个应用程序其实应该避免频繁的创建和销毁线程。  
内存池就是可以帮助管理线程，避免频繁的创建和销毁，更加高效。

### 线程池的设计 ###

线程池会创建一些特定的线程，并且等待被请求。一旦有请求到达了线程池，一个线程就会被激活并且开始执行。当这个请求完成的时候，这个线程会退回到等待请求的状态。当用户请求destroy的时候，线程池中所有的线程都会退出。

设计图如下：  
![这里写图片描述][20160425222235722]  
**ThreadPool**  
这个类将会创建、管理、析构线程池。所以，你的应用程序需要创建ThreadPool类的一个对象。

**AbstractRequest**  
这表示线程池的一个请求。客户端应用程序需要继承这个类，并且根据自己的情况实现线程中要执行的函数。

**Logger**  
记录一些日志，错误等信息。

### 源代码： ###

#ifndef _THREAD_POOL_MGR_H_
    #define _THREAD_POOL_MGR_H_
    
    #include <windows.h>
    #include <list>
    
    namespace TP
    {
    
        /** * Logger - This is base class for the error logger class and it is polymorphic. * The users of the ThreadPool create a class which derived from this * and override LogError() and LogInfo() for their own error logging mechanism. * The default error logging will be in output window. */
        class Logger
        {
    
        public:
    
            // Constructor
            Logger(){};
            // Destructor
            virtual ~Logger(){};
            // Log error description.
            void LogError( const long lActiveReq_i, const std::wstring& wstrError_i );
            // Log information.
            void LogInfo( const long lActiveReq_i, const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i );
            // Override this function to log errors. Default log will be in output window.
            virtual void LogError( const std::wstring& wstrError_i );
            // Override this function to log informations. Default log will be in output window.
            virtual void LogInfo( const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i );
    
        private:
    
            // Log thread ID, Active thread count and last error.
            void PrepareLog( const long lActiveReq_i, std::wstring& wstrLog_io );
        };
    
        /** * SyncObject - The class is a wrapper of Critical section object to provide * synchronization for thread pool. */
        class SyncObject
        {
    
        public:
            // Constructor
            SyncObject()
            {
                ::InitializeCriticalSection( &m_stCriticalSection );
            }
    
            // Destructor
            ~SyncObject()
            {
                ::DeleteCriticalSection( &m_stCriticalSection );
            }
    
            // Lock critical section.
            bool Lock()
            {
                ::EnterCriticalSection( &m_stCriticalSection );
                return true;
            }
    
            // Unlock critical section.
            bool Unlock()
            {
                ::LeaveCriticalSection( &m_stCriticalSection );
                return true;
            }
    
        private:
            SyncObject( const SyncObject& );
            SyncObject& operator = ( const SyncObject& );
    
        private:
    
            // Critical section object.
            CRITICAL_SECTION m_stCriticalSection;
        };
    
        /** * AutoLock - This class own synchronization object during construction and * release the ownership during the destruction. */
        class AutoLock
        {
    
        public:
    
            /** 
             * Parameterized constructor
             * 
             * @param       LockObj_i - Synchronization object.
             * @return      Nil
             * @exception   Nil
             * @see         Nil
             * @since       1.0
             */
            AutoLock( SyncObject& LockObj_i ) : m_pSyncObject( &LockObj_i )
            {
                if( NULL != m_pSyncObject )
                {
                    m_pSyncObject->Lock();
                }
            }
    
            /** * Destructor. * * @param Nil * @return Nil * @exception Nil * @see Nil * @since 1.0 */
            ~AutoLock()
            {
                if( NULL != m_pSyncObject )
                {
                    m_pSyncObject->Unlock();
                    m_pSyncObject = NULL;
                }
            }
    
        private:
            SyncObject* m_pSyncObject;
        };
    
    
        /** * AbstractRequest - This is abstract base class for the request to be processed in thread pool. * and it is polymorphic. The users of the ThreadPool must create a class * which derived from this and override Execute() function. */
        class AbstractRequest
        {
    
        public:
            // Constructor
            AbstractRequest() : m_bAborted( false ), m_usRequestID( 0u ){}
            // Destructor
            virtual ~AbstractRequest(){}
            // Thread procedure to be override in derived class. This function should return if request aborted.
            // Abort request can check by calling IsAborted() function during time consuming operation.
            virtual long Execute() = 0;
            // Set request ID.
            void SetRequestID( unsigned short uRequestID_i )
            {
                AutoLock LockRequest( m_LockWorkerThread );
                m_usRequestID = uRequestID_i;
            }
            // Get request ID.
            unsigned short GetRequestID()
            {
                AutoLock LockRequest( m_LockWorkerThread );
                return m_usRequestID;
            }
            // Abort the processing of the request.
            void Abort()
            {
                AutoLock LockRequest( m_LockWorkerThread );
                m_bAborted = true;
            }
            // Clear abort flag for re-posting the same request.
            void ClearAbortFlag()
            {
                AutoLock LockRequest( m_LockWorkerThread );
                m_bAborted = false;
            }
    
