「入行全栈 Django3.x 个人主页网站全记录」6.博客评论应用开发

亦凉 2022-09-10 01:16 58阅读 0赞

项目汇总：[「入行全栈 Django3.x 个人主页网站全记录」项目总览介绍][Django3.x]

### 文章目录 ###

*  内容介绍
 *  内容展示
 *  应用创建&配置
 *  应用 models.py
 *  管理 adminx.py
 *  视图 Views.py
 *  配置 url.py
 *  表单验证 Forms.py
 *  前端渲染模板

# 内容介绍 #

博客评论 后台功能开发和配置。评论功能基于MPTT进行的二次开发。前端展示部分点击上面的项目汇总查找《「入行全栈 Django3.x 个人主页网站全记录」4.博客应用开发》中的前端代码即可。

其中项目中数据迁移部分不做说明，执行CMD命令。

python manage.py makemigrations  # 迁移到我们数据库
    python manage.py migrate # 同步到数据库

# 内容展示 #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBATXLmlbDmja7mnag_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

# 应用创建&配置 #

**1.创建应用**  
进入文件根目录执行CMD命令创建新闻资讯应用，并将创建好的应用文件夹移动到目录的apps下即可。

cd MyHome
    python manage.py startapp Comment

将创建好的应用文件夹移动到目录的apps下即可

**2.配置应用模块**

在settings.py文件中修改

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    	...
    	# 添加文章应用
        'apps.Comment',

**3.不需要修改该的文件**

1.  **admin.py** 这个我们使用xadmin代替的原有版本的admin，因此这个文件不需要修改该
2.  **apps.py** 应用的配置文件，不需要动
3.  **test.py** 测试执行脚本，不需要动

# 应用 models.py #

# coding:utf-8
    from django.db import models
    from mptt.models import MPTTModel, TreeForeignKey
    from apps.User.models import *
    from ckeditor.fields import RichTextField
    from apps.Blog.models import *
    
    
    # 替换 models.Model 为 MPTTModel
    class Comment(MPTTModel):
        article_slug = models.SlugField(
            default="",
            verbose_name='文章slug', help_text='填写英文、字母、下划线、数字，不可重复,用于标签快速查找',
        )
    
        user = models.ForeignKey(
            User,
            on_delete=models.CASCADE,
            related_name='comments'
        )
    
        # mptt树形结构
        parent = TreeForeignKey(
            'self',
            on_delete=models.CASCADE,
            null=True,
            blank=True,
            related_name='children'
        )
    
        # 记录二级评论回复给谁, str
        reply_to = models.ForeignKey(
            UserProfile,
            null=True,
            blank=True,
            on_delete=models.CASCADE,
            related_name='replyers'
        )
    
        comment_message = RichTextField()
        created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    
        class MPTTMeta:
            order_insertion_by = ['created']
    
        def __str__(self):
            return self.comment_message[:20]

# 管理 adminx.py #

# coding:utf-8
    import xadmin
    from .models import *
    
    
    # 评论管理
    class CommentAdmin(object):
        list_display = ['id','article_slug', 'user', 'reply_to','comment_message']
        show_bookmarks = False
    
    
    xadmin.site.register(Comment, CommentAdmin)

# 视图 Views.py #

# coding:utf-8
    from .models import *
    from apps.Blog.models import *
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import *
    from django.shortcuts import *
    from .Forms import *
    
    from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
    from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
    from .models import Comment
    from MyHome.settings import *
    from notifications.signals import notify
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    
    
    # 文章评论
    @login_required(login_url='/userprofile/login/')
    def post_comment(request):
        # 处理 POST 请求
        if request.method == 'POST':
            article_slug = request.GET.get('article_slug')
            comment_message = request.POST.get('comment_message')
            parent_comment_id = request.GET.get('parent_comment_id')
            comment_form = CommentForm(request.POST)
    
            # print("=" * 50)
            # print(article_slug)
            # print("=" * 50)
    
            if comment_form.is_valid():
                new_comment = Comment()
                new_comment.comment_message = comment_message
                new_comment.user = request.user
                new_comment.article_slug = article_slug
    
                # 返回文章当前页
                redirect_url = WebBaseUrl + "MyBlogDetail?article_slug=" + article_slug
    
                # 二级回复
                if parent_comment_id:
                    parent_comment = Comment.objects.get(id=parent_comment_id)
                    # 若回复层级超过二级，则转换为二级
                    new_comment.parent_id = parent_comment.get_root().id
                    # 被回复人
                    new_comment.reply_to = parent_comment.user
                    new_comment.save()
                    context = { 
                        "message": "回复成功，请关闭窗口"
                    }
                    return render(request, 'Comment/reply.html', context)
                new_comment.save()
                return redirect(redirect_url)
            else:
                return HttpResponse("表单内容有误，请重新填写。")
        # 处理 GET 请求
        elif request.method == 'GET':
            article_slug = request.GET.get('article_slug')
            parent_comment_id = request.GET.get('parent_comment_id')
            comment_form = CommentForm()
            context = { 
                'comment_form': comment_form,
                'article_slug': article_slug,
                'parent_comment_id': parent_comment_id,
            }
            return render(request, 'Comment/reply.html', context)
        # 处理其他请求
        else:
            return HttpResponse("仅接受GET/POST请求。")

# 配置 url.py #

from django.urls import path
    from apps.Comment.views import *
    
    app_name = 'Comment'
    
    urlpatterns = [
        # 已有代码，处理一级回复
        path('post-comment', post_comment, name='post_comment'),
        # 新增代码，处理二级回复
        path('comment_reply', post_comment, name='comment_reply')
    ]

# 表单验证 Forms.py #

# coding:utf-8
    from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
    from django import forms
    from .models import *
    
    class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
        class Meta:
            model = Comment
            fields = ['comment_message']

# 前端渲染模板 #

**reply.html**

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-cn">
    {% load static %}
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'Blog/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'Blog/prism.css' %}">
        <script src="{% static 'Blog/prism_patched.min.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'Blog/js/jquery/jquery-3.3.1.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'Blog/js/popper/popper-1.14.4.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'Blog/js/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
        <script src="{% static 'Blog/js/csrf.js' %}"></script>
        <style> .class_form{ width: 100%; } </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    {% if message %}
        {
       { message }}
        点击窗口外任意位置返回。
    {% else %}
        <form action="{% url 'comment:comment_reply' %}?article_slug={ { article_slug }}&parent_comment_id={ { parent_comment_id }}" method="POST" class="class_form">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12">
                {
       { comment_form.comment_message }}
            </div>
            <button class="btn btn-primary">提交评论</button>
        </form>
    {% endif %}
    </body>
    </html>

[Django3.x]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20288327/article/details/120060658
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBATXLmlbDmja7mnag_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: /images/20220829/cb2d08dd4e8c44238a91b1d58885cd1f.png