[Openstack] 杂七杂八的记录

系统管理员 2022-08-29 10:54 301阅读 0赞

**1.常用命令**  
(1)镜像  
**列出镜像**  
glance image-list  
nova image-list  
openstack image list

**上传/创建镜像**  
glance image-create --name <image\_name> --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare  
\--file <image\_file\_name> --progress

说明：  
  --disk-format <DISK\_FORMAT>  
                        Format of the disk Valid values: None, ami, ari, aki,  
                        vhd, vmdk, raw, qcow2, vdi, iso  
  --container-format <CONTAINER\_FORMAT>  
                        Format of the container Valid values: None, ami, ari,  
                        aki, bare, ovf, ova, docker  
  --progress            Show upload progress bar.

**删除镜像**  
openstack image delete <Image\_Name>  
glance image-delete <IMAGE\_ID>

(2)Flavor  
列出Flavor  
nova flavor-list  
openstack flavor list

**创建Flavor**  
nova flavor-create <flavor\_name> <id> <ram\_size:MB> <disk\_size:GB> <vcpu\_numbers>

Set huge pages allocations ==>

nova flavor-key <flavor\_name> set hw:mem\_page\_size=<memory\_size, suggest 1048576>  
nova flavor-key <flavor\_name> set hw:cpu\_policy=dedicated

**OR**  
openstack flavor create <Flavor\_Name> --ram <RAM\_in\_MB> --disk <Disk\_in\_GB> --vcpus <Number\_of\_VCPU>  
   
Set huge pages allocations ==>  
openstack flavor set <Flavor\_Name> --property hw:mem\_page\_si  
ze=1048576

**(3)neutron**  
**列出网络**  
neutron net-list

**列出子网**  
neutron subnet-list  
neutron subnet-list --network\_id=xxx

**查看子网**  
neutron subnet-show <subnet\_id>

**列出PORT**  
neutron port-list

**创建PORT**  
neutron port-create \[--name NAME\] \[--fixed-ip subnet\_id=SUBNET,ip\_address=IP\_ADDR\] <net\_id>

**列出虚拟机的接口**  
nova interface-list <VM name>

一个 subnet 只能属于某个 network;一个 network 可以有多个 subnet，这些 subnet 可以是不同的 IP 段，但不能重叠。

**注意：**

1.这里不是判断 IP 是否有重叠，而是 subnet 的 CIDR 重叠

2.如果 subnet 在不同的 network 中，CIDR 和 IP 都是可以重叠的

port 与 subnet 是 1对多 关系。一个 port 必须属于某个 subnet；一个 subnet 可以有多个 port。

port 可以看做虚拟交换机上的一个端口。port 上定义了 MAC 地址和 IP 地址，当 instance 的虚拟网卡 VIF（Virtual Interface） 绑定到 port 时，port 会将 MAC 和 IP 分配给 VIF

*推荐阅读：  
openstack的网络、子网、端口的关系 https://www.cnblogs.com/boshen-hzb/p/9870345.html*

(4)可用区  
openstack availability zone list

(5)Stack  
openstack stack list  
openstack stack show <stack name>  
openstack stack delete <stack name>

**2.杂七杂八问题和记录**  
**(1)VM部署/换flavor总是因为资源不足失败**  
查看有哪些计算节点可以列出host: nova host-list  
查看特定计算节点资源: nova host-describe <Compute Host Name>  
查看计算节点上的虚拟机: nova list --host <Compute Host Name> --all-tenants  
查看计算节点详细资源: nova hypervisor-show <Compute Host Name>  
查看VM创建失败原因: nova show <VM name>

**(2)换flavor**

参考 [https://blog.csdn.net/wy\_hhxx/article/details/111541096][https_blog.csdn.net_wy_hhxx_article_details_111541096] 附: 给Openstack上的VM加内存

**(3)给两个PORT添加浮动IP**  
neutron port-show  <PORT1>  => get value of id -> id1  
neutron port-update --allowed-address-pair ip\_address=<float ip> <id1>  
neutron port-show  <PORT2>  => get value of id -> id2  
neutron port-update --allowed-address-pair ip\_address=<float ip> <id2>

再执行

$ openstack port show <PORT1/PORT2>
    +-----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Field                 | Value
    +-----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | admin_state_up        | UP
    | allowed_address_pairs |ip_address='<float ip>', mac_address='<xxx>'

（4）Boot instance from image不能登录的问题

默认创建的VM中sshd\_config的配置是  
PermitRootLogin no  
PubkeyAuthentication yes

这时需要打开远程控制台登录修改

~$ nova get-vnc-console TEST-4 novnc
    +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Type  | Url                                                                                    |
    +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | novnc | https://[2112:0:0:16::4]:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=aaa6d141-07a8-4b5e-8144-3f8a792ac4ae |
    +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

为了避免这种情况, 创建命令中可以带上 --user-data参数

nova boot **--user-data <script\_file>** \--flavor <flavor\_name> --image <image\_id> --nic port-id=<port\_id> --availability zone=<availability\_zone\_name>:<compute\_node\_name> <instance\_name>

script\_file的内容如下

#!/bin/bash
    echo "Note: Modify sshd_config to enable root login"
    sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/g'
    /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin no/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    sed -i 's/PubkeyAuthentication yes/PubkeyAuthentication no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    systemctl restart sshd

或者用heat模板创建VM,使用cloud-init初始化云环境可以避开上述问题

[https_blog.csdn.net_wy_hhxx_article_details_111541096]: https://blog.csdn.net/wy_hhxx/article/details/111541096