        protected:
            // Check for the abort request
            bool IsAborted()
            {
                AutoLock LockRequest( m_LockWorkerThread );
                return m_bAborted;
            }
            // Prepare error or information log.
            void PrepareLog( std::wstring& wstrLog_io );
    
        protected:
            // Synchronization object for resource locking.
            SyncObject m_LockWorkerThread;
    
        private:
            // Abort flag.
            bool m_bAborted;
            // Request Identifier.
            unsigned short m_usRequestID;
    
        };
    
        /** * AutoCounter - Increment and decrement counter */
        class AutoCounter
        {
    
        public:
            // Constructor.
            AutoCounter( unsigned short& usCount_io,
                         SyncObject& Lock_io ) :
                         m_usCount( usCount_io ), m_LockThread( Lock_io )
            {
                AutoLock Lock( m_LockThread );
                m_usCount++;
            }
    
            // Destructor.
            ~AutoCounter()
            {
                AutoLock Lock( m_LockThread );
                m_usCount--;
            }
    
        private:
            // Counter variable.
            unsigned short& m_usCount;
            // Synchronization object for resource locking.
            SyncObject& m_LockThread;
        };
    
    
        typedef std::list<AbstractRequest*> REQUEST_QUEUE;
    
    
        /** * ThreadPool - This class create and destroy thread pool based on the request. * The requested to be processed can be post to pool as derived object of * AbstractRequest. Also a class can be derive from Logger to error and * information logging. */
        class ThreadPool
        {
    
        public:
            // Constructor.
            ThreadPool();
            // Destructor.
            ~ThreadPool();
    
            // Create thread pool with specified number of threads.
            bool Create( const unsigned short usThreadCount_i, Logger* pLogger_io = NULL );
            // Destroy the existing thread pool.
            bool Destroy();
            // Post request to thread pool for processing.
            bool PostRequest( AbstractRequest* pRequest_io );
    
        private:
            AbstractRequest* PopRequest( REQUEST_QUEUE& RequestQueue_io );
            bool AddThreads();
            bool NotifyThread();
            bool ProcessRequests();
            bool WaitForRequest();
            bool DestroyPool();
            bool IsDestroyed();
            void SetDestroyFlag( const bool bFlag_i );
            void CancelRequests();
            void LogError( const std::wstring& wstrError_i );
            void LogInfo( const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i );
            static UINT WINAPI ThreadProc( LPVOID pParam_i );
    
        private:
            ThreadPool( const ThreadPool& );
            ThreadPool& operator = ( const ThreadPool& );
    
        private:
            // Used for thread pool destruction.
            bool m_bDestroyed;
            // Hold thread count in the pool.
            unsigned short m_usThreadCount;
            // Released semaphore count.
            unsigned short m_usSemaphoreCount;
            // Active thread count.
            unsigned short m_lActiveThread;
            // Active thread count.
            unsigned short m_usPendingReqCount;
            // Manage active thread count in pool.
            HANDLE m_hSemaphore;
            // Hold thread handles.
            HANDLE* m_phThreadList;
            // Request queue.
            REQUEST_QUEUE m_RequestQueue;
            // Synchronization object for resource locking.
            SyncObject m_LockWorkerThread;
            // User defined error and information logger class.
            Logger* m_pLogger;
            // Default error and information logger.
            Logger m_Logger;
        };
    } // namespace TP
    
    #endif // #ifndef _THREAD_POOL_MGR_H_

.cpp

/** * @author : Suresh */
    
    #include "ThreadPool.h"
    #include <sstream>
    #include <iomanip>
    
    namespace TP
    {
    
        /** * Log error description. * * @param lActiveReq_i - Count of active requests. * @param wstrError_i - Error message. */
        void Logger::LogError( const long lActiveReq_i, const std::wstring& wstrError_i )
        {
            std::wstring wstrLog( wstrError_i );
            PrepareLog( lActiveReq_i, wstrLog );
            LogError( wstrLog );
        }
    
    
        /** * Log information. * * @param lActiveReq_i - Count of active requests. * @param wstrInfo_i - Information message. */
        void Logger::LogInfo( const long lActiveReq_i, const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i )
        {
            std::wstring wstrLog( wstrInfo_i );
            PrepareLog( lActiveReq_i, wstrLog );
            LogInfo( wstrLog );
        }
    
    
        /** * Override this function to log errors. Default log will be in output window. * * @param wstrError_i - Error description */
        void Logger::LogError( const std::wstring& wstrError_i )
        {
            OutputDebugString( wstrError_i.c_str());
        }
    
    
        /** * Override this function to log informations. Default log will be in output window. * * @param wstrInfo_i - Information description. */
        void Logger::LogInfo( const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i )
        {
            OutputDebugString( wstrInfo_i.c_str());
        }
    
    
        /** * Log thread ID, Active thread count and last error. * * @param lActiveReq_i - Active thread count. * @param wstrLog_io - Error or information description */
        void Logger::PrepareLog( const long lActiveReq_i, std::wstring& wstrLog_io )
        {
            std::wstringstream wstrmLog;
            wstrmLog << L"##TP## [TID=" << std::setfill( L'0' ) << std::setw(8) << ::GetCurrentThreadId()
                     << L"] [ACTIVE REQUEST=" << std::setw(4) << lActiveReq_i
                     << L"] [LAST ERROR=" << std::setw(4) << ::GetLastError()
                     << L"] " << wstrLog_io.c_str() << + L"]";
            wstrLog_io = wstrmLog.str();
        }
    
    
        /** * Prepare error or information log. * * @param wstrLog_io - Log information */
        void AbstractRequest::PrepareLog( std::wstring& wstrLog_io )
        {
            std::wstringstream wstrmLog;
            wstrmLog << std::setfill( L'0' );
            wstrmLog << L"##RQ## [RID=" << std::setw(8) << GetRequestID()
                     << L"] [Desc=" << wstrLog_io.c_str() << + L"]";
            wstrLog_io = wstrmLog.str();
        }
    
    
        /** * Constructor */
        ThreadPool::ThreadPool() : m_bDestroyed( false ),
                                   m_usThreadCount( 0u ),
                                   m_usSemaphoreCount( 0u ),
                                   m_lActiveThread( 0u ),
                                   m_usPendingReqCount( 0u ),
                                   m_hSemaphore( NULL ),
                                   m_phThreadList( NULL ),
                                   m_pLogger( &m_Logger )
        {
        }
    
    
        /** * Destructor */
        ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
        {
            if( NULL != m_phThreadList )
            {
                if( !Destroy())
                {
                    LogError( L"Destroy() failed" );
                }
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Create thread pool with specified number of threads. * * @param usThreadCount_i - Thread count. * @param pLogger_i - Logger instance to log errors and informations */
        bool ThreadPool::Create( const unsigned short usThreadCount_i, Logger* pLogger_i )
        {
            try
            {
                // Assign logger object. If user not provided then use existing and
                // error will be logged in output window.
                m_pLogger = ( NULL != pLogger_i ) ? pLogger_i : &m_Logger;
                // Check thread pool is initialized already.
                if( NULL != m_phThreadList )
                {
                    LogError( L"ThreadPool already created" );
                    return false;
                }
                // Validate thread count.
                if( 0 == usThreadCount_i )
                {
                    LogError( L"Minimum allowed thread count is one" );
                    return false;
                }
                if( usThreadCount_i > 64 )
                {
                    LogError( L"Maximum allowed thread count is 64" );
                    return false;
                }
                LogInfo( L"Thread pool creation requested" );
    
                // Initialize values.
                m_lActiveThread = 0u;
                m_usSemaphoreCount = 0u;
                m_usPendingReqCount = 0u;
                m_usThreadCount = usThreadCount_i;
                // Create semaphore for thread count management.
                m_hSemaphore = CreateSemaphore( NULL, 0, m_usThreadCount, NULL );
                if( NULL == m_hSemaphore )
                {
                    LogError( L"Semaphore creation failed" );
                    m_usThreadCount = 0u;
                    return false;
                }
                // Create worker threads and make pool active
                if( !AddThreads())
                {
                    LogError( L"Threads creation failed" );
                    Destroy();
                    return false;
                }
                SetDestroyFlag( false );
                LogInfo( L"Thread pool created successfully" );
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in Create()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Destroy thread pool. */
        bool ThreadPool::Destroy()
        {
            try
            {
                // Check whether thread pool already destroyed.
                if( NULL == m_phThreadList )
                {
                    LogError( L"ThreadPool is already destroyed or not created yet" );
                    return false;
                }
                // Cancel all requests.
                CancelRequests();
                // Set destroyed flag to true for exiting threads.
                SetDestroyFlag( true );
                // Release remaining semaphores to exit thread.
                {
                    AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                    if( m_lActiveThread < m_usThreadCount )
                    {
                        if( NULL == ReleaseSemaphore( m_hSemaphore, m_usThreadCount - m_lActiveThread, NULL ))
                        {
                            LogError( L"Failed to release Semaphore" );
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                // Wait for destroy completion and clean the thread pool.
                if( !DestroyPool())
                {
                    LogError( L"Thread pool destruction failed" );
                    return false;
                }
                LogInfo( L"Thread Pool destroyed successfully" );
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in Destroy()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Post request to thread pool for processing * * @param pRequest_io - Request to be processed. */
        bool ThreadPool::PostRequest( AbstractRequest* pRequest_io )
        {
            try
            {
                AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                if( NULL == m_phThreadList )
                {
                    LogError( L"ThreadPool is destroyed or not created yet" );
                    return false;
                }
                m_RequestQueue.push_back( pRequest_io );
                if( m_usSemaphoreCount < m_usThreadCount )
                {
                    // Thread available to process, so notify thread.
                    if( !NotifyThread())
                    {
                        LogError( L"NotifyThread failed" );
                        // Request notification failed. Try after some time.
                        m_usPendingReqCount++;
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Thread not available to process.
                    m_usPendingReqCount++;
                }
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in PostRequest()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Pop request from queue for processing. * * @param RequestQueue_io - Request queue. * @return AbstractRequest* - Request pointer. */
        AbstractRequest* ThreadPool::PopRequest( REQUEST_QUEUE& RequestQueue_io )
        {
            AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
            if( !RequestQueue_io.empty())
            {
                AbstractRequest* pRequest = RequestQueue_io.front();
                RequestQueue_io.remove( pRequest );
                return pRequest;
            }
            return 0;
        }
    
    
        /** * Create specified number of threads. Initial status of threads will be waiting. */
        bool ThreadPool::AddThreads()
        {
            try
            {
                // Allocate memory for all threads.
                m_phThreadList = new HANDLE[m_usThreadCount];
                if( NULL == m_phThreadList )
                {
                    LogError( L"Memory allocation for thread handle failed" );
                    return false;
                }
                // Create worker threads.
                DWORD dwThreadID = 0;
                for( unsigned short usIdx = 0u; usIdx < m_usThreadCount; usIdx++ )
                {
                    // Create worker thread
                    m_phThreadList[usIdx] = CreateThread( 0, 0,
                                                          reinterpret_cast<LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE>( ThreadPool::ThreadProc ),
                                                          this, 0, &dwThreadID );
                    if( NULL == m_phThreadList[usIdx] )
                    {
                        LogError( L"CreateThread failed" );
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in AddThreads()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Add request to queue and release semaphore by one. */
        bool ThreadPool::NotifyThread()
        {
            try
            {
                AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                // Release semaphore by one to process this request.
                if( NULL == ReleaseSemaphore( m_hSemaphore, 1, NULL ))
                {
                    LogError( L"ReleaseSemaphore failed" );
                    return false;
                }
                m_usSemaphoreCount++;
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in NotifyThread()" );
                m_RequestQueue.pop_back();
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Process request in queue. */
        bool ThreadPool::ProcessRequests()
        {
            bool bContinue( true );
            do
            {
                try
                {
                    LogInfo( L"Thread WAITING" );
                    // Wait for request.
                    if( !WaitForRequest())
                    {
                        LogError( L"WaitForRequest() failed" );
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Thread counter.
                    AutoCounter Counter( m_lActiveThread, m_LockWorkerThread );
                    LogInfo( L"Thread ACTIVE" );
                    // Check thread pool destroy request.
                    if( IsDestroyed())
                    {
                        LogInfo( L"Thread EXITING" );
                        break;
                    }
                    // Get request from request queue.
                    AbstractRequest* pRequest = PopRequest( m_RequestQueue );
                    if( NULL == pRequest )
                    {
                        LogError( L"PopRequest failed" );
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Execute the request.
                    long lReturn = pRequest->Execute();
                    if( NULL != lReturn )
                    {
                        LogError( L"Request execution failed" );
                        continue;
                    }
                    // Check thread pool destroy request.
                    if( IsDestroyed())
                    {
                        LogInfo( L"Thread EXITING" );
                        break;
                    }
                    AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                    // Inform thread if any pending request.
                    if( m_usPendingReqCount > 0 )
                    {
                        if( m_usSemaphoreCount < m_usThreadCount )
                        {
                            // Thread available to process, so notify thread.
                            if( !NotifyThread())
                            {
                                LogError( L"NotifyThread failed" );
                                continue;
                            }
                            m_usPendingReqCount--;
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch( ... )
                {
                    LogError( L"Exception occurred in ProcessRequests()" );
                    continue;
                }
            }
            while( bContinue );
            return true;
        }
    
    
        /** * Wait for request queuing to thread pool. */
        bool ThreadPool::WaitForRequest()
        {
            try
            {
                // Wait released when requested queued.
                DWORD dwReturn = WaitForSingleObject( m_hSemaphore, INFINITE );
                if( WAIT_OBJECT_0 != dwReturn )
                {
                    LogError( L"WaitForSingleObject failed" );
                    return false;
                }
                AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                m_usSemaphoreCount--;
                // Clear previous error.
                ::SetLastError( 0 );
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in WaitForRequest()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Destroy and clean up thread pool. */
        bool ThreadPool::DestroyPool()
        {
            try
            {
                // Wait for the exist of threads.
                DWORD dwReturn = WaitForMultipleObjects( m_usThreadCount, m_phThreadList, TRUE, INFINITE );
                if( WAIT_OBJECT_0 != dwReturn )
                {
                    LogError( L"WaitForMultipleObjects failed" );
                    return false;
                }
                // Close all threads.
                for( USHORT uIdx = 0u; uIdx < m_usThreadCount; uIdx++ )
                {
                    if( TRUE != CloseHandle( m_phThreadList[uIdx] ))
                    {
                        LogError( L"CloseHandle failed for threads" );
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                // Clear memory allocated for threads.
                delete[] m_phThreadList;
                m_phThreadList = 0;
                // Close the semaphore
                if( TRUE != CloseHandle( m_hSemaphore ))
                {
                    LogError( L"CloseHandle failed for semaphore" );
                    return false;
                }
                // Clear request queue.
                m_RequestQueue.clear();
                return true;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in DestroyPool()" );
                return false;
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Check for destroy request. */
        inline bool ThreadPool::IsDestroyed()
        {
            // Avoid synchronization issues if destroy requested after validation.
            AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
            // During thread pool destruction all semaphores are released
            // to exit all threads.
            return m_bDestroyed;
        }
    
    
        /** * Set destroy flag */
        inline void ThreadPool::SetDestroyFlag( const bool bFlag_i )
        {
            AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
            m_bDestroyed = bFlag_i;
        }
    
    
        /** * Cancel all processing request in pool. */
        void ThreadPool::CancelRequests()
        {
            try
            {
                // Avoid synchronization issues if destroy requested after validation.
                AutoLock LockThread( m_LockWorkerThread );
                LogInfo( L"Thread pool destroy requested" );
                // Clear main queue.
                m_RequestQueue.clear();
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                LogError( L"Exception occurred in CancelRequests()" );
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Log error in thread pool. * * @param wstrError_i - Error description. */
        void ThreadPool::LogError( const std::wstring& wstrError_i )
        {
            if( NULL != m_pLogger )
            {
                m_pLogger->LogError( m_lActiveThread, wstrError_i );
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * Log information in thread pool. * * @param wstrInfo_i - Information description. */
        void ThreadPool::LogInfo( const std::wstring& wstrInfo_i )
        {
            if( NULL != m_pLogger )
            {
                m_pLogger->LogInfo( m_lActiveThread, wstrInfo_i );
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * worker thread procedure. * * @param pParam_i - ThreadPool instance. * @return UINT - Return 0 on success. */
        UINT ThreadPool::ThreadProc( LPVOID pParam_i )
        {
            ThreadPool* pThreadPool = NULL;
            try
            {
                ThreadPool* pThreadPool = reinterpret_cast<ThreadPool*>( pParam_i );
                if( NULL == pThreadPool )
                {
                    return 1;
                }
                if( !pThreadPool->ProcessRequests())
                {
                    pThreadPool->LogError( L"ProcessRequests() failed" );
                    return 1;
                }
                return 0;
            }
            catch( ... )
            {
                if( NULL !=  pThreadPool )
                {
                    pThreadPool->LogError( L"Exception occurred in ThreadProc()" );
                }
                return 1;
            }
        }
    } // namespace TP

[20160425222235722]: /images/20220724/c7d7e064a75e4d55bcf3e7b8e8399f8b.png